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Biomedical subjects

P Leatt

Publications and source records attributed to P Leatt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Different systems, different costs? An examination of the comparability of workload measurement systems.

This study examines the equivalence of the hours of care estimates of four patient classification/workload measurement systems. Although the hours of care estimates of the systems were similar, differences between the estimates could be as great as 4.53 hours per day for the same patient. The researchers developed relational statements that made hours of care estimates equivalent for all systems studied. System differences can have a profound impact on nursing unit and department budgets, if not adjusted.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1991

Are managers compensated for hospital financial performance?

Management compensation in a sample of 213 nonprofit hospitals in Ontario, Canada, is examined. Management compensation is determined first and foremost by hospital size and teaching status. Results indicate only a weak relationship between management compensation and hospital financial performance.

Chief Executive Officers, Hospital↗
PubMed1990

Skeletal muscle fiber type, fiber size, and capillary supply in elite soccer players.

This study determined the fiber type composition, the fiber size, and the capillary characteristics of the vastus lateralis muscle in 11 young, elite, male soccer players and 8 sedentary male, age-matched controls. There were no significant differences (P less than 0.05) in the fiber type percentages and fiber diameter between the soccer players and controls; however, all fiber types tended to be larger in the soccer players. The soccer players possessed a greater capillary supply; this was characterized by a significantly greater mean number of capillaries surrounding each fiber (5.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.4), a significantly larger capillary density (282.7 +/- 42.0 vs. 220.8 +/- 38.1), and a significantly higher capillary to fiber ratio (2.2 +/- 0.6 vs 1.7 +/- 0.1). The results indicate that soccer may be an appropriate stimulus for simultaneous adaptation to endurance and high intensity exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Specific muscular development in under-18 soccer players.

A comparison of the under-18 (U-18) and under-16 (U-16) squads of the Canadian national soccer team with a representative sample of Canadians (Canada Fitness Survey, 1983) showed a tendency for the development or selection of the older players in teams of stature (U-18, 175.8 cm; U-16, 171.1 cm; CFS, 170.9 cm) and lean body mass (U-18, 63.4; U-16, 57.9; CFS, 54.2 kg). The larger lean mass of the older players could not be explained simply by size. The U-18s also showed greater isokinetic leg extension force (particularly for rapid movements) and explosive strength (vertical jump) relative to the younger players, although the knee extension force was less than in some classes of athlete. Part of the gain in mass seems due to local training of the hip and leg muscles and part to a more general muscular development. Contrary to some reports, the hip flexibility of the Canadian players (sit and reach test) was greater than for a national sample; this may be important in avoiding soft tissue injuries to the legs. However, aerobic power (58.3 +/- 5.3 ml kg-1 min-1) and body fat (8.0 +/- 1.1%) were unremarkable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Corporatization and deprivatization of health services in Canada.

Canada's system of health services has been shaped by the forces and values in the Canadian political, cultural, social, and economic environment; these forces continue to place constraints on future changes. We distinguish between "corporatization" and "privatization", and the implications of each for improved efficiency of the system. Although the organization of health services is, in certain provinces, undergoing significant structural changes, there is evidence that rather than privatizing, the system may actually be continuing to experience what we have termed deprivatization, as the scope of government involvement expands to include a more comprehensive definition of health care. Trends in Canada differ considerably from those in the United States; universal health insurance has curbed the ability and desire of institutions to exclude members of some socioeconomic groups from receiving care. U.S.-based models, if applied to Canada, could lead to both higher costs and lower quality of care. Considerable efficiencies can be realized within Canada's current system.

Canada↗
PubMed1986

Spinal loading during circuit weight-training and running.

