PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P M Lambert

Publications and source records attributed to P M Lambert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

The effect of smoking on implant survival at second-stage surgery: DICRG Interim Report No. 5. Dental Implant CLinical Research Group.

Smoking has been reported to have a deleterious effect on the oral cavity. Research has associated smoking with oral cancer, periodontal disease, leukoplakia, stomatitis nicotina, and impaired gingival bleeding. In 1991 the Dental Implant Clinical Research Group initiated a prospective, randomized clinical study in cooperation with the Department of Veterans Affairs to investigate the influence of implant design, application, and site of placement on long-term clinical performance and crestal bone height. Over 70 dental and medical history variables and exclusion factors were analyzed to determine relationships, if any, with implant failure at the time of second-stage surgery. The variables were analyzed separately for individual implants, cases (prostheses), and patients. The cases ranged from one to five implants each, and more than one case from a single patient could be included in the investigation. At this interim analysis, 2,066 implants have been placed representing 433 cases in 310 patients. With regard to implant failure rates, possible exclusion variable (9) and medical history variables (39) were not found to be statistically significant. For the dental history variables (23), only the question related to smoking was statistically significant on an implant, case, and patient basis (P < 0.007). Results of this interim analysis suggest that smoking is detrimental to implant success.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1989

Three-dimensional computed tomography and anatomic replicas in surgical treatment planning. Report of a case.

A case that demonstrates the use of three-dimensional computed tomography and anatomic replication in the management of a severe anterolateral open bite deformity is presented. Preoperative surgical treatment planning was facilitated by rehearsal model surgery. Construction of an accurate surgical splint enabled precise positioning of osteotomized segments at surgery.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1988

Age and sex biases in the preservation of human skeletal remains.

Inaccuracies introduced through biases in preservation are a major source of error in paleodemographic reconstructions. Although it is generally assumed that such biases exist, little is known about their magnitude. To investigate this problem, we studied age and sex differences in the preservation of skeletal remains from Mission La Purisima and a prehistoric cemetery (Ca-Ven-110). Comparison of mortality profiles obtained through analysis of skeletal remains and burial records from the mission indicates that biases in preservation can be very significant in poorly preserved skeletal collections. The Purisima burial records show that most of the people interred in the cemetery were either infants or elderly adults. The skeletal remains, in contrast, are predominantly those of young adults. The burial records and skeletal collection produced comparable sex ratios. These results show that age biases in preservation are much more important than sex biases. This conclusion is supported by data on the completeness of the skeletons from La Purisima and Ca-Ven-110. At both sites, the remains of young adults were better preserved than those of children or elderly adults, and the completeness of male and female skeletons was comparable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Dermal grafts to bony defects in irradiated and nonirradiated tissues.

Coverage of intraoral ablative defects presents many different problems. Free dermal grafts have been used to cover exposed mandibular bone in dogs. Grafts were placed in animals both before and after irradiation. Grafts were uniformly successful in animals not previously irradiated but failed when placed after irradiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Free autogenous graft coverage of vital retained roots.

The use of free autogenous grafts to the alveolus during root submergence was shown to be a method that might be used to prevent the loss of masticatory mucosa and vestibular depth, which have been regarded as problems associated with the procedure.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1982

The British-Norwegian migrant study--analysis of parameters of mortality differentials associated with angina.

The prevalence of selected cardiorespiratory symptoms was ascertained by a common mail questionnaire for 73,884 men and women in the United States, Great Britain and Norway. The study groups were identified in the early 1960's and included 30,033 British and Norwegian migrants to the United States and 43,851 non-migrants who resided in Great Britain and Norway. The main study objectives were to contrast the morbidity and mortality experience of the migrant and non-migrant groups in the light of known national differences in mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases in the early 1960's. At that time, the U.S. had the highest death rates from coronary heart disease while Great Britain had the highest rates for lung cancer and for chronic non-specific lung disease. Norway had the lowest rates for all three rubrics. The prevalence of "angina" and other symptoms was ascertained for each of the study groups. Contrary to expectation, angina was reported much more frequently by persons remaining in Britain and Norway than by migrants to the United States. Mortality rates during the five years and responding to the symptoms questionnaire were determined and mortality patterns were evaluated according to the presence or absence of angina. Angina was found to be a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. In the absence of angina, it was observed that migrants had similar mortality rates to non-migrants regardless of country of origin. However, the British had higher mortality rates from cardiovascular and from non-cardiovascular causes than the Norwegians. The primary determinant of angina prevalence was found to be migration status. It is believed that this differential was determined primarily by selection of those who migrate, with the migrants to the U.S. being a healthier group than their counterparts remaining in the native country.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Radiation myelopathy of the thoracic spinal cord in long term survivors treated with radical radiotherapy using conventional fractionation.

