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P Leichner

Publications and source records attributed to P Leichner.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Sex role ideology among physicians.

Physicians have been accused by some feminist writers of having traditional views on sex roles that make them part of society's oppressive power structure and therefore responsible in part for the high incidence of psychologic problems and drug dependency among women. To assess whether physicians' attitudes towards women are indeed polarized in a traditional fashion, a sex role ideology questionnaire was given to all practising physicians belonging to the Manitoba Medical Association. Overall the physicians were found to be more feminist than male college students and a group of women with traditional beliefs. Psychiatrists, who had the highest adjusted group mean score on a sex role ideology scale (high indicating feminist beliefs), were found to be significantly more feminist than family practitioners, surgeons, and obstetricians and gynecologists, although not more so than internists, radiologists, pediatricians and anesthesiologists. These findings do not support the assumption that physicians have traditional views that reflect those of society. However, the significant differences between specialties emphasize the need for educating physicians and medical students in the behaviour of women.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

The ATP 30-a scale for measuring medical students' attitudes to psychiatry.

The development and validation of a thirty item, Likert-type scale designed to measure medical students' attitudes to psychiatry-the ATP-30 (Attitudes Toward Psychiatry-30 items)-are described. We had hoped to demonstrate that 'attitude to psychiatry' was not a unitary matter but an amalgam of attitudes to a number of things to do with psychiatric practice. This hope was not fulfilled, as a unitary dimension was obtained. A positive change in the attitudes of students toward psychiatry was demonstrated in third and fourth medical year students in relation to exposure to psychiatry. Such a change was not demonstrable in two classes of occupational therapy students exposed to a course in psychiatry. The reasons for this difference between medical students and occupational therapy students are discussed-there possibly being important implications here for psychiatric curriculum planning in medical school. Lastly, we have demonstrated that the positive change in attitudes amongst medical students was transient rather than lasting-a matter which most studies of attitude change do not address. In spite of the apparent impermanence of the positive change in attitudes among medical students, there are a number of possible used to a scale such as the ATP-30, and these are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

The certification examination: opinions of royal college examiners.

There has been increasing concern among candidates and psychiatrists regarding the Canadian written and oral certification examinations. Views of candidates and psychiatrists have been obtained. The results presented in this survey were obtained through a questionnaire that was completed by 64 past and present Royal College examiners. General support for the establishment of guidelines for the selection of examiners, for increased emphasis on the use of in-training evaluations and for the need of clear operational criteria for examiners and candidates was voiced. Finally, the evaluation model that most responding examiners favoured included re-introducing one part essay into the written examination. Overall, although finding it exhausting, most examiners enjoy examining and are satisfied with the present system. Recommendations concerning improvements to the present system are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Psychiatric manpower in Canada-The 1980 surveys.

The estimation of manpower needs is a complex endeavour due to the multiplicity of variables involved. Part I of this report presents national and interprovincial comparisons of demographic and practice data collected through a questionnaire survey of 1089 psychiatrists listed in the provincial specialists registers (i.e. 51.6% response rate). Of our respondents, 57.9% practice in urban areas of 500,000 inhabitants or more; the male-female ratio is 9 to 1; 37.9% are foreign medical graduates; and 98.5% of the specialists are exam qualified. General adult psychiatry accounts for 57.6% of the time spent in clinical practice and the total professional week is estimated to be 48.9 hours. The experience gathered towards the design of a monitoring system, the significance of the psychiatrist-to-population ratio, the comparison of our data with other manpower studies and a review of recruitment variables conclude the report.

Adolescent Psychiatry↗
PubMed1981

Sex-role ideology among practicing psychiatrists and psychiatric residents.

The authors distributed a sex-role ideology questionnaire to practicing psychiatrists, psychiatric residents, university students, and groups of traditional and feminist women. Psychiatrists and psychiatric residents as a group were significantly more feminist in their ideology than university students and the traditional women's group but were less feminist than a group of feminist women. There were no differences between practicing psychiatrists and psychiatric residents. Overall, women were more feminist than men and increasing age was found to be associated with increasingly traditional ideology. These findings challenge the view that psychiatrists as a group have traditional views that make them part of a traditional medical power structure.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Continuing medical education: viewpoints of Canadian psychiatric residents.

