PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Lebreton

Publications and source records attributed to P Lebreton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effects of copper, zinc and selenium status on performance and health in commercial dairy and beef herds: Retrospective study.

A retrospective study using analysis of plasma copper and zinc, and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase from 2 080 dairy and beef cow herds was conducted to evaluate the relationship between trace-element status and production, reproduction and health in cows and their calves. Classification of the herd status as deficient, marginal, low-adequate or high-adequate was based on the lower tercile of individual values. Odds ratios for each disorder in herds were calculated by multivariable stepwise logistic regression. Inadequate copper status was not associated with adult disorders, but was an important risk factor for poor calf performance or health. Selenium deficient status was associated with most studied disorders in cows, and both deficient and marginal herd status were strongly associated with poor health of calves, particularly with increased risks of myopathy and infectious diseases. Zinc insufficiency was strongly associated with low milk production and impaired locomotion in dairy herds, and was also associated with diarrhoea and poor growth in calves. Because a low-adequate status increased the risk of many disorders in adults and calves, we propose to classify herds as deficient and marginal when the lower terciles of plasma zinc concentration are below 12 and between 12 and 14 mumol/l respectively.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2002

Effects of copper supplementation on the copper status of peripartum beef cows and their calves.

The effects of copper supplementation on the copper status of 40 late-pregnant Aubrac beef cows grazing a copper-deficient pasture and later fed a marginally deficient diet were studied for five months. They were divided into four equal groups; the control group received no copper supplement, groups 1 and 2 received copper as copper sulphate at 10 and 30 mg/kg of diet dry matter (DM), respectively, for five months, and group 3 received 120 mg/kg of diet dry matter for 10 days. Plasma copper concentration and the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (eSOD) were measured at the beginning of the experiment, in the cows and calves during weeks 1 and 3 after calving, and in the calves before they were turned out to pasture at a mean (sd) age of 51 (26) days. In spite of the low dietary copper content (4.2 mg/kg of DM), the plasma copper concentration of the control cows increased during the winter. All the copper supplements resulted in normal and similar plasma copper concentrations in the cows after calving, but the concentration decreased slightly between weeks 1 and 3 after calving in the group supplemented for 10 days. The treatments did not affect the eSOD of the cows. The calves born to the four groups showed the same patterns of plasma copper and eSOD. Compared with the cows, the calves had low plasma copper concentrations at week 1 and values in the normal range at week 3; their eSOD was high at weeks 1 and 3 but decreased after week 3.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Discrimination and identification of coastal Douglas-fir clones using needle flavonoid fingerprints.

This paper describes a method for discriminating and identifying 10 successful Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) clones using foliar flavonoids. All the 101 individuals analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography contained two proanthocyanidins: prodelphinidin and procyanidin and six flavonols: myricetin, quercetin, larycitrin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and syringetin, but in different proportions. The experimental protocol used was very reproducible since the variation coefficients for each flavonoid did not exceed 9%. Submission of the flavonoid data to multivariate discriminant analysis allowed excellent discrimination of the 10 clones with 89% of the individuals being well-grouped. Then a clonal bank was established in which the fingerprint of each clone is defined by its position in the multidimensional space of the discriminant analysis. The clonal identity of several unknown individuals was determined with success by projecting their flavonoid data in a subsequent discriminant analysis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Effects of pre- or postpartum selenium supplementation on selenium status in beef cows and their calves.

The effect of Se supplementation before or after calving on Se status in deficient cows and their calves was studied using 72 beef cows in two experiments. In Exp. 1, cows calving in February or March 1997 were supplemented orally for 15 d in late pregnancy with 13.0, 32.5, or 45.5 mg of Se/d as sodium selenite. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were measured in red blood cells (RBC) or plasma of cows and calves at d 15 and between d 17 and 88 after calving. In Exp. 2, cows calving in January 1997 were supplemented orally with .0, 13.0, or 32.5 mg of Se/d for 15 d postpartum, and calves were injected with 1.38 mg of Se when 2 d old and at an average age of 49 d. The GSH-Px activities were measured in 30-d-old calves and in cows and calves between d 77 and 115 after calving. In both experiments, Se supplementation resulted in adequate Se status for the dams. The increase in RBC GSH-Px activity was faster with 45.5 mg of Se/d, and GSH-Px activities remained high for up to 98 d after the end of supplementation. The improvement in Se status in calves as a result of maternal supplementation was greater in Exp. 1 than in Exp. 2, suggesting that the placental transfer of Se is more efficient than milk transfer. Prepartum oral Se supplementation of deficient beef cows with 13.0 mg of Se/d for 15 d allowed adequate Se status of dams and calves, and 45.5 mg of Se/d resulted in a faster improvement of Se status. Parenteral administration of 1.38 mg of Se to newborn calves did not sustain normal Se status in calves issued from deficient cows.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1996

[Cardiac transplantation. Evaluation of a consecutive series of 75 grafts].

