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Biomedical subjects

P N Galgut

Publications and source records attributed to P N Galgut.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Histological investigation of the tissue response to hydroxyapatite used as an implant material in periodontal treatment.

Patients with severe periodontitis and who had one or more teeth with infrabony pockets were treated by periodontal surgery with implantation of hydroxyapatite particles into the bone defects at the time of surgery. Subsequently, in three patients it was found necessary to extract a tooth for reasons not related to the previous periodontal treatment. Specimens that included the local soft tissues and crestal bone attached to the teeth were obtained at 22, 40 and 80 weeks after placement of the implant. They were decalcified and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy. The healing response was found to vary between specimens, and between sites within the same specimen. The early stage of healing showed the implant particles surrounded by collagen. Subsequently, varying degrees of resorption of the periphery of the particles was seen, and at some sites bone deposition was observed. These different healing responses were found to be progressing concurrently at sites in close proximity. Further work is needed to confirm the histological findings described in the paper.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1990

Oxidized cellulose mesh used as a biodegradable barrier membrane in the technique of guided tissue regeneration. A case report.

In this case study oxidized cellulose mesh was shown to have potential for use as a biodegradable barrier membrane for regenerative procedures in furcation areas and interdental infrabony defects. The material was customized so as to protrude coronally to the soft tissue flaps and interdentally after surgery. The material resorbed and normal healing took place with crevicular depths less than 2 mm by 1 month postoperatively. By 6 months postoperatively, 2 of the sites showed crevice depths of 3 mm. Initially there was negligible recession, except in one site, but by 6 months after surgery some resistant to probing. It is, therefore, concluded that this material may have the potential for use as a biodegradable membrane in the technique of guided tissue regeneration.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1990

Variations in healing of infrabony defects treated with ceramic bone-grafting material observed radiographically for a period of three years.

This study has observed the radiographic changes occurring after surgical treatment of areas of severe periodontal destruction with bone loss. Regions designated test sites were grafted with Periograf (Durapatite) and compared with non-grafted control sites over a three-year period, by use of a standardized radiographic alignment technique. Variations in the healing of both the grafted and non-grafted sites were observed, and it was concluded that regeneration of infrabony defects which had received grafting material can occur over a protracted period of time, which may be different in different individuals, and in different parts of the mouth within the same individual. In addition, periodontal destruction may occur as a slowly progressive condition, or in acute bursts of activity at different times, and at different rates in different parts of the mouth. Furthermore, some defects may be associated with active destructive periodontal disease, with adjacent areas concurrently demonstrate healing radiographically.

Bone Regeneration↗
PubMed1990

Guided tissue regeneration: observations from five treated cases.

In this clinical investigation, a biodegradable collagen material was used in membrane and paste form to assess its suitability for use in guided tissue regeneration after surgery. A variety of healing responses in only the soft tissues were noted, ranging from gross necrosis to enhanced healing. The problems and limitations of regeneration procedures are discussed to explain the reasons for the observed healing of the tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A comparison between measurements made with a conventional periodontal pocket probe, an electronic pressure probe and measurements made at surgery.

This study compared clinical measurements using a manual periodontal probe and an electronic pressure probe using a 0.25 N force, and related them to measurement of the bone levels at the time of surgery. All measurements were taken from the cemento-enamel junction at specified sites. It was found that neither probing technique provided a means for accurately measuring bone level. In the presence of healed tissue, little difference was found between the two instruments; whereas the manual probe more closely approximated the actual level of bone in the presence of inflammation. It was therefore concluded that under the conditions of present study the manual probe depth measurements were the more applicable for routine clinical use.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1989

Suturing techniques in periodontal surgery.

This paper describes and illustrates the use of the blanket or continuous hem loop suture for periodontal flap surgery. It is suggested that this may be a particularly suitable suture for certain conservative surgical techniques.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

The bleeding/plaque ratio in the treatment of periodontal disease.

The bleeding/plaque ratio has been suggested as a means of assessing susceptibility to periodontal disease, and as a prognosticator of periodontal breakdown. In this study, 100 males and 131 females were evaluated by means of the bleeding/plaque ratio to make a prognosis of the outcome of periodontal therapy. Initial plaque and gingival bleeding scores were used to calculate the bleeding/plaque of the subjects, and these ratios were compared with the resolution in the clinical parameters of plaque, gingival bleeding and severe and moderate pocketing. The subjects were divided into those showing higher bleeding incidence and lower bleeding incidence as assessed by post-treatment gingival bleeding. The bleeding/plaque ratios for the 2 groups were not significantly different, and therefore could not be used clinically for assessment of susceptibility to, or for prognostication of periodontal breakdown. 4 subjects were randomly selected from these 2 groups, and their data used to illustrate the limitations of the bleeding/plaque ratio. The bleeding/plaque ratios bore no relationship to the response to treatment in these 8 individuals, when evaluated in terms of reduction in plaque levels, gingival bleeding or pocketing. It is therefore concluded that the bleeding/plaque ratio in its present form is not of clinical value for making a prognosis of the likely outcome of treatment, and some suggestions as to how it may be improved are made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The relationship between the multidimensional health locus of control and the performance of subjects on a preventive periodontal programme.