Spinal shrinkage was used as an indicant of loading on the spine in circuit weight-training and running regimes. The loss of stature during two sets of a circuit of weight-training (n = 10), a 6 km run by novices (n = 9) and a 25 km run by trained runners (n = 7) was assessed in male subjects. Shrinkage was not significantly different between the weight-training regime and the 6 km run by novices, mean losses being 5.4 and 3.25 mm respectively. The rate of height loss in the experienced runners was 2.35 mm over 6 km run at 12.2 km.h-1, representing 0.4 mm.km-1 over the 6 km run, this shrinkage rate being continued over the last 19 km run at 14.7 km.h-1. The loss of height could not be predicted from a set of covariates. The magnitude of the circadian variation, mean 14.4 mm, exceeded the change in height during the 25 km run. The diurnal variation conformed to a cosine function, though a better fit was obtained with a power function equation. A marked diurnal pattern was also observed in lumbar extension. Though reversal of spinal shrinkage was observed during a night's sleep, no significant recovery occurred during a 20 min resting period immediately following the exercise regimes. These results have implications for the warm-up and timing of exercise regimes that impose significant loading on the spine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cross-validation of a patient classification procedure: an application of the U method.

The objective of this article is to present the methods used for the validation of a patient classification system that was based on the concept of types of care (PCTC system). The PCTC system was developed to improve placement decisions for long-term care patients and also to provide information required for planning in the field of long-term care. A sample of long-term care patients was selected from various institutions/programs and the patients in the sample were assessed and classified by the program practitioners (users) as well as an independent panel (criterion team) composed of a physician, a nurse, and a social worker, using prototype forms specially designed for the project. An objective and empiric classification model was developed by applying discriminant analysis, Bayesian classification procedure, and cluster analysis techniques. The classification validity was evaluated by the use of the R, H, and U methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A patient-classification system for long-term care.

A system for patient classification by types of care (referred to in this article as the PCTC system) was developed. The objectives of the system are to improve placement decisions for long-term care patients and to provide information that would be useful for planning and resource allocation in the long-term care field. The PCTC system attempts to resolve placement problems of long-term care patients based on patient care need and a system perspective. A conceptual model based on an assessment/classification/placement sequence is employed. Following a comprehensive assessment of patients' health states and their service requirements, types-of-care classification may be carried out through both subjective/normative and objective/empirical procedures. In an attempt to take into consideration the inherent uncertainty associated with classification procedures, the concept of a PCTC profile is introduced, and to use this profile for making rational placement decisions within environmental constraints, a patient-placement decision model is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Work environments of different types of nursing subunits.

Based upon organizational theory, the purpose of this research was to identify and describe similarities and differences in the work environments of nine different types of nursing subunits (intensive care, medical, surgical, psychiatric, auxiliary, rehabilitation, rural, paediatric and obstetrical) in hospitals. Six measures of nursing subunit environment were developed: these included measures of nursing subunit autonomy, and the complexity and pervasiveness of other medical and hospital groups interacting with the nursing subunit. Data were collected by questionnaire from headnurses in 157 nursing subunits located in 24 hospitals in Alberta, Canada. The results indicated that the types of nursing subunits were similar in their degree of autonomy from both physicians and administration in the larger context in which they were located but were significantly different in terms of number and heterogeneity of groups outside nurses with which they interacted and the extent to which such groups pervaded the subunits. For example, intensive care units appeared as the type of nursing subunit with the greatest need for interaction with physicians, paramedics, hotel services and so on, whereas, psychiatric subunits appeared to be the least dependent on groups outside nursing in the hospital. These findings have implications for the management practices and educational programme for nursing.

Alberta↗
PubMed1980

Differences in stress perceived by headnurses across nursing specialities in hospitals.

The main purpose for this research was to specify empirically the sources and frequency of stress experienced by headnurses working in different types of specialities in hospitals. Headnurses (n-153) from nine specialities: paediatrics, obstetrics, medicine, surgery, rural, auxiliary, psychiatry, rehabilitation and intensive care participated. Data were collected by a 21 item questionnaire. Findings suggested five types of stress for headnurses relating to their administrative role, type of patients, task ambiguity, staffing problems and physician contact. Headnurses from different specialities perceived these types of stress to occur with differing frequency.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