PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Major

Publications and source records attributed to P Major.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Cephalometric landmarks identification and reproducibility: a meta analysis.

To assess the magnitude of cephalometric landmarks identification error, we performed a Meta analysis on six pertinent studies. We outline the procedures used to compare and integrate the findings of these-studies. The results are a measure of systematic and random errors involved when locating landmarks on lateral head films. They are presented as standard mean errors and 95% confidence intervals for the repeatability and reproducibility of 15 cephalometric landmarks commonly used in growth analysis.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1997

Temporomandibular joint osseous morphology in a consecutive sample of ankylosing spondylitis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osseous morphology in a consecutive sample of Mexican patients with ankylosing spondylitis. METHODS: Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis who attended two secondary care outpatient rheumatology clinics were included in the study. Patients had a rheumatological assessment using a structured questionnaire and examination. Recorded variables included demographic data, disease characteristics, TMJ symptoms, and axial mobility measurements. Hypocycloidal tomography of the TMJ was obtained on all subjects. Radiographic variables included condyle position, superior joint space, range of movement, condylar osseous changes, and temporal osseous changes. Patients also underwent standard cervical spine radiography. A control group of normal people without either TMJ symptoms or systemic rheumatic disease was obtained. RESULTS: 65 subjects were studied (65 right sided and 63 left sided tomograms). The control group consisted of 22 individuals. Both groups were similar in age [33 (SD 11) v 34 (9) years, P = 0.8]. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis had more variability in TMJ mobility than controls (P < 0.05) and showed increased frequency of condylar erosions (P < 0.01), flattening (P < 0.01), sclerosis (P < 0.01), and temporal flattening (P < 0.01). Condylar erosions were associated with longer duration of ankylosing spondylitis (P < 0.05), neck complaints (P < 0.05), and atlantoaxial subluxation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TMJ involvement is frequent in this population of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and is associated with variables that suggest more severe disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Adolescent TMJ tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: a comparative analysis.

The predictive value of radiographic tomography was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging as a definitive test of TMJ soft-tissue status in a predominantly asymptomatic adolescent sample. Eighty-two TMJs in 41 subjects (mean age = 12.5 years, range = 10 to 17 years) were independently evaluated using axially corrected tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Tests of comparison and correlation were performed. Correspondence of tomographic classification to magnetic resonance imaging classification of nondisplacement (55%), reducing internal derangement (35%), or nonreducing internal derangement (10%) showed a significant relationship (P < .05). Tomography as a diagnostic test of abnormal disc position had a sensitivity of 0.43, a specificity of 0.80, a positive predictive value of 0.64, and a negative predictive value of 0.63. Tomography is inappropriate as a diagnostic test for TMJ internal derangement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

In vitro susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains to nine beta-lactam antibiotics and the killing kinetics of cephalosporins alone and in combination with vancomycin or gentamicin.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a total of 68 Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae strains (21 susceptible, 23 intermediate, and 24 resistant to penicillin) were tested for 9 beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cefpirome, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefpodoxime, cefodizime, and amoxycillin. MICs to penicillin, cefotaxime, cefpirome, and ceftriaxone were also tested on Muller-Hinton blood agar supplemented with 50% human serum. Killing kinetics of 0.5, 2, and 4 times the MIC of cefpirome and cefotaxime and synergistic bactericidal activity of combinations of cephalosporins with vancomycin or gentamicin were investigated. The synergism studies were conducted with drug concentrations half of the MICs. On the basis of MIC50 values cefpirome, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefpodoxime were 8, 4, 2, and 2 times more active than penicillin, while on the basis of MIC90 values they were 8, 8, 4, and 2 times superior to penicillin for the penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. Cefuroxime, cefodizime, and amoxycillin showed an identical or a 2-fold higher MIC50 or MIC90 than penicillin for the same group of isolates. Ceftazidime showed the lowest activity against S. pneumoniae. MIC50 and MIC90 values for ceftriaxone increased 4-fold when human serum was added to the test medium. Cefpirome was the only drug with MIC50 for the penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae below the new resistance breakpoint of the NCCLS (> or = 2 mg/liter), while these values for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were identical to or 2-fold higher than the resistance breakpoint. The MIC50 and MIC90 of the other drugs tested exceeded the breakpoint 2 to 16 times. The combination of vancomycin with cefpirome or cefotaxime showed a higher killing activity to two penicillin-resistant strains tested than 2- and 4-fold concentrations of the MICs of the two cephalosporins alone.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