OBJECTIVES: The global results of various series of heart transplantation (HT) are essential to assess the life expectancy provided by this technique. Due to the increasing graft shortage, it appears essential to very strictly candidates for HT. METHODS: From March 8, 1989 to December 7, 1994, 75 orthotopic Hts were performed in 62 men and 12 women (1 case of retransplantation). The mean age was 47.46 +/- 15.02 years (range: 2.5-66 years). Four patients were younger than 10 years and 22 were older than 60 years. Our series included more cases of ischaemic heart disease (36) than dilated cardiomyopathies (33), with a history of cardiac surgery in almost one quarter (20) of patients with ischaemic heart disease. RESULTS: The immediate postoperative survival rate was 94.7% with 3 deaths attributable to refractory pulmonary hypertension associated with graft failure and one death related to postoperative tamponade. Five other patients died during the following 3 months, increasing the mean global survival to 88%. After a mean follow-up of 2.1 years (maximum 5.8 years), the actuarial 5-year survival rate was 56.8%. Eleven patients died between 4 and 38 months (mean: 18.2 months). Two deaths were due to cancers, 4 were due to septicaemia, another 4 were due to rejection and finally 1 was due to meningeal haemorrhage. The frequency (19) of reoperations for clot removal was due to the large number of patients with a history of previous heart surgery (20). CONCLUSION: Strict recipient selection, possibly based on 123I-MIBG scintigraphy, the use of pulsatile circulatory assistance systems, improved CMV, morphometry and donor-recipient age matching, should optimize the results of a technique, whose efficacy is confirmed in this series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Use of an antibioprophylaxis with pefloxacin and fosfomycin in cardiac surgery in patients with beta-lactam hypersensitivity].

An association of pefloxacin plus fosfomycin was used as antibioprophylaxis in beta lactam allergic patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiovascular-bypass. Pefloxacin (800 mg), was administered orally, one hour before anesthetic induction and fosfomycin (60 mg/kg) was injected at the time of induction. The whole course of prophylaxis wat 24 hours. Antibiotic concentrations were measured in serum before (P1, P2) during (C1, C2, C3, C4) and after cardiovascular-bypass (P3) and in bone, endocardiac and pleural tissues. The efficacy was evaluated on clinical and biological data. Antibiotic levels of pefloxacin were measured by HPLC and those of fosfomycin by bacteriological method. Antibiotic concentrations are high in blood and tissues, without evidence of cardiovascular-bypass influence. The tissue penetration of both drugs is excellent. Two patients have presented serious post-operative infections. The pharmacokinetic of pefloxacin associated with fosfomycin is appropriate during cardiovascular-bypass and the local antibiotic concentrations are above the MIC of the strains commonly responsible of post operative infections in cardiovascular surgery. The clinical efficacy of this prophylaxis must be studied in a large population of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Heart surgery in 2 previously pneumonectomized patients].

Two cases of cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass in previously pneumonectomized patients are reported. In one case a postoperative tension pneumothorax required an emergency drainage. No other complications occurred. The authors describe their technique and underline the value of an adequate pre-operative respiratory preparation and a systematic drainage of the pleural cavity.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Contribution of autologous blood transfusion in cardiac surgery in the adult].

The use of autologous blood transfusion in cardiac surgery is still controversial. This study was prospectively designed to evaluate the haemodynamic and haematological benefits of this method, with special attention to its impact on reducing bank blood requirements. Between November 1983 and October 1984, 160 patients underwent cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation and were randomly assigned to two groups: group I (81 patients) was the control group and group II (79 patients) received autologous transfusion following extracorporeal circulation. Blood was withdrawn immediately after the induction of anaesthesia via a jugular catheter and stored in CPD solution at room temperature. The volume of blood removed was replaced with gelatin solutions; after bypass, blood was returned to the patient. There was no difference in systolic, diastolic or mean blood pressures between the two groups. Right atrial pressure and heart rate were not statistically different in both groups. Myocardial perfusion and myocardial oxygen consumption remained unchanged in group II compared with group I. Complete haematological evaluation was carried out before and during bypass, and thereafter daily for the first twelve days of the postoperative period. There was no significative difference between the two groups in platelet counts, fibrinogen levels, prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times. During extracorporeal circulation, mean haematocrit was 22.9 +/- 0.4% in group II and 25.3 +/- 0.5% in group I (p less than 10(-3)). The mean haematocrit time course was similar in both groups during the postoperative period and returned to preoperative value at discharge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1987

[Antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery: 12-hour cefazolin versus 36-hour cefazolin].

