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Biomedical subjects

P Lindblad

Publications and source records attributed to P Lindblad.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Risk of kidney cancer among patients using analgesics and diuretics: a population-based cohort study.

The aim of this study was to determine the risk of kidney cancer in 2 cohorts defined on the basis of hospital discharge diagnoses associated with analgesic or diuretic use during the period 1965 to 1983. Patients were followed up through 1984 for cancer incidence. After excluding cancers in the first year of observation, 161 kidney cancers were observed vs. 138 expected among 54,662 patients in the analgesics cohort. The relative risk was higher for women than for men. When examined by sub-site within the kidney, risk for cancer of the renal pelvis was similar in magnitude to that for the renal parenchyma. Among 115,616 patients in the diuretics cohort, 278 kidney cancers occurred vs. 209 expected. The risk for women was higher than for men. This elevation in risk was confined to cancer of the renal parenchyma, with no significantly increased risk seen for cancer of the renal pelvis. Although we observed little excess risk among members of the analgesics cohort, the significantly elevated risk among patients using diuretics supports a number of recent studies, but inability to adjust for confounding factors such as obesity preclude drawing any conclusion regarding diuretics. Further research is warranted to assess in detail the relationship between diuretic use and cancer of the renal parenchyma.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Expression of alkaline phosphatase in the mature mouse placenta visualized by in situ hybridization and enzyme histochemistry.

Alkaline phosphatases (APs) are a family of cell surface glycoproteins that are expressed in a variety of tissues. Their physiological functions are still unclear. Three different AP genes have been found to be expressed in mice, and AP cloned from the placenta is of the tissue non-specific (TNAP) type. We have in investigated the location of TNAP mRNA and active AP in mature mouse placenta, using in situ hybridization and enzyme histochemistry on serial sections. Digital image analysis was used to estimate relative amounts of TNAP mRNA. Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase messenger was detected only in the placental labyrinth, whereas active AP was present both in the labyrinth and in a zone of cells at the margin of the decidua basalis, bordering the myometrium and the metrial gland. This latter location of AP activity has not been described previously. The AP-positive zone of the decidua had a condensed appearance and a central defect in the zone was visible on sections taken from the middle of the placenta. No TNAP messenger was found in the zone of AP-positive decidual cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Increasing survival of patients with urinary bladder cancer. A nationwide study in Sweden 1960-1986.

Survival rates were analysed in 29,055 patients with urinary bladder cancer diagnosed in Sweden from 1960 to 1986 and followed up until 1987. The 2-, 5- and 10-year relative survival rates were 79, 70 and 64% for men and 75, 68 and 63% for women, respectively. Patients with a history of bladder cancer for at least 15 years ran a negligible risk of dying from their disease. Prognosis was consistently better in younger than in older patients; below 50 years of age the 5-year relative survival rate was 90%, as compared with 60% in patients aged 70-79 years. Patients diagnosed between 1960 and 1964 had a 60% 5-year relative survival, as compared to 71% in those diagnosed between 1980 and 1984. Multivariate analyses further confirmed that age but not sex is an important prognostic factor in bladder cancer and, further, that a substantial improvement in survival rates took place during the 1960-1986 period. Compared with 1960-1964 the risk of dying of bladder cancer within 5 years in patients diagnosed between 1980 and 1984 was 51% lower in men [relative risk (RR) = 0.49; 95% confidence interval (C.I.) 0.42-0.57] and 44% lower in women (RR = 0.56; 95% C.I. 0.45-0.70).

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1992

Maternal and perinatal risk factors for Wilms' tumor: a nationwide nested case-control study in Sweden.

This report describes maternal and perinatal risk factors for Wilms' tumor analyzed in a case-control study nested in a nationwide cohort in Sweden. The Swedish National Cancer Registry ascertained 110 cases from among successive birth cohorts from 1973 through 1984, identified by the Swedish Medical Birth Registry, the latter based on medical records. From the Birth Registry, we matched 5 controls without cancer to each case by sex and date of birth. Wilms'-tumor children were more likely to have mothers who had been exposed to penthrane (methoxyflurane) anesthesia during delivery than mothers of controls (odds ratio (OR) = 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 5.1); this excess risk was higher in females than males and increased with age at diagnosis. Wilms'-tumor cases were also more likely to have had physiologic jaundice (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.1 to 5.0). Higher parity of the mother decreased the risk of Wilms' tumor among females (OR = 0.7; 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0). We were unable to confirm the reported increased risks of Wilms' tumor for those with high birth weights or with a maternal history of hypertension or fluid retention during pregnancy, nor did we find any association with mother's age at delivery, previous stillbirth, previous live birth, gestational length or height of the child.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1992

Speech in connection with maxillary fixed prostheses on osseointegrated implants: a three-year follow-up study.

