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Biomedical subjects

P Magnus

Publications and source records attributed to P Magnus.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Secular trends and sociodemographic regularities of coital debut age in Norway.

Gender and birth cohort differences and the influence of social background variables on the coital debut age were investigated in the general population of Norway. The data derive from a 1987 questionnaire on sexual behavior mailed to a random sample of 10,000 Norwegians of both sexes, ages 18 through 60; 63% responded to the questionnaire. 94.5% reported that they had experienced intercourse. The median coital debut age was 18.2 years. There were both cohort and gender differences. Younger cohorts have lower coital debut ages, and women younger than 35 years experienced their first intercourse at an earlier age than men in the same age group. When each independent variable was analyzed separately, there were substantial differences between educational levels and social classes with respect to age of coital debut. Multivariate analysis of six separate cohorts revealed independent effects of gender in the two youngest cohorts, whereas educational level had significant independent effects in all but the oldest cohort. Social class did not reveal any independent effect on coital debut age. Population density of the place of residence of the respondents was not substantially related to age of coital debut. Seen together, the independent variables explain about 13% of the variance in coital debut age (by multiple regression).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) definitions and associated risks.

Samples and methods vary in constructing birthweight charts. Introduction of ultrasound dating affects the distribution of gestation, increases the proportion of preterm births, and reduces postterm and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births. The need for standardized charts is emphasized. Preferably such charts ought to be sex- and parity-specific, also taking into account the mother's previous pregnancy outcome in terms of birthweight. The risks associated with being born SGA involve various morbidity as well as short- and long-term survival.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Asymptomatic subjects at HIV diagnosis have prolonged survival as AIDS patients.

The median AIDS survival for all AIDS patients was estimated as 11 months (95% confidence interval (Cl): 8-13 months). For the group of AIDS patients who were asymptomatic when HIV seropositivity was established, the median AIDS survival was 20 months (95% Cl: 13-23 months). For the group with symptomatic HIV infection or those who already had AIDS when HIV seropositivity was established, survival was estimated to 5 months (95% Cl: 1-15 months) and 4.5 months (95% Cl: 2-8 months), respectively. By using a Cox proportional hazard model it was found that being asymptomatic when HIV seropositivity was established or having Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as the initial AIDS-related disease were associated with long AIDS survival. Being HIV infected by transfusion was associated with short survival. Long AIDS survival in the asymptomatic group may be explained by a positive selection of slow disease progressors. Differences in diagnostic routines may also cause systematic differences in the estimated AIDS survival.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Hepatitis B antibodies in HIV-infected homosexual men are associated with more rapid progression to AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of previous or present hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on HIV disease progression. DESIGN: A prospective study of HIV-positive individuals from HIV diagnosis to diagnosis of AIDS or to the end of the follow-up period on 1 January 1991. Mean follow-up time was 62 months. SETTING: The study population was recruited from a primary health-care clinic for homosexual men and followed by linkage to the National AIDS Registry. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Of 876 individuals who were tested for HIV, 80 were HIV-positive and included for study. Two individuals were lost to follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences in progression rates to AIDS according to HBV status at study entry. RESULTS: The adjusted relative risk of progression to AIDS for the 48 subjects who were HBV-antibody-positive at study entry was 3.6 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-10.1]. A high frequency of receptive anal intercourse was also associated with more rapid HIV disease progression; adjusted relative risk 2.6 (95% CI, 1.1-5.9). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that presence of HBV antibodies is associated with more rapid HIV-disease progression.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[Sexual abuse of children--a public health problem?].

Owing to variation in the reported prevalences of sexual abuse of children, international publications were reviewed to analyse the definitions and other criteria used. Reported prevalences varied from 4 to 67 per cent, the variation being due, among other things, to inconsistency in the definitions used. By some of the investigators sexual acts without actual physical contact between the offender and the victim had been included in the category, exhibitionism. Approximately half of the reported experiences were isolated events. Future research in this field will require greater conformity in the definitions and criteria used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Structure of 18'-epivinblastine.

