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Biomedical subjects

P Micheletti

Publications and source records attributed to P Micheletti.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Prevalence of obesity amount elementary school children in Grenoble].

Facing the growing increase of childhood obesity in France, the Grenoble Municipal School Health Service wanted to evaluate the importance of this phenomenon present among elementary school children in the area. A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective survey was conducted during the 2000/2001 academic year among a group of 1361 children born in 1990. The Quetelet Index was utilized to measure the level of being overweight, and the breaking point levels for being overweight and obese were defined according to new international standards. The prevalence of obesity is approximately 3% (2.7% in girls and 2.9% in boys) and remains constant from nursery school to elementary school. Nearly 35% of obese children in nursery school remain obese at the end of elementary school. Overweight prevalence is at its highest and increases significantly from nursery school (8.3%) through elementary school (14%). The study further revealed that girls aged 10-12 who did not pass and were held back from the next grade are five times more at risk of obesity than those who pass. The Municipal School Health Service has a critical role to play in the prevention of childhood obesity and its early screening and detection.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Repeated epidemics caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Serratia marcescens strains.

An outbreak of Serratia marcescens involving 42 patients admitted to the general intensive care unit of the Hospital of Varese, Italy, occurred from March 1994 to August 1995. The causative strains were resistant to oxyimino-cephalosporins and monobactams due to their production of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Another outbreak caused by Serratia marcescens strains had occurred in the same unit a few months earlier, from February to October 1993, with the strains involved producing a novel TEM-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. In order to verify whether there were any relationships between isolates from the two epidemics, the strains and their enzymes were characterized. Biochemical data and gene amplification experiments showed that the isolates of the second outbreak harbored a non-conjugative plasmid of approximately 48 kb, codifying for the production of an SHV-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with pI 8.2. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of total genomic DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Serratia marcescens isolates unambiguously identified two different bacterial clones responsible for the two epidemics. Epidemiological and microbiological investigations demonstrated the long persistence of Serratia marcescens strains and their circulation in other hospital wards, thus suggesting their possible role as a long-term reservoir for further epidemic spread.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1994

Outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Serratia marcescens in an intensive care unit.

Serratia marcescens has recently been identified as an important etiological agent in nosocomial infections, and is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen agent in immunosuppressed patients undergoing long periods of intensive care. Research carried out in 1991 and 1992 showed that it was of epidemiological relevance in only 1-2% of clinical isolates at the Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy. However, between 7 February and 11 October 1993, the incidence of cases attributable to S. marcescens had increased to 5%; 157 strains of Serratia marcescens were isolated from clinical specimens of 43 patients admitted to an intensive care unit; these strains, characterized by epidemic spread, showed the same pattern of multiresistance to antibiotics including monobactams and oxyimino-cephalosporins. During the same period 23 isolates were also recovered from 18 patients admitted to wards other than the intensive care unit; these strains, characterized by a wide range of antibiotic susceptibility, were also sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics with the exception of first generation cephalosporins. The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ES beta Ls) and their genetic determinism were studied. All the epidemic strains of S. marcescens resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and aztreonam produced three different beta-lactamases with pI 5.4, 5.5 and 8.4 respectively. In contrast, non-epidemic strains produced only a beta-lactamase with pI 8.4. The beta-lactamase with pI 5.5 was plasmid-mediated, hydrolizing ceftazidime and aztreonam, showing it to be an ES beta L; while the beta-lactamase with pI 5.4, although plasmid-mediated, did not hydrolize monobactams or oxyimino-cephalosporins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1990

[Cardiac effects of exhausting isometric muscular contraction in trained and endurance athletes].

The effect of exhausting isometric contraction (60% of the maximal voluntary contraction) on left ventricular function has been investigated using echocardiography (M and B mode) in 4 groups, each of 8 subjects (27 +/- 5 years; mean +/- SD): weight lifters, 2 years of training; amateur cyclists, 4 years of training; sedentary controls, and hypertensive subjects, 1st WHO class. Heart rate, arterial pressure, ventricular diameters (diastolic and systolic), wall thickness, wall stress and the double product (heart rate x arterial pressure) were determined at rest, at exhaustion and after 30, 90 and 180 s of recovery. Maximal voluntary contraction was 48 +/- 9 kg in weight lifters; 32 +/- 5 kg in amateur cyclists; 32 +/- 4 kg in sedentary control and 36 +/- 7 kg in 1st WHO class. Exhaustion time ranged from 80 s to 120 s. Our results showed that: 1) in all subjects at exhaustion, arterial pressure and heart rate increased significantly and the index of ventricular function was decreased but not significantly; 2) after 180 s of recovery both arterial pressure and heart rate returned to the pre-exercise value; 3) wall stress was significantly lower in weight lifters than in sedentary controls; 4) the double product (index of myocardiac oxygen consumption) resulted lower in amateur cyclists that in sedentary controls. The hypertrophy of the heart could justify the slight increase in wall stress observed in weight lifters during isometric exercise. However, the low index of myocardiac oxygen consumption in amateur cyclists probably reflects the changes in cardiovascular function due to the endurance training. In hypertensive subjects, the isometric contraction causes significant and substantial increase of the wall stress and the double product.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative activity of piperacillin/tazobactam against clinical isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

beta-Lactam resistance on the part of the Enterobacteriaceae causes serious therapeutic problems in our institutions due to their production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESbetaLs). We studied the in vitro activity of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and third-generation cephalosporins and monobactams against 71 clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae which produced TEM- and SHV-derivative ESbetaLs. Of the single drugs and combinations tested, piperacillin/tazobactam proved to be the most effective. Piperacillin/tazobactam was highly active against Proteus mirabilis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.125 to 16 microg/ml; Escherichia coli (MICs from 2 to 16 microg/ml) and Serratia marcescens (MICs from 4 to 8 microg/ml), while its activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ESbetaL producers turned out to be closely related to the type and the amount of enzyme produced, the MIC ranging from 1 to 128 microg/ml. The antibacterial activity of piperacillin/tazobactam was stronger than that of ticarcillin/clavulanate, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam, and the combination shared favorable in vitro activity properties against the ESbetaL producers with imipenem which, however, should be kept as reserve product.

Clavulanic Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Condylar-mandibular asymmetry, a reality.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility to recognize a condylar-mandibular asymmetry through a panoramic radiograph. Results from a previous work, in which 100 skulls from the Museum of the Institute of Anatomy of the University of Pavia were studied and measured, showed the presence of asymmetry. Using the same skulls we examined the possible correlation between morphological and radiological data. We did not find out correlation's between the condylar asymmetry evaluated at the anatomical level and the radiological asymmetry which was indeed found. This is probably due to the different positioning of the jaws during the two different measuring processes. Nevertheless our results confirm the daily experience of dentistry: asymmetry of mandibular condyle can be one of the mayor causes for the asymmetry of the stomatognatic apparatus.

Algorithms↗