UKCCCR multicentre randomised controlled trial of one and two view mammography in breast cancer screening.

OBJECTIVE: To compare one view (oblique) and two view (oblique and craniocaudal) mammography in breast cancer screening. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Nine breast screening centres in England. SUBJECTS: 40,163 women aged 50-64 attending their first breast screening examination. INTERVENTIONS: Women were randomised to have one view mammography, two view mammography, or two view mammography in which one view was read by one reader and both views were read by another. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of cancer detected, recall rates, cost per cancer detected, and marginal cost per extra cancer detected. RESULTS: Two view mammography detected 24% more women with breast cancer (95% confidence interval 16% to 31%) than one view mammography. Prevalence of detected cancer was 6.84 with two view mammography and 5.52 per 1000 women with one view. The proportion of women recalled for assessment was 15% lower (95% confidence interval 6% to 23%) with two view (6.97%) than with one view (8.16%) mammography. The cost of two view screening was higher (26.46 pounds compared with 22.00 pounds per examination) but the average cost per cancer detected was similar (5330 pounds compared with 5310 pounds) and the marginal cost per extra cancer detected with two views was similar to the average cost (5400 pounds). CONCLUSION: Two view mammography is medically more effective than one view; it detects more cancers and reduces recall rates; it is also similarly cost effective financially.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Iron deficiency anemia and psychomotor development in infants].

During the last few years, several studies have indicated a strong correlation between iron-deficiency anaemia and a delay in the psychomotor development of infants. It is suggested that controlled studies should be carried out in order to reveal the prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia among Norwegian infants, and that screening of the haemoglobin of the infants should be seriously considered as part of the routine health control of mother and child.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1992

[Should non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents be used in acute soft tissue injuries?].

Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to treat acute soft-tissue injuries. The results of controlled studies are controversial, however, regarding the effect of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in these conditions. This article refers to a meta-analysis from 1990 by Almekinders, summing up a number of studies on the issue. A Norwegian study by Lereim & Gabor from 1985 is also discussed. The author's conclusion is that soft-tissue injuries should be treated conservatively, perhaps with the addition of mild analgesics such as paracetamol.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[A health center study].

The focus of this survey was the various sides of the work performed by the doctor at a child health center. One third of the children were referred to various specialists. In the case of five children in the physicians at the health center may have overlooked pathological disorder. This applied especially to the vision test at the age of four years. In twelve cases the parents failed to follow up special controls for their children. This again applied particularly to the follow-up of impaired vision. A thorough and correct vision test at the age of four years is recommended, as well as good follow-up routines for children at risk.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1990

Disposition and elimination of BIOLF-143, an antiviral agent, in the rabbit.

BIOLF-143, (N-(dimethylamino)methylene-9- [[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]guanine), an experimental, purine-based, acyclic nucleoside was administered by iv or ip injection to adult, male and female, albino New Zealand rabbits in order to determine: (1) the pharmacokinetic disposition, (2) the route and rate of excretion, (3) the biotransformation, and (4) the acute toxicity of the agent. HPLC analysis of blood plasma concentrations of BIOLF-143 was conducted following iv injections of 50 or 100 mg/kg and ip injections of 250 mg/kg. Tissue levels of BIOLF-143 were analyzed at 60 min following an ip injection of 100 mg/kg. Metabolism/excretion studies were conducted over a 48-hr period following ip injections of BIOLF-143 (100 mg/kg). The nucleoside was rapidly distributed in the body, with the dose-dependent, estimated plasma half-life being 21-44 min. The drug molecule was not extensively bound to proteins, being quantitatively recovered from plasma (94.4 +/- 3.2%) and a variety of tissues (85-100%). The bulk of the drug (80-87%) was recovered in the urine within 48 hr of treatment, with no metabolites or unique, unidentifiable peaks being detected in HPLC chromatograms. No drug residue was found in feces. No overt toxicity or untoward signs of latent toxicity were observed in animals receiving acute doses of BIOLF-143 up to 250 mg/kg ip. A potential target organ might be the kidney since high levels of drug residue were detected 60 min post-treatment and this appeared to be the route of elimination from the body.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1990