A prospective randomized study was carried out to assess two protocols of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary by-pass. Each patient of the first group received four intravenous injections of 1 g cefazolin over a period of 12 h, whilst in the second group each one received twelve doses over a period of 36 h. Between May 1983 and April 1984, 159 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery entered the study. Those who underwent emergency surgery, or weighed less than 20 kg, or received antibiotics in the week before surgery, or had a previous history of anaphylaxis to cephalosporins were not included in the study. Both groups were similar in their distribution of age, weight, height, sex, past history of infectious disease, surgery and iatrogenic factors. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of minor infections and bacterial floral changes. There were no major infections either (septicaemia, mediastinitis, endocarditis). Temperature charts were the same on the first four days. The length of stay at hospital was the same in both groups. Since the efficacy of the two protocols in preventing major infections was the same, the authors recommend the short prophylaxis with cephazolin for cardiac surgery patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Complications of surgical treatment of interventricular communications in the infant].

Interventricular communication in the infant is presently treated by complete surgery under extracorporeal circulation and hypothermia. Improved techniques in surgery, anesthetics and resuscitation explain a low, acceptable, level of postoperative morbidity; it is estimated by most authors at 3-4% during the first six months of life. Postoperatively, acute pulmonary arterial hypertension is to be feared, resulting in low cardiocirculatory flow from right ventricle failure. In a group of 20 infants who underwent IVC surgery, the authors have observed two cases of this complication, one being lethal. Its treatment is based on the administration of alpha-blocking vasodilating agents, which can be associated or not with exogenous bêta I-adrenergic catecholamines. Results could probably be improved by preventing such acute postoperative pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Dobutamine↗
PubMed1986

[Preventive antibiotics in cardiac surgery: cefazolin versus cefamandole].

A prospective, randomized study was carried out to evaluate two antibiotic prophylactic regimens for patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Each patient of the first group (cefazolin) received four intravenous injections of 1 g cefazolin during 12 hours, patients of second (cefamandole), four doses of 750 mg. 155 patients scheduled for cardiac operation were included in the study. (May 1983 to April 1984). Patients were not admitted to the study in case of emergency, if their weight was less than 20 kg, if they had received antibiotics during the week before surgery or if they had a history of anaphylactic reactions to cephalosporins. There were no differences between the two groups on age, weight, height, sex, previous history of infectious disease, surgery and intensive care. There were no significant differences between the two groups in minor infections. The rate of urinary tract infection by streptococci was significatively higher (p less than 0.02) in the cefamandole group (38.3%) than in the cefazolin group (17.6%). There were no major infections (septicemia, mediastinitis, endocarditis). Patients temperature was the same during the first four postoperative days. Hospital stay was the similar in the two groups. The two antibiotics are similarly effective to prevent major infections in cardiac surgery. However cefazolin was preferred for antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery because of the higher rate of streptococcal urinary infections in patients given cefamandole.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Contribution of hemoconcentration in the recovery of residual blood from extracorporeal circulation circuits].

The effects of recuperation from the remaining pump circuit blood with restitution to the patient after hemoconcentration are studied in 80 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary by-pass. This population is randomized into two groups: group 1 of 41 patients represents the control group and is compared with the group 2 of 39 patients who undergo the post-by-pass hemoconcentration. The volume of restored blood is 669 +/- 14 ml with an hematocrit of 38 +/- 6,6% and the total protein concentration is 81,2 +/- 2 g.l-1. The heparin level is high (4,24 units.ml-i) and the perfusion of the hemoconcentrated blood must be preceded by a slow injection of 0,8 mg.kg-1 of protamine sulfate. The advantages of this method represent a saving of two homologous blood units (p less than or equal to 10(-4] and the post operative urine output is increased by 32% (p less than or equal to 0,05). No complication, particularly infectious, was observed in this study.

Aged↗