Continuing Medical Education (CME), relicensure and recertification are controversial issues for physicians today. The viewpoints of 142 Canadian psychiatric residents from 12 training centres across Canada were surveyed. The majority (73%) of the residents did not think that CME would pose a problem for them after certification. In fact, a large majority (77%) felt CME should be required after certification. Close to half of the residents favoured monitoring of CME by the Canadian Psychiatric Association. In contrast to these results, few favoured mandatory recertification. A formal relicensure examination was strongly repudiated. Individual reading and self-assessments as well as clinically oriented courses and workshops were the favoured methods of CME. Our recommendations arising from this survey are threefold. CME should remain a voluntary activity. The Canadian Psychiatric Association should be the monitoring body for CME for psychiatrists, and finally, individual readings and self-assessments should be used increasingly in providing CME.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1980

Results of the first Canadian psychiatric knowledge self-assessment for residents.

Two 150 multiple choice question examinations in Psychiatry were taken on a voluntary basis by 150 Canadian residents. The goals of these examinations were to promote skills and interest in self-education, provide detailed feedback to the participants, and to study various parameters which might be related to performance. The residents' self-assessments prior to the examinations, their year of residency training and age were significant predictors of performance. Being male and having enough time to study were also related to high scores. The methods of instruction as well as the studying variables were not related significantly to performance. These findings highlight the importance of self-assessments in the process of evaluation and of listening to residents' self-evaluations and requests for time to study. Increasing the number of self-assessment exercises and clarifying the knowledge requirements for the certification examination are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Use of isotopic immunoglobulin in therapy.

Antibodies raised in heterologous species against tumor-associated antigens such as ferritin and carcinoembryonic antigen may be utilized in diagnostic scanning and in cancer therapy. The radiolabeled (131I) antibodies have a mean effective half-life of 3 days. The tumor-bearing regions retain activity which was associated with objective evidence of remission in primary hepatic cancers. Major organ toxicity was not apparent in eight of nine patients treated with radioactive antibody. Objective evidence of clinical remission was documented by computer-assisted axial tomography scan remission in sequential studies that determine residual tumor in the same planar cuts. Future possible improvements in radioimmunoglobulin are discussed in light of the clinical findings.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1979

Teaching interviewing skills by encountering patients.

First-year psychiatric residents were observed to lack many interviewing skills considered to be necessary for both physicians and psychiatrists. A method of teaching the skills in a group setting with live patients was constructed. The essential feature of the method is the total direction of attention to the process of interviewing as opposed to the content of the interview. Segments of videotaped interviews of the residents taken before and after the seminar series were rated by examiners who did not know the residents. In addition, participants reported a number of features about this seminar which helped them to improve their interviewing skills. The research results supported the self-report changes, demonstrating that each resident improved on the qualities measured as empathy, congruence, and level of regard.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of oral and intravenous methylphenidate.

Oral methylphenidate (1.0 mg/kg) and intravenous methylphenidate (0.5 mg/kg) were compared as to their ability to increase behavioral activation, pulse, blood pressure, and serum growth hormone. Intravenous methylphenidate was considerably more effective than oral methylphenidate in activating behavior and in increasing pulse and blood pressure. Although oral methylphenidate appeared to increase behavioral activation, this effect was not statistically significant.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Methylphenidate and serum prolactin in man.

Methylphenidate induces psychostimulation and increases cardiovascular parameters, and its psychostimulant effects have been proposed to occur via a dopaminergic mechanism. The effect of methylphenidate on serum prolactin was utilized as a method of evaluating methylphenidate's central dopamimergic effects. Methylphenidate was not found to exhibit a consistent effect on serum prolactin. Thus, its effect on serum prolactin does not parallel its behavioral activating properties, suggesting that such activation may not involve dopamine. Possibly, norepinephrine or other noncatecholaminergic neurotransmitters are involved in methylphenidate-induced behavioral activation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effect of methylphenidate on serum growth hormone: influence of antipsychotic drugs and diagnosis.

Intravenously administered methylphenidate, 0.5 mg/kg, causes a consistent rise in human serum growth hormone level, with peak values usually occurring 30 minutes after infusion. This rise is attenuated in patients receiving various antipsychotic medications administered on a long-term basis and is decreased in schizophrenic and drug-dependent patients. Methylphenidate causes increases in talkativeness, blood pressure, and pulse that generally parallel increases in serum growth hormone level. However, in contrast to the methylphenidate-induced rise in serum growth hormone level, methylphenidate-induced changes in cardiovascular variables and talkativeness are not altered by antipsychotic medications or diagnostic classification.

Adjustment Disorders↗