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P N Goodfellow

Publications and source records attributed to P N Goodfellow.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Characterization and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding the human cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin.

We have isolated an approximately 2.0-kb human cDNA clone containing coding sequences for the human cell adhesion molecule, uvomorulin. Comparison of human and mouse cDNA revealed extensive homology of 82% for the nucleotide and 83% for the deduced amino acid sequence. This and other structural features common to both cDNAs demonstrate that uvomorulin is evolutionarily highly conserved in mammals and underline its functional importance in histogenesis. Moreover, with the use of human x mouse somatic-cell hybrids, the human uvomorulin gene was localized on chromosome 16, in the region 16p11-16qter.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Chromosome fragmentation by chromosome mediated gene transfer.

Chromosome mediated gene transfer (CMGT) can be used to construct human-mouse somatic cell hybrids containing fragments of human chromosomes. We have constructed two panels of hybrid cells by CMGT: the first panel contains fragments of the human X chromosome and the second panel contains fragments of the Y chromosome. The construction of the Y chromosome panel was facilitated by the cotransfer of chromosomes with a selectable plasmid; selection for the plasmid encoded marker enriched for cells which had incorporated chromosome fragments. This preselection was combined with antibody dependent enrichment using the monoclonal antibody 12E7, which reacts with a Y-encoded antigen. Detailed investigation of the two panels revealed extensive rearrangements of the transferred fragments and the preferential retention of sequences from the centromeric region of the donor chromosomes. These results suggest that CMGT will not be particularly useful in the construction of genetic maps, but nevertheless CMGT can be used for enriching for specific regions of the human genome in somatic cell hybrids.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Isolation of a sequence which maps close to the human sex determining gene.

A sequence mapping close to the human sex determining gene (TDF) has been isolated from a lambda library constructed with DNA derived from a chromosome transfectant hybrid cell line. This sequence is shown to be present in the DNA of X-Y interchange males at a very high frequency and, based on these studies, it is categorised with the sequence defined by the probe, GMGY3, as the closest known Y chromosome derived marker to TDF. In contrast to GMGY3, however, this locus shares no homology with any other human chromosome. Southern blot analysis also reveals specific hybridization to the Y chromosome of other primates. It therefore defines, for the first time, a conserved and Y chromosome unique locus that is near to TDF.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Chromosomal locations of the gene coding for the CD3 (T3) gamma subunit of the human and mouse CD3/T-cell antigen receptor complexes.

The gene coding for the Mr 26000 gamma chain of the human CD3 (T3) antigen/T-cell antigen receptor complex was mapped to chromosome band 11q23 by using a cDNA clone (pJ6T3 gamma-2), by in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes and by Southern blot analysis of a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. The mouse homolog, here termed Cdg-3, was mapped to chromosome 9 using the mouse gamma cDNA clone pB10.AT3 gamma-1 and a panel of mouse-hamster somatic cell hybrids. Similar locations for the CD3 delta genes have been described previously. Thus, the corporate results indicate that the CD3 gamma and delta genes have remained together since they duplicated about 200 million years ago.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Investigation of chromosome-mediated gene transfer using the HPRT region of the human X chromosome as a model.

A panel of over 50 hybrid cells containing varying portions of the long arm of the human X chromosome have been obtained by chromosome-mediated gene transfer (CMGT) of human chromosomes to mouse cells deficient in HPRT. This panel is used to investigate the size and integrity of transfected human chromosome fragments and also to examine the effect of including a selectable DNA plasmid in the transfection mix. Chromosomal rearrangements are found to be generated in the chromosome transfer process, and the human X centromeric region is detected in the transfected cells at an unusually high frequency. Extensive lengths of X chromosome DNA are transferred intact, suggesting potential uses of CMGT in cloning large genes and loci for which only the chromosomal map position is known.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Localization of MIC5 to the region between HPRT and G6PD on the human X chromosome.

The X-linked gene, MIC5, encodes a human cell-surface antigen, R1. We have assigned MIC5 to the region between HPRT and G6PD on the long arm of the X chromosome. Regional localization was based on the pattern of reactivity of the R1 monoclonal antibody with human-rodent somatic cell hybrids which contained different fragments of the human X chromosome.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

The effect of recombination between the X and Y chromosomes of mammals.