Human milk fat globule membrane glycoproteins express blood group-related determinants primarily on mucin-like epithelial membrane antigens and gp70.

Milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) were prepared from 21 human milks and dot-blotted. MFGM samples were compared with reference to 8 blood group-related antigens reactive with monoclonal antibodies and lectins. All preparations contained epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and the majority was positive for type 1 Lewis a and b antigens, whereas only trace amounts of sialyl Lewis a were found. For type 2 Lewis antigens, most MFGM reacted intensely for X, but only weakly and infrequently for the Y antigen. Reactivities for H were also infrequent and antigens related to A and/or B (types 1 and 2) were not found. Western blot analyses established that these antigenic determinants were borne mainly by mucin-like components and gp70.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

Breast cancer imaging with mouse monoclonal antibodies.

The localization of 111In-labelled MA5 monoclonal antibody, reactive with a breast tumor associated antigen, was studied in 17 patients. MA5 was selected because 1) it reacts with greater than 95% of primary and metastatic lesions, 2) the recognized antigen is present on the cell surface in vivo and 3) MA5 gives excellent localization in human breast tumor xenografts. Each patient received 2 mg antibody labeled with 5 mCi 111In and in some cases, 3 mg or 18 mg unlabeled carrier antibody. No serious allergic reactions were noted. There was a large uptake in the liver, less significant uptake in the spleen and bone, and minimal accumulation in the bowel. Bone lesions, primary tumors, soft tissue recurrences and lung metastases larger than 3 cm diameter were imaged, while only 1 lesion smaller than 3 cm was detected. Non specific accumulation of tracer was noted at the site of a port-a-cath, in a hematoma, in fibrocystic lesions, and at sites of previous radiation treatment. Extensive fibrosis and poor vascularization characteristic of breast tumors may explain in part the limited sensitivity of the imaging.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical studies with monoclonal antibodies B72.3 and MA5 on histologic and cytologic specimens from benign and malignant breast lesions.

Monoclonal antibodies B72.3 and MA5 were tested by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method in histologic sections of 38 benign, 22 precancerous and 22 cancerous breast lesions, as well as in fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears and cell blocks of 25 breast carcinomas. Neither B72.3 nor MA5 was specific for breast cancer cells: both also reacted with cells from benign and precancerous conditions. B72.3 as a "detector" of malignant cells or their precursors was superior to MA5, however: it was not reactive to cells in most benign breast lesions (mammary duct ectasia, fibroadenoma and ductal hyperplasia, with and without atypia). Cancerous cells had heterogeneous immunostaining with B72.3, which may lead to false-negative results in relatively hypocellular FNA samples. FNA samples prepared as both smears and cell blocks provided the most abundant cellular samples and the lowest false-negative immunostaining reaction of cancerous cells with B72.3.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Familial diffuse cystic angiomatosis of bone.

Twelve cases of diffuse cystic angiomatosis of bone are presented in a family over four generations. The inheritance pattern of the disease appears to be one of an autosomal dominant distribution with no skipped generations and equal sex distribution. Individuals affected are clinically asymptomatic. All blood parameters are normal. Roentgenographically, the lesion occurs throughout the length of long bones and is osteolytic, with a thin sclerotic rim. The cortex of the bone is rarely involved and shows no periosteal reaction. Growth plate closure and remodeling are unaffected. The natural history is of increasing sclerosis, resulting in complete obliteration of the cyst with irregular reactive trabeculations. Although it resembles more serious conditions, the condition can be diagnosed clinically and radiographically, making invasive tests and treatment unnecessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The acute toxicity of BIOLF-143 in the rat.