Criteria have been defined to quantify a personality characteristic-termed locus of control. The criterion at one extreme of this range was referred to as external, indicating a belief that health was determined by a variety of other factors such as powerful other individuals or by chance. The criterion at the other extreme was termed internal, indicating a belief that health might be modified by the behaviour pattern of the individual. Locus of control scales have been used to relate psychological factors to physical disease, and the response of patients to disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether locus of control could be used to anticipate the response of subjects to a plaque control programme. A study was carried out on 14 males and 46 females to investigate the relationship between the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) and the response of a group of office workers to a plaque control programme. It was found that there was significant correlation between the external MHLC dimension of powerful others and improvement in some of the clinical criteria; a similar result was found for the internal dimension of the MHLC. In contrast, there was minimal correlation between the external dimension of the MHLC termed chance and the clinical results. It was concluded that subjects who perceive their susceptibility to disease being influenced by powerful external factors or who believe that susceptibility can be controlled by their own actions, respond more positively to a plaque control regime than those subjects who consider that susceptibility to disease is an event of chance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compliance with maintenance therapy after periodontal treatment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of compliance with a post treatment maintenance programme and to establish whether compliance could be related to the clinical assessment parameters before treatment or at the end of the initial phase of treatment. The study was carried out on 231 individuals who had been referred for periodontal therapy. Initial and post treatment plaque and gingivitis levels and pocket depth measurements were evaluated, in order to establish if postoperative compliance could be related to any of the pretreatment clinical parameters, or the changes which took place in these parameters as a result of treatment. It was found that more females tended to comply with the prescribed maintenance programme. Highly significant differences in the clinical parameters were noted for the compliant and non-compliant groups before treatment and at the end of the initial phase of treatment. 42% of individuals did not comply with the prescribed maintenance treatment. It is concluded that the degree of postoperative compliance with maintenance therapy is unrelated to the clinical parameters evaluated. The clinician must therefore recognise that a large percentage of individuals may not comply with the postoperative maintenance programme, although it is not possible to anticipate which individuals are less likely to be compliant from assessment of the clinical assessment parameters routinely used in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrence of destructive periodontal disease after treatment. A long term study.

This study demonstrates the difficulties which arise in statistical analysis derived from data of observations in post-treatment healing and recurrence of periodontal disease. Ten individuals received an initial phase of treatment followed by surgical pocket elimination utilizing replaced flap surgery. Clinical measurements of recession and pocketing were taken pre-operatively and 6 monthly thereafter for a period of four years after treatment. The results have shown that surgical treatment is least benefit in cases of mild pocketing, and of most benefit in cases of severe pocketing. A tendency for reduction in recession levels after two years was observed. Pocketing and attachment levels showed a tendency toward relapse as early as 6 months postoperatively. However, this simple observation masks a complex pattern of tissue remodeling in which some sites remain stable, others improve, while others relapse with time. Improvement may occur concurrently in different sites. Continued improvement in the clinical parameters of pocketing and attachment levels was observable in some sites for up to 2 years after surgery, after which the tendency for recurrent disease became more noticeable. Analyses of changes in attachment levels may be misleading, because they may mask the divergent or convergent trends of recession and pocketing, which may be occurring simultaneously. As bursts of healing as well as bursts of destruction could be observed concurrently over the period of 4 years after treatment, it is suggested that a state of "dynamic equilibrium" is established, in which continued tissue remodeling over a protracted period of time, may give rise to the clinical misconception that little or no changes are occurring in the majority of sites with time.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of a new electronic toothbrush in removing bacterial dental plaque in young adults.

Although a high level of oral cleanliness is essential for long-term maintenance of dental health, many people cannot maintain good oral hygiene consistently. A new electronic toothbrush has been developed that induces a small electric charge onto tooth surfaces. This charge damages electrostatic bonding of plaque proteins to tooth surfaces; thus, plaque removal is enhanced while the toothbrush is used. Young men were issued identical toothbrushes; some were electrically active. Plaque levels were assessed at baseline, and after two and four weeks, concurrently with oral-hygiene instruction and professional prophylaxis. The electrically active toothbrushes demonstrated better plaque removal than the inactive toothbrushes. This better performance was statistically significant linguopalatally, indicating that significantly more plaque was removed where mechanical access was poorest. Thus, the electrical activity of this toothbrush significantly enhances plaque removal where toothbrushing access is limited.

Adult↗