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Biomedical subjects

P Lin

Publications and source records attributed to P Lin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Association of mild acetabular dysplasia with an increased risk of incident hip osteoarthritis in elderly white women: the study of osteoporotic fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if acetabular dysplasia increases the risk of incident hip osteoarthritis (OA) among elderly white women. METHODS: Baseline and followup anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were obtained a mean of 8 years apart, and read for individual radiographic features (IRFs) of hip OA; summary grades (0-4) were then assigned based on the IRFs present. Acetabular dysplasia was defined by the results of measurements of the acetabular depth (<9 mm) or the center-edge angle (<30 degrees). Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between acetabular dysplasia and incident hip OA, and all analyses were adjusted for age, current weight, body mass index, affected side, and investigational site. RESULTS: The odds ratios for the association of abnormal center-edge angle and acetabular dysplasia with incident hip OA were 3.3 (95% confidence interval 1.1-10.1) and 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.0-7.9), respectively. CONCLUSION: Acetabular dysplasia, defined by a decrease in the center-edge angle, is associated with a modestly increased risk of incident hip OA in elderly white women.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2000

Development and validation of a sensitive method for hydromorphone in human plasma by normal phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) was developed for the quantitation of hydromorphone (HYD), an opiate analgesic, in human plasma. A simple liquid-liquid extraction was used to extract the analyte and its deuterated internal standard (d3-HYD). Chromatographic separation of hydromorphone from its metabolite hydromorphone-3-glucuronide (H3G) was necessary because of the significant H3G fragmentation to HYD before Ql of the mass spectrometer, which could result in false detection as HYD in the multiple reaction mode (MRM). This separation was achieved using a 50 x 2 mm, I.D. silica column (5 microm) and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water formic acid (80:20:1, v/v/v). The method was validated in the concentration range 0.05-10 ng ml(-1) in plasma and met the acceptance criteria of industry guidelines for accuracy, precision, and stability.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed2000

Cactin, a conserved protein that interacts with the Drosophila IkappaB protein cactus and modulates its function.

Rel transcription factors function in flies and vertebrates in immunity and development. Although Rel proteins regulate diverse processes, the control of their function is conserved. In a two-hybrid screen for additional components of the pathway using the Drosophila I-kappaB protein Cactus as a bait, we isolated a novel coiled-coil protein with N-terminal Arg-Asp (RD)- like motifs that we call Cactin. Like the other components of this pathway, Cactin is evolutionarily conserved. Over-expression of cactin in a cactus(A2) heterozygous background results in the enhancement of the cactus phenotype. Both the embryonic lethality and ventralization are strongly increased, suggesting that cactin functions in the Rel pathway controlling the formation of dorsal-ventral embryonic polarity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

DNA adduct level in lung tissue may act as a risk biomarker of lung cancer.

Lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality in Taiwan. We hypothesised that high susceptibility to DNA damage in the target organ acts as a risk biomarker for the development of lung cancer. To verify this hypothesis, the aromatic/hydrophobic DNA adduct levels of non-tumorous adjacent lung tissues from 73 primary lung cancer patients and 33 non-cancer controls were evaluated by 32P-postlabelling assay. Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that DNA adduct levels in lung cancer patients (49.58+/-33.39 adducts/10(8) nucleotides) were significantly higher than those in non-cancer controls (18.00+/-15.33 adducts/10(8) nucleotides, P<0.001). The DNA adduct levels among lung cancer and non-cancer samples were not influenced by smoking behaviour and cigarette consumption. Our data also showed that the polymorphisms of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) Msp1, glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and the combination of both genetic polymorphisms were not related to the DNA adduct levels. Interestingly, positive association between CYP1A1 protein expression and DNA adduct levels was found when CYP1A1 protein expression in lung specimens from lung cancer patients was examined by immunohistochemistry. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that the DNA adduct level was not associated with gender, smoking behaviour, or genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTM1. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that persons with high DNA adduct levels (>48.66 adducts/10(8) nucleotides) had an approximately 25-fold risk of lung cancer compared with persons with low DNA adduct levels (</=48.66 adducts/10(8) nucleotides). In conclusion, DNA adduct levels in lung tissue may be a more reliable lung cancer susceptibility biomarker than DNA adduct levels in leucocytes. In addition, higher susceptibility to DNA damage in lung cancer patients may partly play a role in the development of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Association of CYP1A1 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase polymorphisms with lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancers in Taiwan. Although the etiology of lung cancer has yet to be defined, genetic variability in activities of metabolic enzymes has been correlated with lung cancer. In the present study, the possibility of association of CYP1A1 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (HYL1) genetic polymorphisms with lung cancer was examined among 132 lung cancer patients and 259 controls in Taiwan. No significant association was observed for either CYP1A1 or HYL1 polymorphism alone and the overall incidence of lung cancer after adjusting for age, gender and smoking status. When cases were stratified according to histological type, there was significant association between CYP1A1*2A homozygote and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (odds ratio (OR) 2.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-6.12). Similarly, the proportion of HYL1 genotypes corresponding to high or normal enzyme activities was higher in SCC than in controls (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.04-3.70). A combination of susceptible CYP1A1 and HYL1 genotypes was found to be highly associated with lung cancer, especially with SCC (OR 6.76; 95% CI 2.29-19.10). Our results suggest that the combination of CYP1A1 and HYL1 polymorphisms is an important risk factor for lung SCC.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma: a predominantly extranodal tumor with low propensity for leukemic involvement.

Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LBL) is uncommon and accounts for less than 10% of cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma. We collected 25 cases of B-LBL, occurring in children and adults, and report the clinical and histologic features. Patients with concurrent precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) or a history thereof were excluded. There was no evidence of bone marrow disease at the time of diagnosis in 23 patients; two patients had focal (<5%) involvement. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed in all cases using flow cytometry or immunohistochemical methods. The treatment and survival data available for a subset of patients with B-LBL were compared with those from a series of patients with B-ALL at our institution. The median age was 20 years (range, 5-68 yrs); 22 (88%) patients were younger than 35 years of age. There were 17 males and 8 females. The primary sites of disease were skin (nine cases), bones (five cases), soft tissue (four cases), lymph nodes, (three cases), breast (two cases), stomach and colon (one case), and mediastinum (one case). Clinical stage was stage I in 13 cases, stage II in seven cases, stage III in three cases, and stage IV in two cases. Histologically, each neoplasm was diffuse and composed of small to medium-sized lymphoid cells with blastic nuclear chromatin and a high mitotic rate. All cases were positive for B-cell antigens and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Thirteen (76.4%) of 17 cases analyzed were positive for CD10 and 13 (54.1%) of 24 cases assessed were positive for CD20. Of 14 patients with available survival data, all achieved complete clinical response after combination chemotherapy (13 patients) or surgical excision followed by local irradiation (one patient). Five (35.7%) patients subsequently relapsed, including the patient who had received only irradiation, and four of these patients died after a median survival time of 60 months. None of the patients had leukemia, although one patient developed extensive bone marrow involvement. Nine patients remained in complete remission and were alive at the last follow up (range, 6-144 months). Unlike precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, which commonly involves lymph nodes and the mediastinum, B-LBL usually involves extranodal sites, most often the skin, and rarely presents as a mediastinal mass. With aggressive chemotherapy, patients with precursor B-LBL rarely develop leukemia and appear to have a better prognosis than do patients with B-ALL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Fluorine-18 FDG dual-head gamma camera coincidence imaging of radiation pneumonitis.

A 69-year-old man with inoperable stage I squamous cell carcinoma of the lung underwent a radical course of radiotherapy combined with platinum-based chemotherapy. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging with a dual-head coincidence gamma camera system (Co-PET) diagnosed radiation pneumonitis 1 month after completion of radiotherapy, when the clinical and radiographic signs were atypical and more suggestive of carcinomatous lymphangitis. Treatment with oral steroids was begun based on FDG scan findings, with prompt clinical benefit as would be expected for radiation pneumonitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Impact of salinity on accumulation of several metal elements in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings and Ca effect].

The contents of K, Ca, Na and Mg in different organs of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings cultured in sand bases with solutions of 400 mmol.L-1 NaCl and different concentrations of CaCl2 were determined. In the treatment of 400 mmol.L-1 NaCl, Na was largely accumulated in organs, which caused the decrease of K/Na and Ca/Na, and decreased dry matter accumulation in seedlings. Supplemental CaCl2 decreased the accumulation of Na in seedlings, increased the rations of K/Na and Ca/Na and the accumulation of dry matter, and thereby, mitigated salt stress. The suitable concentration of CaCl2 was 10-15 mmol.L-1. It was concluded that B. gymnorrhiza seedlings cultured at high salinity accumulated more metal ions, which enhanced osmotic adjustment of plants, and kept highly selective absorption of K/Na. These characteristics are the main physiological mechanisms of the adaptation of B. gymnorrhiza to high salinity in estuary and coast, while suitable Ca/Na in soil is one of the important causes that B. gymnorrhiza can survive and regenerate in high salinity coast.

