Biomedical subjects

P M Braddy

Publications and source records attributed to P M Braddy.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1982

Ischemia: a cause of hepatic telangiectasis in cattle.

We histologically examined (i) 73 bovine livers condemned by packing house inspectors for telangiectasis, (ii) 15 bovine livers passed by the same inspectors as normal, and (iii) 8 livers from cattle given an injection into their mesenteric veins: 6 with a suspension of agar particles containing viable Haemophilus somnus and 2 with diluent only. The injected cattle were killed and necropsied 2 to 12 days after the inoculations. Of the 73 telangiectatic livers, 57 (78%) had thrombosed and occluded or contracted and empty portal veins (venopathies), whereas 1 of the 15 normal livers contained one microscopic focus of telangiectasis and nearby venopathy. Of the 6 livers injected with suspended particles, all had venopathies and telangiectasis and the 2 control livers had neither.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Laryngeal diphtheria and papillomatosis in feedlot cattle.

In a random sample of 30,444 larynges from slaughtered beef cattle, 441 (1.4%) had chronic diphtheria and 1,345 (4.4%) had papillomatosis. Both types of lesions were centered in mucous membranes over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages. Since they are found in the same anatomical locations as laryngeal contact ulcers, we hypothesize that ulcers are primary and diphtheria and papillomatosis are secondary.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Osteochondrosis in feedlot cattle.

Beginning in summer 1977 and continuing through four consecutive seasons, we examined lame limb joints from 106 partially fattened cattle and 28,235 pairs of occipital condyles from fully fattened cattle for osteochondrosis. Of the 106 lame cattle, nine (8.5%) had characteristic lesions, usually in their stifle joints, and of the 28,235 atlanto-occipital joints, 1063 (3.8%) had lesions on their condyles. Slices of affected articular cartilage and subjacent bone were studied radiographically and histologically. Radiographs showed subchondral defects and epiphyseal "cyst-like" lesions, and histologic sections showed disarrayed and degenerated chondrocytes. Splits occurred along osteochondral junctions or in adjacent cartilage or bone. Some bone trabeculae had been replaced by fibrous tissue that, in some areas, extended deep into epiphyses.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Laryngeal contact ulcers in feedlot cattle.

Of 30,444 larynges from fattened cattle at three companies, 3,985 (13.1%) had contact ulcers or ulcer scars in the mucous membranes over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages. The incidence was higher in cattle fed during fall than in cattle fed during other seasons. We hypothesize: 1. that some feedlot cattle develop acute mucositis from mixed infections with species of Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Mycoplasma, and viruses in the nose, pharynx, and larynx; 2. that reflex coughing and swallowing accelerate the rate of larynx closure; and 3. that the closures erode the swollen membrane over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages and thus produce primary contact ulcers.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Limb arthropathies and periarticular injuries in feedlot cattle.

Beginning summer 1977 and continuing through 4 consecutive seasons, we examined samples of at least 25, and a total of 106, lame limbs or joints from slaughtered beef cattle. Of this number about 64 (60%) were articular and 42 (40%) periarticular lesions. Fifty-three were caused by trauma and 9 by osteochondrosis. Stifle joints (40) and digital joints (19) were the most frequently affected articulations, and the humerus and femur were the most frequently fractured bones. Twenty joints, mostly stifles, had fibrinous arthritis, and Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from 11.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Shipping fever pneumonia in yearling feedlot cattle.

During each week of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, a continually changing population of yearling feedlot cattle that, for the year, totaled 407,000 animals. About 5.1% of the cattle sickened and, of these, 18.9% died. From the 3,943 fatalities, 1,988 necropsies were made. About 75% of the clinical diagnoses and 64% of the necropsy diagnoses were respiratory tract diseases; of the fatalities from respiratory tract diseases, 75% were attributed to shipping fever pneumonia. Nearly 72% of fatal cases of shipping fever pneumonia occurred during the first 45 days on feed. In the lungs of most cattle with shipping fever pneumonia, bronchiolitis, fibrinous exudate, colonies of microorganisms, lymphatic clots, intravascular clots, thromboses, and foci of necrosis were found. Pasteurella spp, Mycoplasma spp, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus were isolated from pneumonic tissues. It was hypothesized that pathogenic Pasteurella spp and other microorganisms in nasal secretions transfer from the nasopharynx into the lungs by draining along the tracheal floor into ventral bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, and that pasteurella endotoxin, formed in infected lobules, thromboses and occludes lymphatics, capillaries, and veins and thereby causes ischemic necrosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Diseases of yearling feedlot cattle in Colorado.

