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Biomedical subjects

P Madden

Publications and source records attributed to P Madden.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

The genetics of tobacco use: methods, findings and policy implications.

Research on the genetics of smoking has increased our understanding of nicotine dependence, and it is likely to illuminate the mechanisms by which cigarette smoking adversely effects the health of smokers. Given recent advances in molecular biology, including the completion of the draft sequence of the human genome, interest has now turned to identifying gene markers that predict a heightened risk of using tobacco and developing nicotine dependence

Adoption↗
PubMed2001

Results of a screening survey for co-morbid substance misuse amongst patients in treatment for psychotic disorders: prevalence and service needs in an inner London borough.

BACKGROUND: There is great concern in the UK, and other countries, about the clinical management of psychosis and substance misuse co-morbidity. However, relatively little is known about the UK prevalence and management of co-morbidity. METHOD: We implemented a screening survey of patients who were in treatment with an inner London adult mental health service and measured the prevalence of substance misuse amongst 851 psychotic patients. Caseworkers reported substance misuse and assessed clinical management arrangements. RESULTS: Current prevalence of substance misuse was 24.4% (95% CI: 21.3-27.1). Rates of co-morbidity were higher in males (31% vs 16%, chi2 1df=26.0, P < 0.001) and patients over 51 (chi2 3df=50.1, P < 0.001). Adjusted odds of co-morbidity in patients under 51 were 0.19 (95% CI: 0.10-0.34) and 0.47 for females (95% CI: 0.32-0.69). Substance misuse interventions were provided to 20% of co-morbid patients--Only 5% were compliant. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest substance misuse may be highly prevalent amongst psychotic patients. Most co-morbid patients do not receive appropriate treatment. The development of evidence-based interventions should be a priority.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Venous ulcer healing by four-layer compression bandaging is not influenced by the pattern of venous incompetence.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have related deep venous incompetence to reduced venous ulcer healing rates. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the pattern of venous incompetence and ulcer healing. METHODS: A total of 198 legs with venous ulceration were investigated with colour venous duplex imaging to determine the presence and site of venous incompetence. All were treated initially with the four-layer bandage technique. RESULTS: At 6 months, 74 per cent of the venous ulcers had healed using the four-layer bandage technique. There was no significant correlation between the pattern of incompetence and the healing rate of the ulcer. Previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT), increased size of the ulcer and previous episodes of ulceration were associated with a poor healing rate. CONCLUSION: The four-layer bandage technique achieved an ulcer healing rate of 74 per cent after 6 months, irrespective of the pattern of venous incompetence. Patients with a large ulcer, previous DVT or previous episodes of ulceration had delayed healing, supporting the previous literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

General outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales: 1995 and 1996.

One thousand nine hundred and nineteen general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales were reported to the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC) between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1996, compared with 1073 in the previous two years. A minimum data set was received for 1568 (82%) of the 1919 outbreaks. Over 40,000 people were affected and about 2% of those who were ill were admitted to hospital. Seventy-one deaths were reported. The duration of outbreaks varied between less than one day and 202 days (median six days) according to the pathogen. Small round structured virus (SRSV) (43%) and salmonellas (15%) were the most commonly reported pathogens. In almost a quarter of the outbreaks (24%) the aetiology was unknown. Over half the outbreaks (64%) were reported to be transmitted from person to person, most of which were due to SRSV and occurred in residential homes and hospitals. Twenty-two per cent of outbreaks were described as mainly foodborne, 51% of which were due to salmonellas. The number of outbreaks reported in each region ranged from 52 in Wales to 512 in Northern and Yorkshire.

Caliciviridae Infections↗
PubMed1992

Alcohol availability and the formal power and resources of state alcohol beverage control agencies.

The formal powers and resources of state alcohol beverage control agencies place them in a position to regulate access to alcoholic beverages through restrictions on retail distribution and sales. For example, monopoly states restrict access to spirits, and sometimes wine, by allowing retail sales only through state stores. On the other hand, license and monopoly states share in restricting sales through the use of price posting and fixing provisions. The degree to which these powers are realized in restrictions on alcohol outlets (e.g., licenses) and subsequent alcohol consumption (e.g., sales) was investigated in the current study. In a cross-sectional analysis of data available from 44 alcohol beverage control (ABC) jurisdictions in the United States, it was shown that states with greater restrictions on retail sales had greater resources for the conduct of ABC activities and lower densities of spirit outlets. These states, however, had greater densities of wine and beer outlets. States with greater marketplace restrictions had more resources for ABC enforcement activities and lower outlet densities across all beverage types. Further, supporting the suggestion that availability and demand may be simultaneously related, greater outlet densities were related to greater alcohol consumption (for beer) and greater levels of consumption were related to greater outlet densities (for wine).

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1980

A solid phase immunofluorescent assay for the measurement of salivary immunoglobulin and albumin levels.

A solid phase immunofluorescence assay which can be used to measure immunoglobulin and albumin levels in whole saliva, as well as in duct collected saliva samples, is described. This method is about an order of magnitude more sensitive than the conventional radial immunodiffusion method, allowing its use in situations involving large numbers of samples or restricted sample volumes. The relative precision and accuracy of this method are comparable to those of radial immunodiffusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Systemic immunosuppression in marginal keratolysis.

Experience in the investigation and treatment of eleven patients with the peripheral corneal melting syndrome is described. It is considered that short-term treatment with non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive regimes should be tried in patients with severe progressive disease which may not respond to other methods of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the rate of photohemolysis of human erythrocytes.

The results of this study demonstrate that alpha-tocopherol has a significant ability in vivo to prohibit the production of cholesterol hydroperoxide in the erythrocyte membrane, and also significantly reduce the degree of cell membrane deformation upon exposure of the blood to light and oxygen (photooxygenation conditions). This study suggests that alpha-tocopherol prohibits the production of cholesterol hydroperoxide in the membrane which if produced leads to a weakened membrane observed as a "budded" cell in the electron micrographs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

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Administrative Personnel↗