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Biomedical subjects

P McCarthy

Publications and source records attributed to P McCarthy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Orthostatic hypotension: a potential side effect of psychiatric medications.

1. Orthostatic hypotension is a major underrecognized side effect of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications. It has been associated with falls, fractures, and lacerations, particularly in the elderly. 2. Orthostatic vital signs need to be routinely measured in patients susceptible to orthostasis. A standardized procedure should be available and must include a stable baseline measurement in the supine position at 30 seconds and 2 minutes in the sitting or standing position. 3. Measures to counteract orthostasis include nutrition/hydration assessment, environmental safety, and patient teaching.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1991

Imaging of patients with stage D prostatic carcinoma.

In conclusion, it would appear from present evidence that several statements can be made. First, MRI is the most accurate method of staging the periprostatic spread of carcinoma. Both the prostate and the regional nodes can be evaluated. The role of ultrasound is, at present, unclear. Second, the utility of CT has diminished with the emergence of high-quality MRI, but in situations in which MRI scans are inconclusive (e.g., in the assessment of paraaortic node disease, in which images are degraded by peristaltic movement), CT may be useful. Third, the choice of method for the assessment of nodal disease is a more difficult question. Although MRI and CT have replaced lymphography in most centers, the latter study, especially when combined with fine-needle aspiration biopsy, still is useful. Fourth, bone metastases are best assessed with scintigraphy, which can point to areas requiring supplemental plain radiography. An MRI study of the spine, although highly sensitive, is not practical. Fifth, MRI is superior to CT myelography in assessing spinal disease. Finally, the chest radiograph is the mainstay of assessing chest involvement.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Effect of sodium and potassium ingestion on renal growth in rats.

To determine whether differences in dietary Na and K intake influence renal growth and compensatory renal growth following unilateral nephrectomy (uni), rats were given 2 diets for 2 weeks which differed only in Na-K concentrations. Diet 1 (High Na, Low K) contained 1.0% Na, 0.36% K and diet 2 (Low Na, High K) contained 0.05% Na, 2.0% K. Half of the rats consuming diets 1 and 2 for 1 week received uni and the other half of sham operation (sham). The rats were followed for another week while consuming the experimental diets. Uni and sham rats on diet 1 showed significant increase in blood pressure (BP) (136 +/- 4 v 126 +/- 3 mm Hg, P less than .05). Uni itself did not alter blood pressure. Body weight and heart rate were unchanged by diet or operation. Kidney weight, renal RNA, protein, RNA/DNA, and protein/DNA increased significantly after uni but the differences were not affected by diet. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were not markedly different among any group of rats suggesting no major renal damage. We conclude that dietary changes of Na-K which cause no obvious renal damage even though BP is elevated moderately do not influence renal growth or compensatory renal growth. Based on RNA, DNA and protein metabolism, the form of growth (hypertrophy or hyperplasia) is also not influenced by renal electrolyte handling.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Vasopressin release in response to intravenously injected contrast media.

We have previously reported that intravenously administered contrast media produce a rise in plasma vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) concentrations. We have now shown that this occurs both when contrast medium is injected into a peripheral vein and when it is centrally injected into the right atrium. The peak vasopressin concentration recorded varies with the osmolality of the contrast medium. The vasopressin response was greater when contrast agent was centrally injected.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1989

Measuring and tracking education program implementation: the Minnesota Heart Health Program experience.

In an overall framework uniting program planning and evaluation, process evaluation can assist community-based health promotion programs in establishing participation objectives, monitoring their achievement and the quality of interventions used, and translating these into useful information for managing and developing programs. This research reports on efforts by the Minnesota Heart Health Program to develop a system that permitted tracking educational program contacts, its implementation, and its use to make management decisions about program activities. The system was developed as part of a planning and evaluation framework with specific criteria for developing and tracking educational programs drawn from the social-learning literature. Overall, the system helped to make participation objectives more concrete, aided decision making about allocation of personnel and material resources, and encouraged the development of innovative programs.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Iron overload and the predisposition of cells to antioxidant consumption and peroxidative damage.

We have investigated the effects of iron overload in vivo on the tocopherol levels and the extent of lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and their response to subsequent oxidative stress in vitro. The results demonstrate a direct correlation between consumption of antioxidant defences and the induction and extent of malondialdehyde production in microsomes prepared from iron-loaded rats. The data are consistent with the requirement for iron (II)/iron (III) ratios in lipid peroxidation in control microsomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Jaundice, terminating breast-feeding, and the vulnerable child.

Jaundice is the most commonly treated condition of otherwise well newborns. Although recommended treatments are thought to be safe and effective, the impact of jaundice and therapy on maternal attitudes and behavior is unknown. It was hypothesized that, in contrast to comparison mothers, mothers of jaundiced infants would be more likely to stop breast-feeding in the first month of life, have more separation difficulties with their infant, and be greater users of health care. Both groups of mothers were surveyed in the hospital and 1 month after discharge. Mothers were eligible if their infants were born at Yale-New Haven Hospital after February 1987 and were in the regular nursery. Jaundiced infants had a total serum bilirubin concentration greater than or equal to 205 mmol/L (12 mg/dL); control infants were not jaundiced. Of those who agreed to participate, 84% (85/101) of mothers of jaundiced infants and 80% (124/155) of control mothers completed the 1-month questionnaire. There were no substantial differences between the control and jaundiced groups, respectively, with regard to maternal age (29.1 years vs 29 years) education (66% vs 60% some college), or race (86% vs 82% white). Breast-feeding was more common in the jaundiced group (61% vs 79%, P less than .05). By 1 month, more mothers of jaundiced infants had completely stopped breast-feeding (19% vs 42%, P less than .01). They were more likely to have never left the baby with anyone else (including the father) or left the baby at most one time for less than 1 hour (15% vs 31%, P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bypass of obstructing bile duct calculus by an endoprosthesis inserted via a T-tube track.

A surgically introduced biliary endoprosthesis in a patient with a cholangiocarcinoma prevented extraction of a calculus in the lower common bile duct through a T-tube track. The problem was solved by the introduction of a second endoprosthesis across the ampulla of Vater through the T-tube track in order to prevent obstruction of the common bile duct by the calculus.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1988

Persistent müllerian duct syndrome in a man with transverse testicular ectopia.

A 33-year-old Pakistani man with transverse testicular ectopia underwent surgery for repair of a left inguinal hernia. At operation a uterine structure with attached vasa deferentia was found in the left inguinal area and it was removed. Transverse testicular ectopia has been reported previously in association with the persistent müllerian duct syndrome. A deficiency of activity of a müllerian inhibiting substance during gestation is believed to be responsible for this syndrome. Most patients usually are sterile. Cloning of the gene for a müllerian inhibiting substance should permit studies of the pathogenesis of the persistent müllerian duct syndrome.

Adult↗