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Biomedical subjects

P McInnes

Publications and source records attributed to P McInnes.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Safety and antibody persistence following Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate or pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines given before pregnancy in women of childbearing age and their infants.

BACKGROUND: Immunization of healthy women before pregnancy is a potential approach to providing increased levels of maternal antibody to newborns to protect them from infections occurring during the perinatal period and first months of life. METHODS: Healthy nonpregnant Pima Indian women of childbearing age were randomized to receive one of two Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines [HbOC or Hib-meningococcal outer membrane protein complex (OMP)] or a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PnPs). Infants received Hib-OMP vaccine at 2, 4 and 12 months of age. Vaccine safety and immunogenicity was evaluated in the women and their infants. RESULTS: Anti-polyribose ribitol phosphate antibody titers were significantly higher in women in both Hib conjugate vaccine groups than in the pneumococcal vaccine group throughout the 37-month observation period. Antibody responses to HbOC vaccine were significantly higher than those to Hib-OMP. A subsequent booster dose of each Hib conjugate vaccine induced reactions and antibody responses similar to those of the first dose. Infants born to mothers immunized with Hib vaccines compared with PnPs had significantly higher polyribose ribitol phosphate-specific IgG antibody titers at birth and 2 months of age but lower antibody responses to Hib-OMP at 6 months and similar titers before and after boosting with Hib-OMP at 1 year of age. By contrast women immunized with PnPs did not have significantly elevated concentrations of pneumococcal-specific antibody at delivery, and their infants had pneumococcal antibody titers similar to those of infants born to mothers who did not receive pneumococcal vaccine before pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Hib conjugate vaccine given to women before pregnancy significantly increased the proportion of infants who had protective Hib antibody levels at birth and 2 months of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Interchangeability of conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in infants.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of two Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines when administered in serial combination. These vaccines consisted of Hib capsular polysaccharide polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate (PRP) conjugated to the meningococcal outer membrane protein (OMP) complex (PRP-OMP) and H influenzae oligosaccharide conjugated to a mutant toxin (CRM197) isolated from Corynebacterium diphtheriae (HbOC). DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, clinical trial evaluating five Hib vaccination regimens. SETTING: Vaccine Treatment and Evaluation Units and affiliated private pediatric practices at Saint Louis (Mo) University, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. PATIENTS: A total of 497 healthy 2-month-old infants scheduled to receive routine immunization. INTERVENTION: Participants received either PRP-OMP or HbOC given as recommended by the manufacturer, PRP-OMP at 2 and 6 months, HbOC at 2 months, then PRP-OMP at 4 and 6 months, or PRP-OMP at 2 months and then HbOC at 4 and 6 months. Unconjugated PRP was given at 15 months to evaluate priming. RESULTS: Geometric mean antibody concentrations differed significantly among the groups following the second and third immunizations of the primary series and following booster immunization with unconjugated PRP. On each occasion, the groups receiving serial combinations of PRP-OMP and HbOC achieved mean antibody concentrations that equalled or exceeded those of the groups receiving a single product. Adverse reactions did not vary by group. CONCLUSIONS: The studied sequential combinations of Hib vaccines were safe and at least as immunogenic as either vaccine alone.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1994

Vaccine technologies: view to the future.

The development of vaccines to prevent infectious diseases has been one of the most important contributions of biomedical science. Recent advances in the basic sciences are now fueling the development of a new generation of vaccines that will be based on rational design approaches. Two factors are making this possible: an improved understanding of the microbial factors required for virulence and the nature of the immune response to infection. The status of new vaccine technologies is summarized here.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

Shear bond strength of ceramic orthodontic brackets to enamel.

The recent introduction of ceramic orthodontic brackets has generated interest among orthodontists. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the in vitro shear bond strengths to enamel of four ceramic orthodontic brackets and one stainless steel bracket in trials with two separate acid-etching times for enamel. Eighty extracted human central incisors were prepared for bonding to Starfire, Allure, Transcend, Quasar, and stainless steel (in the control group) orthodontic bracket systems. Enamel etching times of 15 seconds and 60 seconds were used. There was a total of 10 groups. After acid etching, one coat of low-viscosity bonding agent was applied and the brackets were bonded to etched enamel with Concise orthodontic bonding resin. The bonded test specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 14 days, after which they were thermocycled for 500 cycles (5 degrees C to 60 degrees C). The bonds were stressed to failure in an Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 0.02 inch per minute. The shear bond strengths were calculated and Weibull analysis was used to obtain a shape factor (the slope of the straight line and a measure of predictability) and the characteristic level (the 63.2% bond strength value of median rank on the strength line) for each group. Predictability and high bond strength, along with other factors, are important in the clinical selection of a bracket system. When either predictability or bond strength was considered independently, several bracket systems, coupled with a particular etch time, had either high predictability or high bond strength. The highest predictability and the highest bond strength were both found with the Allure bracket system.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1990

Microleakage of glass ionomer/composite laminate Class V restorations.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects on microleakage of pretreating dentin with polyacrylic acid (PAA), prior to placing a glass ionomer base/composite laminate restoration. Class V erosion-type lesions with the incisal margin on enamel and the cervical margin below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), were prepared in 50 sound extracted teeth. These teeth were divided into five dentin treatment groups: A) 10% PAA; B) 20% PAA; C) and D) 40% PAA; E) no dentin preconditioning. In groups A, B, C and E, a glass ionomer base was placed within 1 mm of the margins. In group D the glass ionomer base extended to the cervical margin. The glass ionomer base and the incisal enamel were etched with 37% phosphoric acid prior to placing a bonding agent and restoring with a composite. The restorations were finished and polished and the teeth were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 7 days. They were thermocycled in 0.5% fuchsin dye for 500 cycles (5 degrees C to 60 degrees C), embedded in epoxy resin, and sectioned at 250 mu intervals through the restorations. The section of each tooth exhibiting the most severe dye penetration along the tooth/restoration interface was evaluated and scored both incisally and cervically: 0 = no leakage; 1 = leakage up to the glass ionomer base; 2 = leakage up to 1/2 the wall length; 3 = leakage exceeding 1/2 the wall length. Cervically, the median leakage for all groups was 3.0. Incisally, the median leakage for all the groups was 0.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1975

Serum alkaline phosphatase activity in relation to liveweight of lambs.

Groups of lambs were fed four levels of a diet based upon oaten grain. Two groups gained weight rapidly, one less rapidly and the other lost liveweight over a 32-day period. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was found to be closely correlated to liveweight, in a positive linear manner, in those lambs gaining weight rapidly. This relationship was similar in lambs of R or r blood group. Supplementation of the diet with limestone and or sodium chloride did not influence the relationship. This relationship is considered to reflect the influence of the dietary treatments upon the rate of skeletal metabolism.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