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Biomedical subjects

P Meunier

Publications and source records attributed to P Meunier.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Influence of a new vapor protective clothing layer on physical work tolerance times at 40 degrees C.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of a new vapor protective clothing on physical work performance in a hot environment (40 degrees C and 25% relative humidity). Eleven unacclimatized males (28 +/- 6 years, 79 +/- 8 kg, 1.76 +/- 0.06 m) were assigned to exercise at either a light intermittent (L) (N = 6), or heavy continuous (H) (N = 5) metabolic rate. Group L alternated between 15 min of walking on a treadmill at 1.11 m.s-1 with a 0% grade and 15 min of rest. Group H walked continuously at 1.33 m.s-1 with a 3% grade. Subjects were tested wearing three clothing configurations: full nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) protection (TOPP High) with the combat clothing worn under the NBC garment (TH + CC); full NBC protection without combat clothing (TH - CC); the new vapor protective clothing together with the NBC gloves, boots, and respirator (NPC). WTT was the time-period until rectal temperature (Tre) reached 39.3 degrees C, heart rate reached 95% maximum, dizziness or nausea precluded further exercise, or 3 h had elapsed. For group L, WTT was similar for TH + CC (113 +/- 12 min) and TH - CC (139 +/- 18 min). WTT was significantly increased for NPC where all subjects completed the 3 h in the climatic chamber. The rate of increase for Tre was significantly reduced for NPC (0.3 +/- 0.1 degree C.h-1) compared with both TH + CC (0.9 +/- 0.1 degree C.h-1) and TH - CC (0.8 +/- 0.2 degree C.h-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1991

High and intermediate imperforate anus: functional results and postoperative manometric assessment.

Between 1983 and 1989, 21 patients with high (12) and intermediate (9) imperforate anus were operated on according to the author's procedure. The anatomical results are satisfactory (20/21). The records of the clinical and paraclinical assessments of 13 of these patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years, is reported. The patient history demonstrates that 12 out of 13 are clean at night, with 1 to 3 bowel movements during the day. The intermediate forms have no accidental defecation and almost no soiling. Conversely, the high forms often soil but usually do not wear thick protections. Criteria of successful reconstruction as rectal examination, defecogram, CT scan or MRI, yield limited data but no formal conclusions. Manometric studies provide a better understanding of the bowel function after pull-through procedures, by studying the rectoanal inhibitory reflex threshold (RAIRT), the maximal anal resting closure (MARCP), the conscious rectal sensitivity threshold (CRST) and the maximal rectal compliance (MRC). Technical aspects of these recordings are detailed. Manometric recording from 13 of these 21 patients show that RAIRT is present in 3 out of 6 intermediate forms and 3 out of 7 high forms. CRST is normal in all the cases except 1. MARCP was normal in 5 out of 6 intermediate lesions and 5 out of 7 high lesions. MRC is good in 5 intermediate forms and 3 high forms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1979

Epidermal prostaglandins after topical application of a tumor promotor.

The topical application of the promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate, on the shaved backs of mice was attended by a striking increase in the PGE concentration within epidermis as early as 1 h later. This increase peaked at 24 h but the prostaglandin value remained elevated for at least 48 h. PGF, on the other hand, showed only a modest increase in epidermis with a maximum at 12 h. By 48 h, the PGF concentration returned to normal.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

Motor activity of the sigmoid colon in chronic constipation: comparative study with normal subjects.

Manometric studies of the sigmoid colon were performed on 17 healthy volunteers and on 49 constipated patients, after a long period of fasting (18--20 hours). Motility was recorded using perfused catheters at basal level during 45 minutes, then 60 minutes after a 0.5 mg intravenous injection of neostigmine, and, finally, 30 minutes during and after a meal. Motor activity was assessed by a motility index (per cent of activity x mean amplitude of waves). In both normal and constipated patients, the basal motility index was very low (respectively 82 +/- 16 and 110 +/- 113). This low level of activity was due to the long fasting period imposed on all the subjects. After neostigmine the motility index increased in both controls (347 +/- 256) and constipated patients (311 +/- 325); this test, however was found to be unreliable. The meal increased the motility index to significantly higher values than after neostigmine in controls (538 +/- 215). In constipated patients the mean meal motility index was comparable with that of controls (577 +/- 549) with a large distribution of individual values. Using the mean meal motility index +/- 2 SD of the control group as a term of comparison, the patients were segregated into three groups: 'hypomotor' patients (eight cases), 'normomotor' patients (33 cases), and 'hypermotor' patients (eight cases). From the evidence of this series of clinically well-defined constipated patients, it was concluded that only the meal test is able to segregate three significant patterns of sigmoid activity and that a large number (68%) of constipated patients exhibit normal sigmoid motor activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The hypocalcemia test, using human and salmon synthetic calcitonins. Paradoxical hypercalcemic responses. Responses in patients with Paget's disease treated with EHDP].

The hypercalcemia observed during the acute calcitonin test reflects the size and the activity of the osteoclastic population throughout the entire skeleton. Several calcitonins of animal origin (pork, salmon) have already been used for this test in human pathology, but the results can be flawed by the presence of anti-calcitonin antibodies. The authors demonstrate that human synthetic anti-calcitonin in man has a hypocalcemia effect identical to salmon synthetic calcitonin, with an equipotential dose for the rat. The systematic study of acute salmon calcitonin in various osteopathies makes it possible to note a certain number of paradoxical responses with prolonged hypercalcemia in the hours following injection. This is observed especially in the "hyperosteoidosis states" and the authors attempt to give it a physiopathological explanation. Finally, the acute salmon calcitonin test can be used as a mean of surveillance of the anti-osteoclastic activity of the disphosphonates in the treatment of Paget's disease.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1979

Rectoanal pressures and rectal sensitivity studies in chronic childhood constipation.

Rectoanal pressures and rectal sensitivity studies were performed in 32 control children and 144 chronically constipated children. The rectoanal inhibitory reflex threshold, the maximal anal resting closure pressure, and the conscious rectal sensitivity threshold were studied in these children. The rectoanal inhibitory reflex threshold was increased in 6.2% of the constipated patients. Anal hypertony (increased maximal anal resting pressure) was found in 46% of the constipated children. Decreased rectal sensitivity (increased conscious sensitivity threshold) was found in 68% of the constipated children. The three parameters were found to be normal in only 13% of the constipated subjects. Thus, it appears that children with chronic constipation who do not have Hirschsprung's disease do have abnormalities at manometry in most cases.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1978

Accuracy of the manometric diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.

In a 3-yr period, 229 examinations were carried out in infants and children. These were sub-divided into five groups according to age. There were 10 false positive and 8 false negative results, an overall not unreasonable record of 7.8% errors. However, in the neonatal group, there were as many as 26% errors and thus the test in this group was considered to be highly inaccurate. The older the infant or child, the less errors in diagnosis occurred. Possible reasons for errors are pointed out and comparisons are made with other series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Urethral pressure profile in children: a comparison between perfused catheters and micro-transducers, and a study of the usefulness of urethral pressure profile measurements in children.

Urethral pressure profiles were done on 46 children by the classical open-end perfused catheter and by a micro-transducer mounted on the tip of a catheter. A comparative study of the results obtained using the 2 methods demonstrates clearly the superiority of the micro-transducer over the perfused catheter. There are so many limitations of precison with the perfused catheter method that its usefulness for clinical studies seems questionable. With both methods the urethral pressure profile alone was not sufficient for distinguishing betweeen obstructed and non-obstructed bladder outlets.

Child↗