In 21 individuals, edentulous in the upper jaw, the speech function was evaluated. In an earlier study, registrations were made when the patients wore complete dentures in the upper jaw and 3-6 months after they had been treated with fixed prostheses on osseointegrated implants in the maxilla. These patients were re-examined after 3 years, as reported in this follow-up study. An expert group as well as a non-expert group participated in a perceptual analysis. Acoustic, audiological and cast analyses were performed. In addition, a questionnaire was filled in. The results indicated that, after initial phonetic problems, 94% of the individuals considered themselves free from speech problems at the 3-year follow-up. The patients' experience of the change of the s-sound corresponded well with the judgement of both the expert and the non-expert groups. Difficulties with pronouncing the s-sound were associated with decreased bite force, the number of occluding contacts, the frontal width of the fixed prosthesis and tenderness at palpation of the masticatory muscles. These oral functional factors will contribute to the s-sound production.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

N(2)-Fixation by Freshly Isolated Nostoc from Coralloid Roots of the Cycad Macrozamia riedlei (Fisch. ex Gaud.) Gardn.

Nitrogenase (EC 1.7.99.2) activity (acetylene reduction) and nitrogen fixation ((15)N(2) fixation) were measured in cyanobacteria freshly isolated from the coralloid roots of Macrozamia riedlei (Fisch. ex Gaud.) Gardn. Light and gas phase oxygen concentration had marked interactive effects on activity, with higher (up to 100-fold) rates of acetylene reduction and (15)N(2) fixation in light. The relationship between ethylene formation and N(2)-fixation varied in the freshly isolated cyanobacteria from 4 to 7 nanomoles of C(2)H(4) per nanomole (15)N(2). Intact coralloid roots, incubated in darkness and ambient air, showed a value of 4.3. Maximum rates of nitrogenase activity occurred at about 0.6% O(2) in light, while in darkness there was a broad optimum around 5 to 8% O(2). Inhibition of nitrogenase, in light, by pO(2) above 0.6% was irreversible. Measurements of light-dependent O(2) evolution and (14)CO(2) fixation indicated negligible photosynthetic electron transport involving photosystem II and, on the basis of inhibitor studies, the stimulatory effect of light was attributed to cyclic photophos-phorylation. Nitrogenase activity of free-living culture of an isolate from Macrozamia (Nostoc PCC 73102) was only slightly inhibited by O(2) levels above 6% O(2) and the inhibition was reversible. These cells showed rates of light-dependent O(2) evolution and (14)CO(2) fixation which were 100- to 200-fold higher than those by the freshly isolated symbiont. Furthermore, nitrogenase activity was dependent on both photosynthetic electron transport and photophosphorylation. These data indicate that cyanobacteria within cycad coralloid roots are differentiated specifically for symbiotic functioning in a microaerobic environment. Specializations include a high heterocyst frequency, enhanced permeability to O(2), and a direct dependence on the cycad for substrates to support nitrogenase activity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Orofacial functions in patients with congenital and acquired maxillary defects: a fluoroscopic study.

By means of videofluoroscopic recordings, chewing, swallowing and speech were monitored in nine patients with congenital and acquired maxillary defects. All of them were rehabilitated with a maxillary obturator prosthesis. The defective region was seldom used for chewing. No leakage between the obturator and surrounding tissue was observed, either for solids or for liquids. All of the prosthetic reconstructions were surprisingly stable during function. In the phonetic analysis, speech production was judged to be restored almost to normal. Videofluoroscopy may be valuable as a complement to other functional diagnostic procedures, and for the evaluation and improvement of rehabilitation with an obturator prosthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Immunocytochemical localization of nitrogenase in bacteria symbiotically associated with Azolla spp.

