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Biomedical subjects

P Migliaccio

Publications and source records attributed to P Migliaccio.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Plasma antiviral activity and interferon-gamma production by superantigen-stimulated lymphocytes during normal human pregnancy.

PROBLEM: Plasma interferon (IFN)-beta levels, lymphocyte responsiveness, and evaluation of the relationship between circulating antiviral activity (AA) and IFN-gamma production were studied in pregnant women and nonpregnant age-matched controls with the objective of elucidating the downregulation of IFN-gamma production in successful pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY: In plasma and supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) superantigen, from 43 pregnant women with a history of normal pregnancy and 30 healthy nonpregnant age-matched controls, levels of AA were measured in a micromethod by inhibition of the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in the human amnionic cell line (WISH). RESULTS: Significantly higher plasma AA (60% was IFN-gamma and residual activity was acid-labile IFN-like) was present in pregnant women than controls. On the other hand, SEA-activated PBMCs from pregnant women produced significantly lower IFN-gamma levels than those of nonpregnant women. Furthermore, maternal plasma AA levels correlated negatively with IFN-gamma production by SEA-stimulated PBMCs. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that successful pregnancy requires downregulation of IFN-gamma is only partially sustained, suggesting that the immunology of pregnancy is more complex and that murine and human pregnancy have different cytokine profiles.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Pulmonary infections in children. I -- pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila].

Pneumonia due to L. pneumophila occurs frequently in children even though "legionnaires' disease" in adults in usual. The authors show a literary scientific review of almost one hundred cases, sporadic generally, in childhood. In children legionnaires' disease remembers the adults infection, beginning with bronchiolitis. The extrarespiratory symptoms appears more frequently in adults. Chest roentgenograms obtained early reveal patchy infiltrates that become nodular areas of consolidation bilateral also, with pleural effusion. In children prognosis is poor (exitus in 15 about 97 described cases). The infection responds to erythromycin; it is administered intravenously, but oral treatment may also be used.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

[Pulmonary infections in children. II - Mycoplasma pneumonia].

The authors show a literary review on Mycoplasma pneumonia which represents a fifth of human pneumonia. M. pneumoniae is the major cause of illness in school-age children (5-9 years) and young adults and the peak incidence of illness occurs in this age. The infection appears mainly as an interstitial pneumonitis and the onset of illness is gradual, influence-like with few clinical symptoms and typical roentgenographic and bronchoscopic findings. Cold hemagglutinins appear in approximately 50% of patients. A severe prognosis can be associated with extrarespiratory symptoms; Erythromycin (as others macrolides) is the drug of choice.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

[Pulmonary infections in children. III. Pneumonia due to Chlamydia trachomatis].

The authors show a scientific literary review on Ch. trachomatis pneumonia. A distinctive syndrome pneumonia has been reported in infants infected by Chlamydia (at 2-3 months of age) in genital-urinary infected mothers. The infection may be preceded by conjunctivitis, in apyrexia followed by attacks of coughing pertussis-like. Blood eosinophilia is present. Although favorable prognosis in infancy, erythromycin is the drug of choice shortening the clinical course erythromycin is also recommended in woman infected prevention.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed1994

[Lung infections in children. IV. Pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae].

Chlamydia pneumoniae is the third strain of Chlamydia and transmission is presumed to be by droplet spread from symptomatic patients. The authors show a literature scientific review on subject-matter emphasizing several sporadic and epidemic case of illness in every age, first months excepted. The described cases are few and therefore clinical characteristics are shadowy. Certain clinical features are suggesting of severe pneumonia with fever and pharyngitis without exudate. In the childhood and in the adolescence the clinical evolution is favourable. Tetracyclines or erythromycin is recommended for therapy.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Occult child abuse (opinions, considerations, personal observations)].

At the beginning of the statement the authors point out some lesser aspects of child's ill-treatment (previously suggested by them in other occasions) as expressions of very strict educational systems which strongly limit childrens' freedom or impose them several extrascholastic activities (such as: athletics, music with participation in competitive examination, studies of foreign languages, Latin and so on) where the child must excel in (composex of the "leader-child"). Then these authors suggest using the term "abuse" to mean lexically every excessive, undue, arbitrary use and not only "sexual". They point out the seriousness of abuse as far as juvenile exploitation is concerned both in case of manual labour and prostitution. But the pay particularly attention to the problem of sport when it is gone in for too intensively (as athletics). These authors infact sum up the harms that sport can cause when it is gone in for during the age under the stabilized puberty. Physical harms may occur especially during the practice of risky sports such as: Alpine skiing, cycling on the road, swimming combined with diving, fencing, boxing) and during tiring condition, while psychic harms can entail a fall in scholastic performances, irritability, insomnia, anxiety. The authors depreciate the behaviour of those parents who stimulate their children' aggressiveness during competitions and scold them when their performances are insufficient, or give them forbidden stimulants of hormonal anabolic drugs instead of taking care of their children in order to keep away from the arms mentioned above. However, after all these observations and considerations about competitive sports in juvenile age, these authors can firmly state that all this could be meant as an important aspects of the juvenile exploitation that must be taken in great consideration.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Food contamination: a problem of pediatric interest].