Methyl (3aR-[3a alpha,4 beta,5 beta,5a beta,9(3R*,5S*,7R*,9R*), 10bR,13a alpha])-4-(acetyloxy)-3a-ethyl-9-[5-ethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10-octahydro-5-hydroxy-9-(methoxycarbonyl)-2H-3,7- methanoazacycloundecino[5,4-b]indol-9-yl]-3a,4,5,5a,6,11,12, 13a-octahydro-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-6-methyl-1H-indolizino-[8,1-c,d] carbazole- 5-carboxylate methanol solvate, C46H58N4O9. 2CH3OH (1), Mr = 875.07, monoclinic, P2(1), a = 10.2759 (12), b = 22.353 (3), c = 10.4051 (12) A, beta = 106.502 (9) degrees, V = 2291.6 (5) A3, Z = 2, Dx = 1.27 g cm-3, Mo K alpha radiation, lambda = 0.7107 A, mu = 0.8397 cm-1, F(000) = 940, T = 198 K, R = 0.0470 for 2751 reflections, Fo greater than or equal to 4 sigma(Fo). The C ring of the vindoline moiety is in the boat conformation with the hydroxy group and the tertiary N in the bowsprit positions resulting in a fairly short intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction. The relevant parameters for O3--H3...N9 are O...N 2.651 (6), H...N 1.94 (5) A and O--H...N 147 (5) degrees. The D and E rings are in the sofa and envelope conformations, respectively. The piperidine ring of the catharanthine portion of the molecule assumes the chair conformation while the conformation of the azacyclononene ring is a boat-chair. An intramolecular hydrogen bond between the indolino NH of the catharanthine moiety and methoxy O (O25) of the vindoline moiety is also observed. The relevant parameters for N16'--H16'...O25 are N...O 2.827 (6), H...N2.14 (6) A and O--H...N 136 (5) degrees.

Molecular Conformation↗
PubMed1991

Structure of a novel bisindole derivative.

(3aR-[3a alpha,4 beta,5a beta,9[1R,3R(2S),5R,7aS,-12aS],10bR,13a alpha])-Methyl-4-(acetyloxy)-3a-ethyl-3a,4,5,5a,6,11,12,13a-oct ahy dro-9- [1,2,3,4,6,7,7a,- 12-octahydro-3-(2-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylbutyl)- 1-(methoxycarbonyl)indolizino[1,2-b]indol-7a-yl]-5- hydroxy-8-methoxy-6-methyl-1H-indolizino[8,1-c,d]- carbazole-5-carboxylate methanol hydrate solvate, C46H60N4O10.CH3OH.H2O, Mr = 879 x 06, monoclinic, P2(1), a = 8 x 2878 (8), b = 31 x 018 (4), c = 9 x 2267 (7) A, beta = 105 x 211 (7) degrees, V = 2288 x 8 (4) A3, Z = 2, Dx = 1 x 28 g cm-3, mu = 0 x 8580 cm-1, Mo K alpha radiation, lambda = 0 x 7107 A, F(000) = 944, T = 198 K, R = 0 x 0382 for 2931 reflections [Fo greater than or equal to 4 sigma(Fo)]. A very short intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction is observed between the hydroxyl group and N9 of the vindoline portion of the molecule. The relevant parameters are: O3--H3O...N9, O...N 2 x 598 (4), H...N 1 x 68 (5) A, O--H...N 164 (5) degrees. Molecules related by the 2(1) screw operation are hydrogen bonded into columns parallel to b.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carbazoles↗
PubMed1991

[Do we have an asthma epidemic?].

The number of persons hospitalized for asthma and mortality from asthma have both shown an increasing tendency in many countries over the last few years. In Norway, 1.4% of the respondents in the 1975 Health Survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics claimed to suffer from asthma. The corresponding number in 1985 was 2.4%. The prevalence of asthma was higher among subjects in rural than in urban communities. There are many sources of error linked to the studies discussed in this paper. Nevertheless, there are certain indications of a real increase in the prevalence of asthma, and analytical studies into the possible causes of this disease should be conducted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The potential for spread of HIV in the heterosexual population in Norway: a model study.

A simulation model is used to investigate the potential for indigenous spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the heterosexual population in Norway. The heterosexual population is grouped according to age, sex and whether paired or single. Estimates of various parameters of sexual behaviour are taken from a population-based questionnaire study. The questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 10,000 individuals, with a response rate of 63 per cent. The main simulation result is that with no inflow of infection from other risk groups, the heterosexual epidemic will decline if the average transmission probability per intercourse is 1 per cent or less. This result is insensitive to changes in the initial conditions. It is sensitive to changes in sexual behaviour, and to the shape of the transmission probability distribution. A review of empirical partner study data indicates an average transmission probability about 0.1 per cent per intercourse when no transmission modulating cofactors are present. It is concluded that with present sexual behaviour, the indigenous spread of HIV is not likely to sustain an epidemic in the Norwegian heterosexual population.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Transcobalamins in the etiology of neural tube defects.