During all of 1974 we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling feedlot cattle. The morbidity was 5.1%, with a case mortality of 18.9% and a population mortality of 1.0%. Both morbidity and mortality were higher during fall and winter than during spring and summer. Of the 3,943 dead cattle, 1,988 were necropsied. The most prevalent diseases were: pneumonia, 48%; diphtheria, 6%; brisket disease, 6%; hemorrhagic colitis, 5%; riding injury, 4%; bloat, 3%; calculosis, 2%; endocarditis, 2%; abomasal ulcers, 2%; bovine viral diarrhea, 2%; embolic pulmonary aneurysm, 1%; and pulmonary edema, 1%.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Atypical interstitial pneumonia in yearling feedlot cattle.

During each week of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, a constantly changing population of yearling feedlot cattle that, for the year, totaled 407,000 animals. From 3,943 fatalities, 1,988 necropsies were made; of this number, 106 (5.3%) had atypical interstitial pneumonia. The death rate was higher during summer and fall than during the other seasons and was evenly distributed throughout each of the 4 stages of fattening. Gross pulmonary lesions involved both lungs and were prominent throughout the caudal (diaphragmatic) lobes. Epithelialization, hemorrhage, fibrin, hyaline membranes, emphysema, bronchiolitis, and interstitial edema were common, whereas chromatin strands, bronchiolar edema, interstitial emphysema, and obliterating bronchiolitis were less common histopathologic features.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Brisket disease in yearling feedlot cattle.

During all of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling feedlot cattle maintained at 1,600 m altitude. Of 1,988 cattle necropsied, 116 (5.8%) had brisket disease. The malady occurred during all seasons but was most common throughout fall and winter. The gross changes were hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle and generalizaed passive congestion. The postulated causative factors were high genetic susceptibility, rapid growth rate, previous mountain grazing, and hypoventilation with airway hypoxia.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Bulling among yearling feedlot steers.

In a survey to determine the cause of illness and deaths among yearling feedlot cattle, bulling was found to be one of the major problems. During the years 1971-1974, 54,913 (2.88%) steers became bullers and represented an annual loss of around +325,000. Some of the causes of bulling were found to be hormones, either as implants or in the feed. In 1974, from 1,988 necropsies, it was determined that 83 steers died from riding injuries.

Anabolic Agents↗

PubMed1976

Fetal abomasal ulcers in yearling feedlot cattle.

During all of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling feedlot cattle. From the 3,943 dead cattle, 1,988 necropsies were made; of this number, 31 (1.6%) had ulcers with fatal perforations or hemorrhages; a similar additional number of necropsied cattle had innocuous ulcers as incidental findings. Ulcers developed during all seasons and all stages of fattening, but were more common during the first 45 days of winter-initiated fattening than during other times. Perforations of the abomasal wall resulted in spillage of abomasal contents into the abdominal cavity and the development of peritonitis.

Abomasum↗

PubMed1976

Sudden deaths in yearling feedlot cattle.

A survey of the causes for fatal diseases of yearling feedlot cattle was conducted on more than 407,000 cattle during a 14-month period. Of the 4,260 (1%) cattle that died during this period, 1,358 (32%) were categorized as cases of "sudden death syndrome." Of the 11 most frequent causes of the syndrome, as determined at necropsy, only 4--bloat, pulmonary aneurysms, riding injury, and hemopericardium--were considered as short-course problems and true causes of sudden death. The largest number of cases of sudden death were attributed to pneumonia (113 animals). Consequently, the sudden death syndrome is a misnomer for many long-course diseases and, in some instances, a mask for neglect because, as clinically used, the name frequently includes cattle that have been sick, often with pneumonia, for several days.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Bronchiectasis in yearling feedlot cattle.

Thoughout all of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling feedlot cattle. From the 3,943 dead cattle, 1,988 necropsies were made; of the cattle necropsied, 32 (1.6%) had bronchiectasis. In this disease, the permanently dilated small bronchi and bronchioles, located in ventral parts of the lungs, were filled with accumulations of exudate and microorganisms, including Pasteurella hemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella anatum, Staphylococcus spp, and Mycoplasma arginini.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Embolic pulmonary aneurysms in yearling feedlot cattle.

Throughout all of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling feedlot cattle. Of 1,988 cattle necropsied, 25 (1.3%) had ruptured pulmonary aneurysms and an additional 4 had gross pulmonary emboli without rupture. The emboli originated from thrombi in the caudal vena cava where that vessel closely applies to the left border of the liver and where parenchymal abscesses had developed. The emboli had lodged in the pulmonary artery, weakened its wall, and led to saccular aneurysms. Infection weakened and blood pressure ruptured the saccule and opened the adjacent bronchi. Extravasated blood dissected the tunica adventitia, formed hematomas, poured into the bronchus, and was expelled from the larynx. A portion was swallowed into the rumen, and some was coughed and blown from the nose and mouth. Deaths were attributed to exsanguination and pulmonary incapacitation.

Aneurysm↗