The application of technology in the production, processing, preservation and transport of food has led to a well known consequence: the presence in the foods of undesirable substances and chemicals, that is to say "the contaminants of feeding". In this study the authors report the main groups of contaminants as the mycotoxins, nitrates, pesticides, methylmercury, lead, cadmium etc., relating for everyone of them the harmful effects for the health of human being, of which they have come to know mostly for some episodes of acute poisoning occurred in several countries in the world. They relate also the hypothetical effects of a chronic exposure to low levels of contamination, mostly if the fetuses and infants come to be exposed to these contaminants for the peculiar embryo genetic and evolutive situation that characterizes them.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[IgA deficiency in pediatrics].

To evaluate the IgA deficiency we have considered 368 children, admitted to "Day hospital" for different pathologies: 64 of them had serum IgA levels lower than the normal values for their age according to Ellis and Robbin. The age of the children with this deficiency was included from 4 months up to 8 years: 39 were boys, 25 were girls. In 54 cases the IgA deficiency was "partial" that is: the IgA value found out was lower than the normal for the age, but higher than 5 mg%. In 10 cases the IgA deficiency was "severe" (the IgA value was lower than 5 mg%). Six cases, among the 29 ones with intestinal diseases, had a severe deficiency, whereas among the 22 cases with respiratory diseases 3 had a "severe" deficiency. The 2 patients with urinary disease had a partial deficiency; only one case of the remaining 11 with different pathologies had a "severe" deficiency. Among the carriers of serum IgA deficiency an high incidence of chronic pathology has been found out (83%). Nevertheless the percentage of IgA deficiency extrapolated from the all case histories doesn't differ very much (64 cases among 368 = 17.39%) considering only those patients with chronic relapsing pathology (53 cases among 275 = 18.2%). Therefore it seems that the IgA deficiency could be considered a chronicizing factor in the examinated pathology even if in few cases. Anyway the frequency of IgA deficiency has reached major values (29/54; 45.3%) in the patients with enteric diseases. The frequency of IgA deficiency is smaller but still important in those patients with respiratory diseases (22/64: 34.3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Short near-fainting in children with or without loss of conscience].

Short near-faints with or without loss of consciousness have different etiologies and pathogenesis and, according to these, they recur with various frequency. This subject was reported on several publications and here is again examined with the contribute of personal experience and the description of distinct cases. The following causes were examined: vagal hypertonia, digestive troubles (gastroesophageal reflux), metabolic troubles (cyclic ketosis, hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia with peculiar clinic manifestations). Among the neurological causes were examined: epilepsy, benign paroxysmal vertigos and, particularly, the so called breath-holding spells and the migraine, about that were reported a few examples of "migraine accompagnée". Among the cardiovascular causes (ischaemic cerebral crisis), -particular attention was dedicated to orthostatic hypotension syncope. A short hint about hysteria ends the exposition of psychical causes of short near-faints.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Herpesvirus simplex disease in the newborn infant. Clinical aspects, diagnosis, prophylaxis, therapy].

Herpes Simplex virus infection (Particularly by HVS2) is one of the most important disease transmitted by mother to newborn because of the seriousness of symptoms and the high incidence of genital infection of pregnants. Transmission of congenital HVS infection occurs usually by contact with infected genital secretions during the birth process, but there is evidence that transplacenter transmission also may occur. Emphasis must be placed then on prophylaxis of genital infection of pregnants and of their partners. Specific Immunoglobulins with high antibody titre are recommended for prophylaxis. An anti HVS2 vaccine without oncogen property os still at experimental stage. This prophylaxis is inadequate for the newborn of infected mother: this one must be treated with newer antiviral agents (Acyclovir), even is absence of herpetic lesion and other symptoms.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Headache in childhood with special reference to migraine. Discussion of a personal case material of 94 subjects].

After having characterized epidemiologically, etiopathogenetically diagnostically, prognostically and psychologically the childhood headache, the A.A. refer data relative to 94 children of age in between 6 and 16 years, of which 51 females and 43 males, suffering for migraine (diagnosed by Bille's criteria). The ratio between migraine and sex, age, relationships, clinical symptomatology, onset time, crisis appearance frequency and causing factors have been studied. The relations between migraine and spasmophilia have been treated with particular remark in our casuistry, since similar studies don't appear in the literature. The work ends with some informations about migraine's common therapy, our particular one and the results that we obtained.

Adolescent↗