In a sample of 79 pregnant women at risk offspring with neural tube defects (NTDs) and 158 controls, significantly increased median values were found for apo-transcobalamins I and II in amniotic fluid in the group at risk, thus confirming previous results. The findings may reflect a genetic disposition to NTDs associated with altered levels of apo-transcobalamins, and research on the etiology and mechanisms of NTDs should focus on these proteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Prediction of the extent of heterosexual HIV infections in Norway in the 1990s].

Using a mathematical model, the extent of heterosexual HIV-infection in the years 1987-2000 is assessed on the basis of population-based data on sexual behaviour and data from the surveillance system for HIV-infections. The most probable prognosis give about 200 new cases of heterosexual HIV-infection per year at the end of the period, with a prevalence of HIV-infection of about 1,000 persons in the year 2000. According to the prognosis about 50 new cases of heterosexually acquired AIDS will occur per year in the late 1990s. The discrepancy between a high prognosis and a low prognosis is several hundred cases of HIV-infection per year. More precise prognoses will depend on routine collection of population-based data on risk behaviour and spread of infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

No correlation in post-neonatal deaths for twins. A study of the early mortality of twins based on the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry.

The records of 10,204 pairs of twins born in Norway 1967-84 in the Norwegian Birth Registry were examined. The probabilities of stillbirth, neonatal death and post-neonatal death, conditional on the fate of the cotwin, were calculated. The neonatal death rate was four times increased when the cotwin was stillborn. When the cotwin died neonatally, the probability of postneonatal death was increased ninefold. The concordance rate for stillbirth and for neonatal death was above 0.4. In striking contrast, there was no correlation in postneonatal death for members of a twin pair. This finding suggests that genetic or common environmental factors play a minor role in the aetiology of post-neonatal death.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Survival of AIDS patients in Norway.

The survival function of the 100 first AIDS patients in Norway is presented and analyzed with respect to four factors obtained at the time of diagnosis; a) year of diagnosis b) initial AIDS related disease c) knowledge of HIV seropositivity prior to onset of AIDS and d) age at time of diagnosis. The median survival was 9.3 months. Among the known seropositive AIDS patients there were almost twice as many with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as initial AIDS related disease, as among the not known seropositives (relative risk 1.8). With Cox regression analysis we found that known seropositivity and age are factors that appear to influence survival, whereas year of diagnosis and initial AIDS related disease apparently do not. The mechanism whereby prior knowledge of HIV seropositivity leads to apparent increase in survival may be due to better follow-up and thereby an earlier date of diagnosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Respiratory symptoms and lung function of aluminum potroom workers.

The association of occupational exposure with respiratory disease and lung function was examined in a cross-sectional study of 1805 aluminum potroom workers. Work-related asthmatic symptoms occurred in 15% of the workers with an exposure of 10 years or more and in 8% of the workers who had been employed less than five years. In a multiple logistic regression analysis an odds ratio (OR) of 3.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.1-5.8] for work-related asthmatic symptoms was estimated for long versus short duration of employment. Airflow limitation was also significantly related to years of exposure (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7-3.9). Current occupational exposure and the occurrence of respiratory symptoms were not significantly associated. The results suggest that exposure to air pollutants in the primary aluminum industry may lead to the development of asthmatic symptoms, as well as to reduced respiratory function.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Use of condoms in relation to risk behavior among the heterosexual population in Norway].

In a questionnaire survey on sexual behaviour, a random sample of 10,000 Norwegians aged 18 through 60 were asked about use of condoms during their last intercourse. The response rate was 62.7%. Except as regards level of education, the response group was fairly representative of the population with respect to socio-demographic variables. About 12% reported use of condom. Among subjects who reported extra-marital partners, about 7% used condoms (both with their permanent and their extra-marital partner), whereas about 12% of subjects who did not have extramarital sex used condoms. 15% of the single persons reported use of condom. Apparently, the use of condoms is not related to sexual behaviour correlated with risk of HIV-infection, such as the number of partners and knowledge about the partner. Neither is perceived risk, as measured by HIV-testing behaviour, related to the use of condoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Cigarette smoking and the Australian medical profession.

The smoking habits, attitudes and associated actions of Australian doctors and their organizations are reviewed historically in the light of the medical profession's responsibilities in this area of public health. The proportion of Australian doctors who smoke has fallen to very low levels by community standards; doctors virtually are in total agreement about the disease effects of smoking; and they have taken many extraordinary actions over recent decades to encourage the necessary public-health measures. In spite of a major reduction over all in smoking in recent years, the present proportion of Australians who smoke demands the medical profession's continuing effort to discourage smoking in the community.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