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Biomedical subjects

P Magyar

Publications and source records attributed to P Magyar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The protective effect of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAGA) against nasal obstruction provoked by antigen in allergic rhinitis.

Specific nasal challenge test (NCT) with pollen extracts was performed before and after a single dose pretreatment with N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAGA: Rhinaaxia) nasal spray in 11 grass- and ragweed-pollen-sensitive patients with allergic rhinitis in symptom-free condition to test the protective effect of this drug on allergen-induced nasal obstruction and symptoms. In 7 of 11 patients, a third NCT was performed in the same way as the second one, except that placebo spray was used for pretreatment instead of NAAGA nasal spray. Nasal airways resistance (Rnas) measurements were performed before pretreatment and 15 min after NCT. Pretreatment with NAAGA 1 h before NCT significantly (P < 0.001) attenuated antigen-induced nasal obstruction. The mean protection was 64%. The protective effect against nasal symptoms was likewise significant (P < 0.001), but the mean protection was found to be essentially lower (39%) than for Rnas. Pretreatment with placebo nasal spray showed only a 13% (P > 0.1) protection for Rnas, while it did not decrease allergen-induced nasal symptoms. The results suggest that the favorable effect of the regular administration of NAAGA in allergic rhinitis is to be expected primarily when the main complaint is nasal obstruction.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of potassium-induced release of histamine from mast cells by tetraethylammonium and tetramethylammonium.

In accordance with our previous results, a marked release of histamine (HA) from rat peritoneal mast cells was initiated by 150 mM KCl in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. This release could be reduced by 20-60 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) or tetramethylammonium (TMA), the non-selective K(+)-channel blockers, Ouabain, the general inhibitor of (Na+ + K+) ATP-ase, failed to produce any changes in this release. The action of TEA discriminated between the initiation of HA release evoked by different agents, producing a blockade of the K(+)-induced but not the 48/80-stimulated HA release. In total, these data suggest the presence of TEA/TMA-sensitive K(+)-channels in the mast cell membrane and their involvement in one of the possible pathways for the initiation of HA release.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Broncho-Vaxom inhibits histamine release from rat mast cells induced by compound 48/80 and ionophore A23187.

Broncho-Vaxom (BV) inhibited in dose-dependent manner the release of histamine from and degranulation of isolated rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated with compound 48/80 and the ionophore A23187. Inhibition persisted after removal of BV from the incubation medium before stimulation, but did not occur when bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used instead of BV. Binding of BV to mast cells was observed by electron microscopy on cells that had been incubated with colloidal-gold labelled BV. There was no significant difference between the binding of BV gold and BSA gold to the mast cells. Washing before fixation removed most of the BV gold from the cells. This study establishes BV as an in vitro histamine release inhibitor.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Potassium-induced histamine release from mast cells and its inhibition by ketotifen.

Potassium chloride induced a dose-dependent release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells at concentrations from 5 to 150 mM in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Potassium concentrations greater than 150 mM produced less histamine release. The release was energy-dependent and was complete within one minute. The histamine liberating effect of KCl could be inhibited by NaCl and by preincubation with ketotifen. The monovalent cations, Rb+ and Cs+ also evoked histamine release, whereas Na+ and Li+ were ineffective.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Bronchial challenge with hypertonic KCl solution in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma. A comparison with the challenge performed by inhalation of distilled water.

97 symptom-free asthmatics, 56 patients with chronic bronchitis and 32 healthy persons were challenged by inhalation of ultrasonically nebulised hypertonic KCl solution. 24 patients out of the group of asthmatics were challenged also by the inhalation of distilled water to compare its bronchial effect and diagnostic value in bronchial asthma with those of hypertonic (10%) KCl solution. KCl solution caused positive bronchial reaction in each patient with asthma after less than 100 inhalations. The increase of airway resistance (Raw) showed a dose dependence in contrary to bronchitics and healthy persons who failed to show any positive bronchial reaction in any of the cases. Distilled water induced a much lower increase in Raw than 10% KCl solution in the same doses inhaled in each patient with asthma, i.e. more inhalations (longer time) were needed to reach a positive bronchial reaction. The bronchial sensitivity against KCl solution and distilled water did not show clear-out parallelism. The results suggest that the positivity of challenge test performed by the inhalation of hypertonic KCl solution - similarly to that of distilled water (published by others) - seems to be specific for asthma. Challenge test performed with 10% solution has advantages relative to that performed by distilled water, primarily because of the non negligible proportion of false negativity of the latter in the group of asthmatics.

Asthma↗
PubMed1981

Myasthenia gravis: protective effect of ipratropiumbromide (Atrovent) on airways obstruction caused by edrophonium chloride (Tensilon).

The preventive effect of Atrovent Dosier-Aerosol on the airway flow resistance (Raw) caused by Tensilon was studied on 10 patients suffering from myasthenia gravis. Atrovent completely prevented the increase of Raw in 8 cases and considerably decreased it in 2 cases. The measure of the reaction observed may be influenced by the intensity of the cholinergic symptoms occurring on administration of Tensilon as well as by the magnitude of the initial Raw value. No side-effect which may be attributed to the administration of Atrovent could be observed, the substance did not increase the myasthenic symptoms. According to the study, Atrovent is a suitable medicine for the prevention of airway obstruction caused by Tensilon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Myasthenia gravis: lung-function studies without and with edrophonium chloride.

25 myasthenia gravis-afflicted patients (14 crisis-endangered and 11 not endangered) were investigated with respect to their respiratory function and reaction of the respiratory parameters to Tensilon (edrophonium chloride). Results show that the vital capacity and the value of respiratory function parameters, measured under forced conditions, were partly significantly lower than those given as predicted values for healthy individuals. Maximal inspiratory flows indicated the greatest decrease. After intravenously administered Tensilon, the pathologically reduced maximal inspiratory flows increased. This positive effect of Tensilon can mark the alteration of the respiratory muscles and also the undertreatment of the patients. The observation that Tensilon may increase -- with some permanency -- the respiratory flow resistance and may decrease the maximal expiratory flow values, draws attention to the side effect (causing obstruction of the bronchi) of the drug, limiting its therapeutic use for patients in myasthenic crisis, especially in those complicated by obstructive lung disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

DID: a direct measure of delegation.

The DID measures the degree of delegation existing in a dental practice at a given time. Its four elements are: 1) the delegable tasks, 2) the personnel involved, 3) the task frequency, and 4) the task time. The formula yields the ratio of the Maximum State of Delegation to the Actual State of Delegation or, in other words, the theoretical potential for delegation divided by the observed state of actual delegation. Both are expressed in cost-related terms based upon the relative costs of the personnel in the practice. The DID has merit as a diagnostic tool to aid the practitioner in assessing his/her staff use. For example, a low DID might indicate an overqualified staff for his/her patient load, or underutilization of auxiliaries. The DID can also be used to compare levels of delegation between several practices at a given point in time. Such an application was made for 17 Washington private practices. In using the DID, it was found that delegation levels varied among the 17 practices; however, on the average the degree of delegation approached only one third of the maximum allowed under law. The DID, in its direct approach to task delegation, is a concept that can be applied to dental practices and, with appropriate adaptation, to other health care settings as well. All the influences on the DID and delegation, however are not fully understood and further study is warranted.

Adult↗