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Biomedical subjects

P Lohman

Publications and source records attributed to P Lohman.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Comparison of tactile awareness in children during the production of isolated syllables of English.

To assess whether lingual-tactile feedback is developmental 60 normally developing children formed two groups of 30. Group 1 were in Grades 1 and 2 (M age=6.6 yr.) and Group 2 in Grades 5 and 6 (M age=10.7 yr.). All children passed a speech, language, and hearing screening. They were asked to imitate the production of a syllable, then describe the location of the tongue during that production. Following this request, subjects were given four multiple-choice questions to answer regarding (a) tongue height (high to low), (b) tongue position (front to back), (c) contact with the teeth, and (d) contact with other structures within the oral cavity. Seven English phonemes (t, k, sh, r, l, and th) were presented in a consonant vowel (CF) syllable with the central carat vowel (pronounced "uh"). Children were aided by a two-dimensional line drawing of the oral cavity. Mean scores for each syllable ranged from .8 to 2.0 (on a scale of 4.0). Total mean scores of 28 possible for older children (M= 11.0) was significantly better (t58=-2.2, p<.05) than that for the younger group (M=9.6). A significant r58 of .30 (p< .05) was found between age and total syllables correct. The children described tongue location during the production of isolated syllables. Older children performed the task better, indicating that lingual-tactile awareness is maturational. These findings parallel the 1967 results of McDonald and Aungst who found that identification of oral forms improved across age through about 15 years.

Awareness↗
PubMed2001

Tactile awareness in children and adults during the production of isolated syllables of English.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether tactile feedback is developmental in nature. 90 subjects were placed into three groups of 30 individuals each (M ages: 6.8, 10.7, and 18.8 yr.). All subjects passed a speech, language, and hearing screening. The procedure involved asking subjects to imitate the production of a syllable, then describe where the tongue was located during that production. Following this request, subjects answered multiple-choice questions regarding (a) tongue height (high to low), (b) tongue position (front to back), (c) contact with teeth, and (d) contact with other structures within the oral cavity. Seven English phonemes (t, k, sh, r, l, and voiceless th) were presented in a consonant vowel (CV) syllable with the neutral schwa vowel. Subjects were aided by a line drawing of the oral cavity. A significant correlation was found between age and total test score. Significant differences were also found among groups on all phonemes with the exception of r and s. All subjects could describe tongue location during the production of isolated syllables. Adults performed the task best, and young children had the most difficulty, indicating that tactile awareness may be maturational. These findings parallel those of McDonald and Aungst who in 1967 found that identification of oral forms improved with age through midadolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Training in lingual awareness during production of isolated syllables of English.

The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to determine the effects of training on lingual awareness during the production of isolated syllables of English. 60 subjects were selected for this investigation. They were placed into two groups of 30 individuals each. Group one (Trained) consisted of individuals who had received training in articulation and phonetics (M age=22.7) Group two (Untrained) consisted of individuals who had not received training in articulation and phonetics (M age= 18.8). The subjects in the Trained group were majors in speech-language pathology. The procedure involved asking subjects to imitate the production of a syllable, then describe where the tongue was located during that production. Following this request, subjects were given four multiple-choice questions to answer regarding (a) tongue height (high to low), (b) tongue position (front to back), (c) contact with the teeth, and (d) contact with other structures within the oral cavity. Mean scores ranged from 1.87 to 3.2 (on a scale of 4.0) for the group of Trained subjects versus 1.5 to 2.4 for the Untrained subjects. The Trained subjects had significantly higher test scores on all phonemes (p<.05) with the exception of r and sh (p>.05). For both groups of subjects, the phonemes, r, sh, and l, were the most difficult to describe, while the phoneme t was described most accurately.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Information systems for IDSs: meeting the challenges.

Integrated delivery systems (IDSs) face many challenges in implementing information systems. An IDS's senior management staff can meet these challenges by choosing the right information systems design team and ensuring that information systems staff have sufficient training and expertise to successfully assemble the needed information systems capabilities. To effectively fulfill its role, the information systems design team needs to understand the IDS's managed care strategy, know the level of information systems functionality required, obtain components from a limited number of vendors while using technology that integrates disparate components, build or enhance communication networks, consolidate where possible, and be willing to adopt new tools.

Communication↗
PubMed1999

Optimizing revenues through effective contract management.

Many provider organizations are losing millions of revenue dollars each year because their systems and administrative processes do not efficiently and effectively monitor and enforce contract terms. This inefficiency may result from many factors, including lack of understanding of managed care contracts, terms, and requirements; limited information systems; and inadequate operational controls that interfere with an organization's ability to capitalize on contract terms. Adequate information systems, process improvements, and well-informed contract management staff can help many organizations reduce costly errors and inefficiencies that result when the negotiated terms of managed care contracts are not enforced.

Communication↗
PubMed1998

A search for novel tumour suppressor genes for adult acute leukaemia by allelotyping at sub-telomeric chromosomal regions.

A search was initiated towards the localization of novel mutated tumour suppressor genes that may be involved in adult leukaemia. For this purpose, we measured the occurrence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in nine patients with acute B-lineage leukaemia (ALL) and one with undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL). Eight leukaemias exhibited a diploid karyotype. For each patient, PCR products of 130 polymorphic microsatellite markers, located in subtelomeric areas of every autosomal chromosome arm were analysed to visualize LOH events resulting from reduplication of a single mutated chromosome or from mitotic recombination. These kinds of LOH events contribute most to LOH in model systems but cannot be detected by classical cytogenetic techniques. By comparing allelic PCR products in tumour cells with those in normal cells, LOH was found in tumour cells of one ALL patient at 9p which harbours the known p16INK4A tumour suppressor gene. In the AUL patient, however, LOH was detected at the telomeres of 4q and 21q, suggesting that these sites may contain novel tumour suppressor genes specifically involved in this form of leukaemia. In the DNA of tumour cells from eight out of 10 patients no LOH was detected. This is in contrast with the general assumption that LOH is a frequent phenomenon in ALL. However, some markers at telomeric regions of chromosomes were already homozygous in the control T-cells of several patients. For instance, we found in the DNA of control cells from one patient five consecutive microsatellites on 9p up to 9p43 which were homozygous and in three other patients homozygosity was observed in band 8q24, which includes the MYC gene. These observations indicate that LOH events already are present in non-cancerous putative stem cells and that mitotic recombination may be a very early event in leukaemogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Niche systems help hospitals manage useful data.

Hospitals often struggle to more effectively manage their information. However, their main problem is not the lack of data to solve problems with, it is the lack of useful data. By incorporating a specialized or "niche" system of information management, hospitals will have specific data they can use for strategic planning without being overwhelmed by repetitive or unneeded information. This is the third article in a special report on managing managed care.

California↗