Calcium↗
PubMed2000

[Caloric values and ash contents of some mangrove woods].

The caloric values and ash contents of some mangrove woods in Dongzhai Harbor Mangrove Forest Reserve of Hainan Province were determined in Summer, and the changes of the caloric value of Kandelia candel woods at different latitudes were studied. The ash content of mangrove woods was low, ranging from 2.43% to 5.17%; and their gross and ash-free caloric values ranged from 17.23 kJ.g-1 to 19.21 kJ.g-1 and from 17.70 kJ.g-1 to 20.10 kJ.g-1, respectively. Sonneratia apetala wood had the lowest gross and ash-free caloric values. The caloric value of Kandelia candel wood decreased with increasing latitude in Summer.

Hot Temperature↗
PubMed2000

Adjuvant chemotherapy following radical surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized study on 70 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Seventy patients with NSCLC (stages I-III) undergoing radical surgery were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (n = 35): combination group, which received adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2, adriamycin 50 mg/m2, and lomustine 50 mg/m2 on day 1, and cisplatin 20 mg/m2 on days 1-5. The treatment was repeated every 4-6 weeks for 4 cycles, followed by oral administration of ftorafur (FT-207) 600-900 mg/d for 1 year. Group 2 (n = 35): surgery group, which received surgical treatment only. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 48.6% in the combination group versus 31.4% in the surgery group, and difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (chi 2 = 3.09, P > 0.05). The 5-year survival rate for patients with stage III disease was 44% and 20.8% in the combination and surgery groups, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference (chi 2 = 5.28, P < 0.025). The 5-year survival rates of patients in stages I-II in the two groups were 60.0% and 54.5%, respectively, and were not significantly different (chi 2 = 0.03, P > 0.75). CONCLUSION: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy provides statistically significant improvement in the 5-year survival rate only in patients with stage III NSCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[CO2 laser-microscopy technique in treating tumors near the sella turcica].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the laser-microscopy technique in dealing with tumors near the sella turcica. METHODS: Sixteen patients with tumors near the sella turcica who had been treated surgically by laser-microscopy technique from October 1996 to June 1998 in Haikou municipal hospital were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In these patients, 11 patients had tumors bodies excised totally, and 5 had tumors bodies excised partially. All of then were followed up for 4 to 30 months. The curative effects were satisfactory. In 9 patients with defect in vision before operation, 6 showed obvious improvement, 2 moderate improvement, and 1 unmarked improvement. In 6 patients with endocrinopathy before operation, 4 returned to normal, and 2 showed improvement. In 4 patients with intracranial hypertension before operation, symptoms were retrieved. Only one patient who had diabetes insipidus after operation, and recovered after medication. CONCLUSIONS: CO(2) laser-microscopy technique the treatment of tumors near the sella turcica is advantageous: few accidental injuries because of its high-accuracy; less harassment to the hypophysis and subthalamus; less complication; small exposure of operative field; less bleeding and clear operative field; no stimulation of metastasis of carcinoma;and no interference of bioelectric current.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human esophageal biopsies from carcinoma and precancerous lesions].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in esophageal carcinogenesis. METHODS: iNOS expressions in normal epithelial cells(NC), hyperplastic cells(HC), atypical hyperplastic cells(AHC) from grade I to III, carcinoma in situ(CIS), squamous cell carcinoma(SCC), and adenocarcinoma(ADC) were detected with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The positive rates of immunohistochemistry staining was 0 for NC, 2.5% for HC, 4.0%, 7.5% and 2.5% for AHC grade I to III respectively, 1.4% for CIS, 8.5% for SCC and 71.4% for ADC. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high expression of iNOS in human esophageal adenocarcinomas. Frequent expression of iNOS may be a potential event in ADC carcinogenesis. There is no correlation between iNOS and SCC carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[A new chemiluminescence immunoassay method for the determination of cancer embryo antigen].