BIOLF-143, an experimental, purine-based acyclic nucleoside, was administered by iv or ip injection to young, adult, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats in order to determine the (1) pharmacokinetic disposition, (2) route and rate of excretion, and (3) acute toxicity. HPLC analysis of plasma, hepatic, and renal tissue levels was conducted following iv injections of 50 and 100 mg/kg and ip injections of 500 mg/kg. Metabolism/excretion studies were conducted following ip injections of BIOLF-143 (100 mg/kg). The assessment of acute toxicity was done following the ip injection of agent (250 mg/kg/hr for 8 consecutive hr). BIOLF-143 was rapidly distributed in the body, the estimated half-life in blood plasma being 18-23 min. The molecule was essentially unbound to plasma proteins (99% free) and was excreted unchanged in the urine. The recovery of the parent compound was 74.3 +/- 5.9% and 88.5 +/- 15.9% for male and female rats, respectively, with no metabolites or unidentifiable peaks being detected in HPLC chromatograms. No overt toxicity or untoward signs of latent toxicity were observed in the animals receiving doses up to 2000 mg/kg ip. No residues were detected in tissues at 24 hr post-treatment. A potential target organ in subchronic studies might be the kidney. High residue levels of BIOLF-143 were detected 1.0 hr post-treatment; however, the organ had cleared all residues by 24 hr after administration.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural localization of a breast tumor-associated antigen.

We used a monoclonal antibody to a high molecular weight glycoprotein of the milk fat globule membrane to study at the ultrastructural level the sites of accumulation of immunoreactive material in breast tumors. By light microscopy, the antigen was found only on the luminal membrane of normal resting or lactating breast cells. In tumors, antigen could be found in the cytoplasm. We used the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoperoxidase technique to localize the site of cytoplasmic accumulation of immunoreactive material in breast tumors. This technique showed that antigen is found on the membrane of cytoplasmic vesicles. Some of these vesicles were collapsed and gave rise to what appeared to be clumps of free cytoplasmic immunoreactive material. We have also documented that in some tumors the entire cytoplasmic membrane bears antigen, whereas in other tumors only areas of cytoplasmic membrane that form microscopic lumina express antigen.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Rheumatic diseases in an Inuit population.

Prevalence and incidence rates for rheumatic diseases were found to be minimal among the Inuit people in the Keewatin District of the Northwest Territories, Canada. Patient identification was achieved by a review of medical records. All identified patients were interviewed and examined by a participating rheumatologist. Among women, the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis, adjusted for age of the Manitoba population, was 1,822 per 100,000 and was comparable with that observed in other populations; no cases of rheumatoid arthritis in men were confirmed. The age-adjusted prevalence of osteoarthritis, 1,219 per 100,000 in men and 2,144 per 100,000 in women, was apparently low. A moderately high incidence of Reiter's syndrome, 24.9 per 100,000, was found. The findings in children suggested a high frequency of seronegative spondylarthropathies (yearly incidence 60.1 per 100,000), although the adjusted yearly incidence for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis also appeared to be high, 23.6 per 100,000. The frequencies of HLA antigens in patient groups were compared with those found in 19 patients with musculoskeletal complaints but no rheumatic disease. Both HLA-B27 and HLA-DR4 appeared to be common in these controls, 36.8% and 63.2%, respectively. Nevertheless, there was a higher frequency of HLA-B27 in patients with seronegative spondylarthropathies (87%) than in controls (P = 0.001). Because of the small numbers of patients who had rheumatoid arthritis, no associations with HLA were made for this condition. Although the findings suggest differences in the distribution of rheumatic diseases compared with those found in other populations, more complete studies are required to confirm these observations.

Adult↗