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Biomedical subjects

P Lenoir

Publications and source records attributed to P Lenoir.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis and autism].

Tuberous sclerosis is often associated with developmental and behavioural disorders including typical or partial autistic syndrome. However, it may be difficult to recognize tuberous sclerosis behind an infantile autism during the early stages of the disease. Therefore, tuberous sclerosis must be regularly looked for on the basis of its major and minor criteria in any cases of infantile autism. The child psychiatrist is preferentially involved in the management of the various aspects of this association, ie, behavioural or character disorders, difficulties in social relationships and communication, mental retardation, feeding disorders, and psychological consequences for the families. The support provided may be complemented by that offered by the Association for Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1995

Autism and genetics: clinical approach and association study with two markers of HRAS gene.

Twin studies and familial aggregation studies indicate that genetic factors could play a role in infantile autism. In an earlier study, we identified a possible positive association between autism and a c-Harvey-ras (HRAS) oncogene marker at the 3' end of the coding region. In an attempt to confirm this finding, we studied a larger population, well-characterized clinically and genetically. We report a positive association between autism and two HRAS markers, the 3' marker used in the initial study and an additional marker in exon 1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological evaluation of pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline derivatives: potent histamine and platelet activating factor antagonism and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory properties. Potential therapeutic application in asthma.

A series of pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo activities against histamine, platelet activating factor (PAF), and leukotrienes which are recognized to be of importance in asthma. The structure-activity relationship studies have shown that the optimum moiety on the 1-position of the pyrroloquinoline nucleus is a 2-[4-(4-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl chain in conjunction with a methyl group on the 2-position for potent antagonism of both histamine and PAF. The introduction of substituents on the 8- and 4-positions was also investigated in order to increase the potency of 5-lipoxygenase inhibition while retaining or improving the activities against histamine and PAF. This series is exemplified by 4-n-butyl-5,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- [2-[4-(4-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1- ij]quinoline (24, KC 11404) which was found to be active against all three of the selected mediators. Compound 24 was found to be orally active in guinea pig models against the histaminic phase of antigen-induced bronchospasm and PAF-induced bronchoconstriction (ED50 = 1.9 and 2.1 mumol/kg, respectively). When tested against the leukotriene-dependent phase of the antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, compound 24 showed the same potency as zileuton.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Tuberculous peritonitis in an adolescent male.

OBJECTIVE: To report the use of a new diagnostic approach in children with tuberculous peritonitis. PATIENT: A 14-year-old boy with tuberculous peritonitis. RESULTS: None of the new diagnostic techniques helped us to make our diagnosis. CONCLUSION: More experience of using the new diagnostic techniques will be necessary before they supersede invasive procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Blind ratings of early symptoms of autism based upon family home movies.

Ratings of family home movies of 12 infants (0 to 2 years old) who were later diagnosed as autistic and 12 normal infants were performed by two diagnosis-blind psychiatrists with Infant Behavior Summarized Evaluation scale. The objective was to identify early symptoms of autism and their intensity and frequency before and after 1 year of age. Several pathological types of behavior related to socialization, communication, motility, and attention were noted during the first year of infant life and differentiated autistic and normal groups. These same differentiating behaviors, observed again in the second year, were more intense and associated with other pathological types of behavior, in particular, gaze avoidance, hypoactivity, and absence of emotional expressions. Analysis of the evolution of behavioral pathology in autistic children as a group during the 2 first years of life confirms the persistence of and the increase in some types of abnormality related to socialization, communication, motility, and attention functions. The limitations and values of this study concerning the early identification of autistic symptoms and functional impairments from home movies for diagnosis and establishing individualized treatment program are discussed.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1993

[Childhood autism: a relating deficiency due to a developmental disorder of the central nervous system].

Childhood autism with its difficulties in relating to others has been for a long time imputed to conscious or unconscious educative errors of the mother. Clinical and biological data can be opposed to this conception. Familial movies analysis exhibits early disorders in attention, perception, intention, limitation and muscular tone. Later, recording of cerebral reactivity to auditory stimulations confirms deficiencies in attention, perception, association ... and shows a diminution of the responses in the left hemisphere. Abnormalities in the development of the cerebellum are also described. Modifications of main neurotransmitters as Dopamine and Serotonin and their derivatives are often present. A recent study of the genes which control enzymes regulating metabolism of these transmitters does not show evident modifications by polymorphism analysis. On the contrary a peculiarity in the Harvey-RAS gene allows to differentiate in a significant way an autistic and a normal group. This gene is involved in the regulation of growth factor and/or differentiation of neural cells. These observations support the hypothesis considering autism as a relating deficiency due to a developmental disorder of central nervous system.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1993

[Technetium 99m labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (99m Tc-DMSA) scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow-up of urinary infections in children].