In situ immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect nitrogenase in bacteria (bactobionts) symbiotically associated with leaf cavities of Azolla caroliniana and Azolla filiculoides. In A. caroliniana, the Fe protein of the nitrogenase complex was detected in a subset of the distinct bactobiont types present in leaf cavities of all ages. Similar results were obtained for the bactobionts of A. filiculoides with antisera against both the Fe and MoFe subunits of nitrogenase.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

Activities, occurrence, and localization of hydrogenase in free-living and symbiotic frankia.

Symbiotic and free-living Frankia were investigated for correlation between hydrogenase activities (in vivo/in vitro assays) and for occurrence and localization of hydrogenase protein by Western blots and immuno-gold localization, respectively. Freshly prepared nodule homogenates from the symbiosis between Alnus incana and a local source of Frankia did not show any detectable in vivo or in vitro hydrogenase uptake activity, as also has been shown earlier. However, a free-living Frankia strain originally isolated from these nodules clearly showed both in vivo and in vitro hydrogenase activity, with the latter being approximately four times higher. Frankia strain Cpl1 showed hydrogen uptake activity both in symbiosis with Alnus incana and in a free-living state. Western blots on the different combinations of host plants and Frankia strains used in the present study revealed that all the Frankia sources contained a hydrogenase protein, even the local source where no in vivo or in vitro activity could be measured. The 72 kilodalton protein found in the symbiotic Frankia as well as in the free-living Frankia strains were immunologically related to the large subunit of a dimeric hydrogenase purified from Alcaligenes latus. Recognitions to polypeptides with molecular masses of about 41 and 19.5 kilodaltons were also observed in Frankia strain UGL011101 and in the local source of Frankia, respectively. Immunogold localization of the protein demonstrated that in both the symbiotic state and the free-living nitrogen-fixing Frankia, the protein is located in vesicles and in hyphae. The inability to measure any uptake hydrogenase activity is therefore not due to the absence of hydrogenase enzyme. However, the possibility of an inactive hydrogenase enzyme cannot be ruled out.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms of Nostoc strains in and from cycads.

DNA was prepared from cyanobacteria freshly isolated from coralloid roots of natural populations of five cycad species: Ceratozamia mexicana mexicana (Mexico), C. mexicana robusta (Mexico), Dioon spinulosum (Mexico), Zamia furfuraceae (Mexico) and Z. skinneri (Costa Rica). Using the Southern blot technique and cloned Anabaena PCC 7120 nifK and glnA genes as probes, restriction fragment length polymorphisms of these cyanobacterial symbionts were compared. The five cyanobacterial preparations showed differences in the sizes of their DNA fragments hybridizing with both probes, indicating that different cyanobacterial species and/or strains were in the symbiotic associations. On the other hand, a similar comparison of cyanobacteria freshly collected from a single Encephalartos altensteinii coralloid root and from three independently subcultured isolates from the same coralloid root revealed that these were likely to be one and the same organism. Moreover, the complexity of restriction patterns shows that a mixture of Nostoc strains can associate with a single cycad species although a single cyanobacterial strain can predominate in the root of a single cycad plant. Thus, a wide range of Nostoc strains appear to associate with the coralloid roots of cycads.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1989

Occurrence and Localization of Phycoerythrin in Symbiotic Nostoc of Cycas revoluta and in the Free-Living Isolated Nostoc 7422.

The phycobiliprotein phycoerythrin was localized in symbiotic and free-living Nostoc of the cycad Cycas using immunocytochemistry. In symbiotic Nostoc, phycoerythrin was associated with the thylakoid membranes of vegetative cells and absent from heterocysts. Similar cellular/subcellular localization was observed between symbiotic Nostoc and the free-living Cycas isolate Nostoc 7422.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

hupS and hupL constitute a transcription unit in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 73102.

The heterocystous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 73102 possesses an uptake hydrogenase encoded by hupS and hupL. The genes are transcribed in cells grown under N2-fixing but not under non-N2-fixing conditions. We characterised the transcription of hupS and hupL in further detail. A transcription start site was located at a position 259 bp upstream from the hupS translation start. As shown by RT-PCR, hupS and hupL constitute a single transcript in Nostoc sp. PCC 73102. The possible function of short, tandemly repeated repetitive sequences between hupS and hupL, enabling a folding of the entire intergenic region into a hairpin, is discussed.

Bacterial Proteins↗