Previous reports on radiation myelopathy of the thoracic spinal cord have attempted to predict tolerance doses as a function of overall treatment time and number of fractions by extrapolation of data from collected myelopathy cases having markedly heterogeneous treatment parameters. A review of long term survivors receiving radical radiotherapy with conventional fractionation for lung and esophageal cancer was undertaken to determine if the proposed tolerance levels were consistent with clinical results in a series of patients constituting the group at risk for developing myelopathy. Spinal cord doses were determined in 58 patients who survived greater than or equal to 18 months following radiotherapy. All patients were treated with megavoltage equipment at dose rates of 200 rads/day continuously (53 patients) or 250 rads/day using split course (5 patients). Tumor doses ranged from 4500 rads to 7000 rads. Seventeen patients (29%) received less than 5000 rads to the thoracic cord, 6 patients (10%) received 5000 rads, and 35 patients (61%) received greater than 5000 rads. There were two patients who developed myelopathy. Review of our data, the clinical data of others and recent experimental results suggest that the slope of tolerance curves for thoracic spinal cord commonly utilized to express time-dose-fractionation relationships may be inappropriate. It is suggested that cord tolerance to well fractionated radiation has been previously underestimated.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Four cardiorespiratory symptoms as predictors of mortality.

The power of four cardiorespiratory symptoms to predict subsequent mortality has been analysed in data derived from a random sample of the population of Great Britain recruited in 1965 and followed for 12.4 years. The associations of respiratory symptoms with all causes of death (except stroke) and of cardiovascular symptoms with death from coronary heart disease were strong. The trends of these two associations over the 12.4 years of the follow-up differed substantially: the relative death rates associated with respiratory symptoms remained throughout at about the same level, while those associated with cardiovascular symptoms declined after four years. The excess premature deaths associated with presence of one or more symptoms at entry represented about a quarter of the observed deaths of men and one tenth of those of women.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Radiotherapy of carcinomas of the extrahepatic biliary system.

Carcinomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts carry a dismal prognosis. Due to the proximity of a number of vital structures and their early invasion, these tumors are rarely resectable. Long-term survival or cure is an exception. Results of treatment in 11 patients are reported. In 4 patients, radiotherapy was given as an adjuvant to surgery; in 5 patients the aim was palliation, while 2 patients received potentially curative doses of radiation. Good palliation has been achieved. Long-term, disease-free survival has been observed in some radically treated patients. The results suggest that radiotherapy may contribute to cure not only when used as a surgical adjuvant but also as the sole treatment modality in unresectable but still localized carcinomas of the bile ducts.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Hospital admissions for peptic ulcer during 1958-72.

Unpublished data from the Hospital In-patient Enquiry in England, Wales, and Scotland between 1958 and 1972 show that the frequency of admissions to hospital for peptic ulcer, particularly gastric ulcer, has fallen. This seems more likely to have been due to a true fall in the incidence of ulcer than to changes in treatment. Some three times as many people are admitted to hospital with duodenal ulcer in the north as in the south, but the frequency of admissions for gastric ulcer seems to vary little. The reasons for these differences are not understood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

In vitro retentive strength of fixed bridges constructed with acrylic pontics and an ultraviolet-light-polymerized resin.

The in vitro retentive strength of 24 test bridges was studied. The bridges were maxillary canine to central incisor spans, and an acrylic pontic replaced the lateral incisors. The pontic was retained by a resin polymerized with ultraviolet light. The mean forces necessary to dislodge the pontic bonded to natural teeth in the three-unit bridges were determined to be 41.5 lb for a force applied toward the incisal edge and 55.8 lb for a force applied toward the gingival ridge. A promising clinical application of this technique is suggested.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1972

Influenza and infant mortality.

Early neonatal mortality in England and Wales in the second quarter of 1970 after a major influenza epidemic was slightly but significantly higher than in the corresponding quarter of the previous year. An increase was also noted in the first quarter of 1970. Analysis of infant mortality and an index of influenza prevalence over the past quarter-century indicates that similar increases occurred in relation to four of the other five major influenza epidemics during the period, the exception being the "Asian 'flu" epidemic of the autumn of 1957. It is suggested that the increased mortality in 1970 was the consequence of an increase in the prematurity rate, but we have no evidence to indicate whether the effect is specifically due to the virus or is nonspecific in nature.

Birth Weight↗