Recent molecular analysis has proved the hypothesis that parts of the human sex chromosomes are homologous and can recombine in male meiosis. The biological consequences of this recombination have been investigated by considering the joint effect of neutral mutation and random genetic drift on a locus that is closely linked to the non-homologous segments of the sex chromosomes, but which recombines with them in an appreciable frequency. Our model predicts that, in the absence of selection, allelic differentiation between genes carried on the X and on the Y chromosomes will develop only if the recombination rate is of the same order of magnitude as the mutation rate or smaller. Similarly, a mutation favourable in males but disadvantageous in females will increase in frequency on the Y chromosomes, while remaining rare on the X chromosomes, only if the recombination rate is smaller than the fitness advantage of the mutation. The X and Y chromosomes are, thus, not expected to show any genetic differentiation for almost all of their homologous parts. Divergence will occur only for loci that very rarely recombine between the sex chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Physical mapping of genes and sequences at the end of the human X chromosome short arm.

Human-rodent somatic cell hybrids containing deleted and translocated human X chromosomes have been used to map genes and sequences in and around the pseudoautosomal region. The following order was found: (DXS69, DXS70, DXS143)-(DXS31, STS)-MIC2. This order is consistent with the known inheritance patterns of DXS31, STS and MIC2. Assuming that the translocations and deletions we have studied are not complex rearrangements, we conclude that the pseudoautosomal region consists of less than 5 X 10(6) bp of DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Recombination between the X and Y chromosomes: implications for the relationship between MIC2, XG and YG.

Three loci affect the levels of expression of the 12E7 antigen on red blood cells: MIC2, the pseudoautosomal structural gene for the 12E7 antigen; XG, an X-linked red cell blood group locus and YG, a polymorphic Y-linked locus. In this report we describe recombination between XG and MIC2 and an exchange between the X and Y chromosomes which included YG. These results have prompted us to propose a new model describing the genetic relationship between the XGa and 12E7 antigens.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Localisation of Y chromosome sequences in normal and 'XX' males.

Three unique sequences derived from the Y chromosome have been mapped within the human genome. A Y specific sequence DYS20 is localised to Yq11.2. DXYS25 and DXYS27 are both X-Y homologous sequences which map to the Y short arm and to Xq21. DXYS25 maps more distally than DXYS27, on the Y short arm and on the X long arm. Y specific restriction fragments for these two sequences are shown to be present in the genome of two XX males, and an aberrant signal for DXYS25 is demonstrated at the tip of an X chromosome short arm in one XX male by in situ hybridisation. The implications of these findings for the location of the testis determining factor are discussed.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1987

Pseudoautosomal genes in man.

MIC2, which encodes the 12E7 antigen, is the only well-defined pseudoautosomal gene in man. We have isolated cDNA and genomic sequences corresponding to MIC2 and have produced monoclonal antibodies reacting with the 12E7 antigen. These molecular tools have been used to investigate the genetics and biochemistry of the MIC2 system. Recent results suggest that MIC2 is the most proximal of the currently defined pseudoautosomal markers and that the escape of MIC2 from X-inactivation may be intrinsic to an associated HTF island found at the 5' end of the gene. Investigation of the inter-relationship between MIC2 and the XG locus has led us to postulate the existence of a second pseudoautosomal gene in man.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Genetic analysis of the human Y chromosome by chromosome-mediated gene transfer.

Chromosome-mediated gene transfer (CMGT) can be used to segregate fragments of human chromosomes in human-rodent hybrid cells. As with all somatic cell genetics methods, a selection technique is needed to isolate the hybrid cell lines produced by CMGT. Expression of the MIC2 gene product on the cell surface (the 12E7 antigen) provides an endogenous selectable marker for the human Y chromosome. Using chromosome transfer followed by separation of 12E7 antigen-positive cells on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, a series of cell lines containing segregated fragments of the Y chromosome have been derived. The possibility of using these fragments to derive fine structural mapping data for the Y chromosome is considered in this review.

Animals↗