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Biomedical subjects

P Lederer

Publications and source records attributed to P Lederer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Mercury burden in humans caused by housing in formerly mirrored rooms].

42 persons aged from 3 to 70 years, who have lived in rooms with mercury pollution (mercury in the air 1-70 micrograms/m3), were examined clinically and by bio-monitoring (blood and urine). There was no evidence of macro-mercurialism. 2 persons showed reversible clinical signs of mercury intoxication. The correlation between mercury level of the indoor air and blood or urine is presented, the clinical findings and threshold values are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Rotavirus gastroenteritis in homes for the aged--a neglected problem?].

Two outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus in geriatric wards are reported. In one case an abrupt beginning among the elderly was seen, in a second case the outbreak was gradual. Rotavirus gastroenteritis is common among children. In elderly people this illness is less often recognised. In this report epidemiologic features, the methods of diagnosis, the management and prevention of rotavirus infections of geriatric patients are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

The effect of cisapride and metoclopramide on human digestive and interdigestive antroduodenal motility.

BACKGROUND: To date, there is little information available about the effect of cisapride and metoclopramide on gastroduodenal pressure waves and their space/time orientation. METHODS: Antroduodenal pressures (two antral, three duodenal recording sites) were measured in nine healthy volunteers. Cisapride (10 mg), metoclopramide (10 mg), and placebo were administered intravenously on different days in a randomized manner. RESULTS: During the interdigestive state cisapride increased the motility index significantly in the antrum (p < 0.05) and duodenum (p < 0.005), metoclopramide only in the duodenum (p < 0.01). Antroduodenal coordination was significantly (p < 0.01) improved by cisapride but not by metoclopramide. There is evidence of antroduodenal coordination even during the interdigestive state. After a liquid test meal an increase in the antroduodenal motility index (p < 0.05), in the rate of prograde antroduodenal peristalsis (p < 0.01), and in antroduodenal coordination (p < 0.01) was caused by cisapride but not metoclopramide. Both prokinetics decreased (p < 0.01) retrograde antroduodenal peristalsis. CONCLUSION: Cisapride significantly improves antroduodenal coordination and antroduodenal motility; metoclopramide seems to be less effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Myoelectric and manometric patterns of human rectosigmoid colon in irritable bowel syndrome and diverticulosis.

Rectosigmoid electric control activity and intraluminal pressure were measured in the fasting state and after a standard 3040-kJ meal in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients (n = 41), diverticulosis patients (n = 15), and healthy controls (n = 13). Analysis of myoelectric and motor patterns was performed computer-based with home-made software. Spectral analysis (fast Fourier transform) and computer recognition of slow waves emulating visual scoring showed very similar slow-wave frequency patterns in all three groups. Calculation of contractile indices displayed a widely scattered variable of motility in all three groups without significant differences. IBS subgroups with different bowel patterns showed very similar frequencies of basic myoelectric rhythm and a considerable overlap of contractile activity without significant differences among the subgroups and compared with controls. Slow-wave rhythm seems unlikely to be the basis of disturbed motility in IBS and diverticular disease. A specific pattern of contractile activity was not detectable in either condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the wall of the fluid-filled stomach--case report of a leiomyoblastoma.

Filling the stomach with fluid makes possible the ultrasonographic representation of its wall. As a supplement to endoscopy and radiology, the procedure is a suitable means of demonstrating and evaluating circumscribed and infiltrating submucosal processes in the stomach and proximal duodenum. The technique is described in the case of an 18-year-old female patient presenting with a leiomyoblastoma of the stomach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Antroduodenal coordination].

The function of the antro-duodenal segment depends on the spatial and temporal sequence of contractions. This process can be defined as antroduodenal coordination. There is no constantly increased pressure in the antro-duodenal transition zone. During the interdigestive phase a coordination of gastral and duodenal motility, gastric acid secretion and bile-flow into the duodenum can be demonstrated. During phase II of the interdigestive phase a pressure gradient, proximal and distal, is observed in the gastroduodenal transition zone with peak values in the pyloric and duodenal bulb area. Cisapride and metoclopramide stimulate antral and duodenal motility, cisapride causes a significant increase in gastroduodenal coordination.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Intragastric utilization of antacids following meals in relation to stomach emptying].

Gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying rate was measured using double marker method and continuous titration of a liquid peptone test meal. Titration rate was significantly reduced by 30 ml of an aluminiumhydroxide- and magnesiumhydroxide containing antacid compound (Maalox). Acidity of gastric contents was reduced over a period of 48.4 +/- 9.1 min (mean +/- SD; endpoint of titration pH 5.5) and 77.6 +/- 2.0 min (pH 3.5) (p less than 0.05). The histamine H2-receptor blocker Ranitidine (0.25 mg/kg b.w.) and the antimuscarinic agent Pirenzepine reduced titrable gastric acid secretion in a similar range, as far as the observation period of 90 min is concerned. Biosorbin MCT, a formula diet, stimulated gastric acid secretion half the amount of gastric acid secretion stimulated by the peptone meal. Gastric emptying rate was significantly reduced by formula diet, but not by either of the other compounds.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Irritable colon. Possibilities for an objective diagnosis and its value for the therapy].

Diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorders consists mainly in exclusion of organic diseases. A more positive diagnosis may be established by the identification of characteristic symptoms. Myography and manometry within the colon sigmoideum reveal significant patterns in irritable bowel patients, which also may allow control of therapy.

Colonic Diseases, Functional↗
PubMed1979

Increased duodenal alkali load associated with the interdigestive myoelectric complex.

In six healthy volunteers the interdigestive motor activity and the secretory pattern were recorded in the duodenum by open tip catheters and intraluminal titration, respectively. The duodenal part of the interdigestive myoelectric complex (IDMEC) was regularly associated with a significantly increased alkali load to the duodenum amounting to 2.4 +/- 0.4 mmol per IDMEC. Thus, the intestinal "housekeeper" function of the IDMEC may be brought about by a coupled action of propagated motility and flushing secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Wirsung's duct of the normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. A study by scanning and transmission electronmicroscopy (author's transl)].

There were 96 segments of the main pancreatic duct taken from 50 resected pancreasses studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (44 cases with chronic pancreatitis, 4 without alterated excretory parenchyma). While the surface of the normal Wirsung's duct was not uneven, in all cases of chronic pancreatitis various alterations of caliber and surface were seen. Changes of caliber are caused by either tapering or roundish vaults and wrinkles, changes of surface by smaller humps or recesses. The surface of the normal Wirsung's duct itself consisted of a homogenous layer of microvilli. In chronic pancreatits several changes of epithelium occurred: flattening with the loss of microvilli, highering and multilayering of the "Wirsungiocytes". By combining of the above-mentioned features, two different types of the main duct in chronic pancreatitis resulted. The importance of a smooth surface with a homogenous microvilli layer of the normal Wirsung's duct and the causes and consequences of changes of the normal Wirsung's duct and the causes and consequences of changes of caliber, surface, and epithelium in chronic pancreatitis are discussed.

Chronic Disease↗