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Biomedical subjects

P Matthews

Publications and source records attributed to P Matthews.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prenatal testicular torsion: principles of management.

To assess our experience with in utero testicular torsion, we retrospectively studied all newborns presenting in the newborn nursery with a diagnosis of neonatal testicular torsion. A total of 25 consecutive cases of torsion of the spermatic cord in 23 patients was identified and explored on an emergency basis. To our knowledge this represents the largest single institution series and 40% of all of the confirmed cases reported in the literature. No viable testicles were found. We strongly believe that torsion of the testis presenting at birth represents an irreversible intrauterine event best treated in an early elective setting. We suggest an inguinal approach with contralateral orchiopexy in all patients who present with signs and symptoms of prenatal (in utero) testicular torsion.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Correlative multidisciplinary approach to the study of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies.

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies can be caused by defects in the mitochondrial respiratory complexes. The clinical phenotypes are quite protean but in many instances a characteristic or suggestive clinical presentation permits a tentative bedside diagnosis. The diagnosis can be verified by laboratory investigations. The major laboratory hallmarks of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies include: ragged red fibers on muscle biopsy, a specific defect or deficiency in a mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complex, mtDNA abnormalities, reduced anaerobic threshold by bicycle ergometry, impaired cellular energy state by MRS and characteristic brain imaging abnormalities. Monitoring of some of these parameters along with the clinical phenotype will aid in the evaluation of therapeutic trials.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Insertional inactivation of the mec gene in a transposon mutant of a methicillin-resistant clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus.

All clinical strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) examined so far contain the mec gene and its product, the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2A. Yet the same strains show tremendous variation in the phenotypic expression of antibiotic resistance (MIC), which is under the control of a set of additional, auxiliary genes. Thus, the quantitative contribution of the mec gene to the resistance phenotype of MRSA is not known, and no mutants with the lesion located within the mec gene have been described. We subjected a highly resistant MRSA strain to transposon mutagenesis with the erythromycin resistance transposon Tn551, and a mutant expressing greatly decreased methicillin resistance (RUSA4) was selected to characterize the transposon insertion site. The results indicate that the Tn551 insertion site in mutant RUSA4 is between base pairs 1000 and 1400 of the sequence encoding PBP 2A. Thus, the uniform and greater than 200-fold drop in the methicillin MIC (4 micrograms/ml) for this mutant relative to that for the parent strain (MIC greater than or equal to 800 micrograms/ml) must be related to the inactivation of the PBP 2A gene. The results provide the first unequivocal evidence for the importance of PBP 2A as a quantitative contributor to the MIC for MRSA.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1989

Inspired oxygen concentration during general anaesthesia for caesarean section.

The effects on maternal oxygen saturation, foetal wellbeing and umbilical blood gases were compared when parturients received either 30 or 50% oxygen prior to delivery by Caesarean section under general anaesthesia. Maternal arterial oxygen saturation was significantly increased in the group receiving 50% oxygen. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of Apgar score minus colour, time to sustained respiration or umbilical cord blood gas estimations. The use of 30% inspired oxygen during uncomplicated Caesarean section is advocated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The pathology of flexor tendon repair.

This paper discusses the problems of failure after tendon repair. For a long time the subject has been dominated by the problem of adhesion formation. Recent work has shown that this is not inevitable, and consideration of other factors, particularly the nutrition of tendon tissue is leading to the possibilities of other methods of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The fate of isolated segments of flexor tendons within the digital sheath--a study in synovial nutrition.

A study has been made of the fate of isolated, devascularised segments of profundus tendon replaced within the synovial flexor sheaths in the front paws of adult rabbits. In all the experiments the segments were found to have survived as viable "loose bodies" and no adhesions developed. Active remodelling processes occurred over the cut ends of the segments and degenerative changes were confined to the most deeply lying tissue. The experiments confirm the existence of a synovial fluid pathway of nutrition, concerned, it is suggested, with nourishing the more superficial layers of the tendon.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Factors in the adherence of flexor tendon after repair: an experimental study in the rabbit.

The effects of splintage, suture and excision of the tendon sheath on the healing of incompletely transected flexor tendons in the rabbit have been evaluated separately and in various combinations. When all procedures were done together, repair was accompanied by dense adhesion formation with little evidence of any healing activity by the tendon cells. The experiments indicated that the adhesions were the result not of any one single factor studied but of all three contributing in varying degrees. Suturing produced the most adhesions but synovial sheath excision and immobilisation also contributed. It is suggested that these factors are also responsible for the adhesions which occur after flexor tendon repair in clinical practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Arvin anticoagulant for prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (author's transl)].

Treatment of overwhelming but reversible respiratory failure has broadened to include extracorporeal support with a membrane lung. Until recently, it has been necessary to rely on heparin to prevent clotting in an extracorporeal circuit. During prolonged bypass heparinisation may be attended by bleeding. We investigated the use of arvin for systemic anticoagulation in extracorporeal membrane lung bypass in lambs. Arvin is a purified fraction of the venom of the Malayan pit viper. Effective anticoagulation was obtained for an average of 4 days (range 2 to 12 days) through complete fibrinogen depletion by arvin. These preliminary data suggest that arvin anticoagulation may be suitable for prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Animals↗