Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P M Shalimov.
Analysis of patents for inventions evaluating functional state proved decreased research and invention activities in Russian Federation since 1990 till 2004 and lower innovation prospects of inventions.
Three cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD) of young military men were analyzed. Clinicomorphological features and factors associated with SCD in military men were studied. The study found that SCD had occurred under the conditions of psychoemotional stress, where markers of the stress-related lesion of organs and systems responsible for adaptation were present. The last to appear were signs of myocardiodystrophy, myocardial hypertrophy, and microfocal cardiosclerosis, as well as functional cardiovascular system disorder in the form of pathological orthostatic reaction. Sudden death was also associated with anomalous coronary arterial development and smoking.
The investigation of functional state of cardiovascular system and whole body was conducted in the draftees aged 18-19. Wide spread of pre-nosologic states was revealed that manifested by different disorders but cardiovascular pathology prevailed. However at the moment of investigation these disorders were not nosospecific but showed the presence of strain in the system of body adaptive regulation. The results obtained and information model of adaptive regulation system allowed to determine the most informative and available for military medical commission diagnostic criteria of pre-pathologic states. It will facilitate the appropriate selection of draftees.
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A review of issues of application of IBM-compatible PC and information systems of medical appointment for decision-making on professional reliability of military specialists with a base of set of objective criteria of various functional systems in human organisms, in particular, for standardization of adequate loading on servicemen during their combat training. Principles of expert evaluations of determination of functional resources of servicemen in situations of high intensity and psychophysiological tension of work.
To approach the applied aspects of support to operator interacting with the aerospace technical systems, the authors are working on the problems of structuring the motor programs and deformation caused to them by semantic stressful agents. Possibility for varying the composition of locomotion programs to ensure success of a general motor task had been experimentally demonstrated. Data obtained are viewed from the standpoint of revision of the motor image in the psychic control system.
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The paper shows the notions and approaches to evaluating an operator's functional reliability during his professional activity. By using an original approach to testing the functional reserves, i.e. defining the range of mental and physiological responses during activities, the authors propose a criterion apparatus, models and approaches to automating diagnosis and prediction of functional reliability.
The studies defined main factors influencing psychic state and occupational reliability of pilots. Those factors are conflicts in professional, business and family relationships and health disorders, especially psychogenic ones. Lower occupational reliability is an early sign of psychologic confusion, so the factors mentioned could serve for diagnosis of premorbid psychogenic conditions in pilots, for evaluation of their professional validity.
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The article studies methodological and methodical questions for improving medical control (MC) over the flight personnel. The authors analyse the main components of MC, i.e. basic control which is built on clinicophysiological methods, and dynamic control which is aimed for estimation of performance characteristics in the process of professional activities. The authors substantiate the structure of the perspective computerized automated system for MC consisting of three functional units: terrain complex of medical operational control, on-board equipment for aircrew health monitoring in flight, expert and diagnosis system for estimation and prognostication of professional health status.
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System mechanisms, that underlied motor activity coordinations were investigated on the model of biological oscillator. It has been shown how the value of phase resettings induced by single stimuli sequences depends on the stimulation location in the cycle. The time of reaction to the stimulus has been determined as the function of stimulus location. In addition, the character of transitional process, after which the parameters of initial rhythmic activity completely become normal, has been determined. The data obtained have been interpreted for the model of temporal motor control, which was suggested by A. Wing and A. Kristofferson.
It was shown by two independent methods that there is a certain correlation between the number of aviation accidents and heliogeophysical factors. The statistical and spectral analyses of time series of heliogeomagnetic factors and the number of aviation accidents in 1989-1995 showed that, of 216 accidents, 58% are related to sudden geomagnetic storms. A similar relation was revealed for aviation catastrophes (64% out of 86 accidents) and emergencies (54% out of 130 accidents) that coincided in time with heliogeomagnetic storms. General periodicities of the series were revealed by the method of spectral analysis, namely, cycles of 30, 42, 46, 64, 74, 83, 99, 115, 143, 169, 339 days, which confirms the causative relation between the number of aviation accidents and heliogeomagnetic factors. It is assumed that some aviation accidents that coincided in time with geomagnetic storms, are due to changes in professional abilities of pilots that were in the zone of storms.