A new chemiluminescent probe 10,10'-dimethyl-3,3'-disulfo-9,9'-biacridine DMDSBA) is used to label anti-CEA antibody, the molar incorporation is 1.15-1.32 mole of DMDSBA per mol anti-CEA; the conditions of labeling reaction, sandwich immunoassay and chemiluminescent reaction are studied. Moreover, a new double antibody sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay is firstly established, the linear calibration ranges is 1.5-150.0 ng.mL-1 and the detection limit is 0.53 ng.mL-1. This method is used to detect cancer embryo antigen (CEA) in human serum, the results are well-matched with that of radio immunoassay.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1999

NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase polymorphism and lung cancer in Taiwan.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Taiwan since 1996. Genetic variation in metabolic activation or detoxification enzymes has been associated with the occurrence of lung cancer. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) enzyme is a cytosolic two-electron reductase thought to be involved in bioactivation and detoxification of environmental carcinogens. The possible association between NQO1 genetic polymorphism and lung cancer risk was examined among 95 male smokers without cancer and 100 male smokers with lung cancer in Taiwan. There was no significant difference in the proportion of wild-type NQO1 among all cancer cases and controls. When cases were stratified according to histological subtypes, the wild-type NQO1 was more common in adenocarcinoma than in controls. The odds ratio was 2.93 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-7.02; p = .02). This is the first observation for the positive association of this locus with lung cancer in an Asian population. These results suggest that NQO1 polymorphism is an important genetic risk factor for lung adenocarcinoma among smokers in Taiwan.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Identification of a novel actin binding motif in smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase.

Phosphorylation of the 20-kDa regulatory light chain of myosin catalyzed by a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase is important in the initiation of smooth muscle contraction and other contractile processes in non-muscle cells. It has been previously shown that residues 1-142 of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase are necessary for high-affinity binding to actin-containing filaments in cells (1). To further localize the region of the kinase required for binding, a series of N-terminal deletion mutants as well as several N-terminal glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins were constructed. Cosedimentation assays showed that a peptide containing residues 1-75 binds to purified smooth muscle myofilaments. Furthermore, the N-terminal peptide was sufficient for high-affinity binding to actin stress fibers in smooth muscle cells in vivo. Alanine scanning mutagenesis in the fusion protein identified residues Asp-30, Phe-31, Arg-32, and Leu-35 as important for binding in vitro. There are two additional DFRXXL motifs located at residues 2-7 and 58-63. The DFR residues in these three motifs were individually replaced by alanine residues in the full-length kinase. Each of these mutations significantly decreased myosin light chain kinase binding to myofilaments in vitro, and each abolished high-affinity binding to actin-containing filaments in smooth muscle cells in vivo. These results identify a unique structural motif comprised of three repeat consensus sequences in the N terminus of myosin light chain kinase necessary for high-affinity binding to actin-containing filaments.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1999

Overexpression of CALNUC (nucleobindin) increases agonist and thapsigargin releasable Ca2+ storage in the Golgi.

We previously demonstrated that CALNUC, a Ca2+-binding protein with two EF-hands, is the major Ca2+-binding protein in the Golgi by 45Ca2+ overlay (Lin, P., H. Le-Niculescu, R. Hofmeister, J.M. McCaffery, M. Jin, H. Henneman, T. McQuistan, L. De Vries, and M. Farquhar. 1998. J. Cell Biol. 141:1515-1527). In this study we investigated CALNUC's properties and the Golgi Ca2+ storage pool in vivo. CALNUC was found to be a highly abundant Golgi protein (3.8 microg CALNUC/mg Golgi protein, 2.5 x 10(5) CALNUC molecules/NRK cell) and to have a single high affinity, low capacity Ca2+-binding site (Kd = 6.6 microM, binding capacity = 1.1 micromol Ca2+/micromol CALNUC). 45Ca2+ storage was increased by 2.5- and 3-fold, respectively, in HeLa cells transiently overexpressing CALNUC-GFP and in EcR-CHO cells stably overexpressing CALNUC. Deletion of the first EF-hand alpha helix from CALNUC completely abolished its Ca2+-binding capability. CALNUC was correctly targeted to the Golgi in transfected cells as it colocalized and cosedimented with the Golgi marker, alpha-mannosidase II (Man II). Approximately 70% of the 45Ca2+ taken up by HeLa and CHO cells overexpressing CALNUC was released by treatment with thapsigargin, a sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) (Ca2+ pump) blocker. Stimulation of transfected cells with the agonist ATP or IP3 alone (permeabilized cells) also resulted in a significant increase in Ca2+ release from Golgi stores. By immunofluorescence, the IP3 receptor type 1 (IP3R-1) was distributed over the endoplasmic reticulum and codistributed with CALNUC in the Golgi. These results provide direct evidence that CALNUC binds Ca2+ in vivo and together with SERCA and IP3R is involved in establishment of the agonist-mobilizable Golgi Ca2+ store.

Amino Acid Sequence↗