BACKGROUND: The site of a urinary tract infection (UTI) is located by clinical findings plus imaging techniques. Renal imaging with technetium 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) has shown promise but its efficacy for detecting acute pyelonephritis is still debated as is its ability to differentiate between acute, potentially curable disease and scarring, definitive changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The files of all the 166 patients that underwent one or two (32 patients) 99mTc-DMSA imaging sessions for UTI in 1989 and 1990 in our department were analysed. The results of this technique were compared with the clinical and laboratory data and with those of other imaging techniques (ultrasonography and retrograde voiding cystourethrogram). The patients (92 girls and 74 boys, mean age: 5 years, range 15 days-17 years) were assigned to one of 3 categories: 1) acute pyelonephritis (27 patients), 2) low UTI (60 patients) and 3) uncertain UTI (79 patients), on the basis of the clinical and laboratory data. RESULTS: The first 99mTc-DMSA imaging was normal in 110 children; changes were unilateral in 45 and bilateral in 11 children. Images suggesting either acute or chronic changes were observed respectively in 19 and 48 children. 4 of the 7 acute changes were normalized on the second radioisotope scanning while 2 became worse; 19 of the 23 chronic changes were unchanged at the second scanning. Radioisotope scanning changes were seen in 81% of the patients classified as acute pyelonephritis and in only 27% of those with lower UTI. Reflux was detected in 56% of abnormal kidneys and in 36% of normal kidneys. The results of radioisotope scanning and ultrasound scan findings were not correlated in 24 patients (19 only abnormal radioisotope imaging, 5 only abnormal ultrasound scan). CONCLUSIONS: DMSA scans are useful for investigating and following UTI. They help to distinguish acute pyelonephritis and lower UTI. It is a reliable method of detecting structural abnormalities and identifying children at risk of progressive renal damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Validity and reliability of the infant behavioral summarized evaluation (IBSE): a rating scale for the assessment of young children with autism and developmental disorders.

The Infant Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (IBSE) is a rating scale adapted from the Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (BSE) and specifically related to the assessment of behaviors of young children having autistic disorders. Content validity and reliability studies described in the paper were made from behavior ratings of videotapes for 89 children aged from 6 to 48 months. Results show a significant group of 19 items including some characteristic early autistic behaviors (communicative and social abnormalities) and some that are less commonly described in the syndrome (attentional, perceptive, and adaptive disorders). The value of the use of this scale for clinicians and professionals involved in behavioral evaluations and treatment of young children with developmental disorders and the necessity for further psychometric investigations are discussed.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1992

Changes in respiratory muscle activity in conscious cats during experimental dives at 101 ATA.

The rationale for the present study was to test the hypothesis that increased work of breathing during experimental deep diving may lead to respiratory muscle fatigue. For this purpose, electromyograms (EMGs) of respiratory and skeletal muscles, plus electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram (EEG) derivatives, were continuously recorded in conscious cats. In each muscle group, the ratio of power in a high (H) to that in a low (L) band of EMG frequencies was computed. Direct diaphragmatic stimulation in selected animals produced a mass action potential to obtain the muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV). The maximal pressure was 101 ATA (1,000 msw) with a maximal duration of 72 h. Four cats breathed an He-O2 mixture and five others a ternary mixture (10% N2 in He-O2). Inspired O2 partial pressure was 350 Torr. With the He-O2 mixture, all the animals died within 2-54 h during the study at maximal depth. EEG signs of high-pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS) were present in all cats, and low-frequency (11-14 Hz) hyperbaric tremor discontinuously contaminated all EMG tracings. The H/L ratio computed from diaphragmatic and intercostal muscle EMGs increased after 12 h at 101 ATA. With the He-N2-O2 mixture, the cats survived until the end of the sojourn at 101 ATA, during which no hyperbaric tremor was detected from EMG tracings, and EEG signs of HPNS were weak or absent. From 31 ATA, the H/L ratio decreased significantly in respiratory but not in skeletal muscles; this was associated with decreased MFCV in the diaphragm after several hours at maximal depth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Diaphragmatic fatigue produced by constant or modulated electric currents.

In anesthetized rabbits the efficiency of phrenic nerve stimulation with trains of electric current was studied either when ventilation was effected entirely by bilateral nerve stimulation (electrophrenic ventilation) or during unilateral nerve stimulation when animals were ventilated with a pump and open chest. Trains of rectangular electric pulses (RPT) with constant amplitude and frequency or sine waves, both the amplitude and frequency of which were modulated and controlled by a computer (MSWT), were used with each animal. MSWT closely reproduced the physiological shape of transdiaphragmatic pressure waves. Diaphragm fatigue, as determined from the decrease in the maximal relaxation rate of twitches, occurred after 20 minutes of bilateral or unilateral nerve stimulation with RPT, but only after 60 min (unilateral stimulation) or 98 min (bilateral stimulation) with MSWT. These data show the importance of the motor signal pattern in long-lasting nerve stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Nonsurgical intervention in the resolution of acquired neonatal bronchial stenosis.

A stricture of the right main bronchus developed in an 1100 gm premature (first delivered twin female) infant being mechanically ventilated for approximately 1 month. The stricture resolved with treatment consisting of three consecutive daily obturations with angiocatheters avoiding the use of a balloon inflation technique provoking a local dilation. The catheters were placed with a guide wire under fluoroscopic control. The clinical protocol advanced for the dilation of acquired bronchial stenosis was well tolerated by the patient. A 9-month clinical radiologic review confirmed normal pulmonary structures and functions. Catheter dilation is described as a new technique for treatment of bronchial stenosis in the very small infant.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1990

Unusual Tc-99m MDP and I-123 MIBG images in focal pyelonephritis.

A 6-year-old boy presented with an inflammatory syndrome. Because Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy revealed increased tracer uptake at the upper pole of the right kidney, further studies were oriented towards a diagnosis of renal or adrenal pathology. I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) accumulated at the site of the abnormal MDP uptake. The diagnosis of neuroblastoma or allied disorder was excluded on the basis of other investigations and further evaluation, suggesting that the MIBG uptake was a false-positive. Findings on clinical imaging, laboratory findings, Tc-99m DMSA imaging, sonography, and CT scanning were highly suggestive of acute focal pyelonephritis.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1990

[Critical study of efficiency and toxicity of transcutaneous trinitrin in infants and children].

The local effects of transcutaneous application of trinitrine in order to facilitate access to the peripheral veins, were evaluated in a double blind study of 23 infants aged 3 weeks to 10 years. The results were extremely discouraging. Indeed, no relationship between the venous distension and the local trinitrine concentration was observed. Despite the use of various concentrations, no patient presented local or haemodynamic changes. The application of a percutaneous dose of trinitrine at the site of puncture seems to be an inefficient method to facilitate access to the peripheral veins in the pediatric age group.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1990

Electromyographic study of respiratory muscles during human diving at 46 ATA.

Electromyographic (EMG) recordings of the 6th to 7th intercostal space (thoracic EMG) and abdominal muscles, ventilatory pattern, and the work of breathing were studied in 4 human subjects exposed for 12 days to 46 ATA of helium-oxygen (density = 8.7 g.liter-1) then of nitrogen-helium-oxygen gas mixture (ternary mixture) (density = 11.1 g.liter-1). We found that the respiratory muscle work necessary for eupneic ventilation was multiplied by 4 at 46 ATA. During quiet breathing as well as during forced inspiratory maneuvers, the power spectrum of thoracic EMG shifted to the left in three individuals during the sojourn at maximal pressure, whichever gas mixture was inhaled. This was corroborated by the decreased ratio of EMG power in a high to that in a low band of frequencies. These alterations disappeared at the end of the decompression period, suggesting the existence of inspiratory muscle fatigue at high pressure. Hyperbaric tremor was recorded on the thoracic EMG and was maximal with He-O2 inhalation. It disappeared at the end of the period at 46 ATA (He-N2-O2).

Adult↗