Clinical significance of hyaluronan in rheumatic diseases: comment on the articles by Goldberg et al and Woessner.
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Biomarkers↗
Biomedical subjects
P Netter
Publications and source records attributed to P Netter.
Stereoselective binding of etodolac to human serum albumin.
The protein binding of etodolac enantiomers was studied in vitro by equilibrium dialysis in human serum albumin (HSA) of various concentrations varying from 1 to 40 g/liter, by addition of each enantiomer at increasing concentrations. In the 1 g/liter solution, at the lowest drug levels, the (R)-form is more bound than its antipode, the contrary being observed at the highest drug levels. For higher albumin concentrations, S was bound in a larger extent than R. Using the displacement of specific markers of HSA sites I and II, studied by spectrofluorimetry, it was suggested that R and S are both bound to site I, while only S is strongly bound to site II.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
Regulation of the maize HRGP gene expression by ethylene and wounding. mRNA accumulation and qualitative expression analysis of the promoter by microprojectile bombardment.
The expression of the maize gene coding for a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) has been studied by measuring the mRNA accumulation after wounding or ethylene treatment. RNA blot and in situ hybridization techniques have been used. The temporal and tissue-specific expression has been observed: the cells related to the vascular system show the more intense HRGP mRNA accumulation. Transcriptional constructions of the maize HRGP promoter have been tested on different maize tissues by microbombarding. A 582 bp promoter is able to direct the expression of the gus gene on calli and young leaves. Constructions having shorter promoter sequences lose this ability. The 582 bp construction retains the general specificity of expression observed for the HRGP gene.
Ethylenes↗
The unusual reversion properties of a mitochondrial mutation in the structural gene of subunit I of cytochrome oxidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveal a probable histidine ligand of the redox center.
We have analyzed a mutation in the mitochondrial gene oxi3 coding for subunit I of cytochrome-oxidase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This mutation replaces one of the seven invariant histidines of the polypeptide (position 378) by a tyrosine, and leads to a respiratory deficient phenotype. A total of 157 revertants, which have recovered the ability to grow on a respiratory substrate, have been selected from this mutant (tyrosine 378). The nature of the reversion has been analysed by a rapid screening procedure and 32 of the revertants have been sequenced. They are all true back-mutations reintroducing the histidine in position 378. This very exceptional situation suggests that this histidine is a ligand of the redox center of cytochrome oxidase.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Effect of age on the disposition of sodium fluoride.
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is used in the treatment of axial osteoporosis and so is mostly given to old patients. Since its pharmacokinetics has not been studied in the elderly, the pharmacokinetics of an enteric-coated tablet containing 50 mg NaF has been investigated in 15 aged inpatients (aged 65 to 75 y) and 12 young healthy volunteers (aged 21 to 26 y). The serum AUC of fluoride was 1.7-time higher in older than in younger subjects. There was a strong inverse correlation between the AUC and either body surface area (BSA) or glomerular filtration rate (GFR), both of which were very much lower in the elderly. This concluded that if efficacy or safety are related to the bioavailability of fluoride, it may be valuable to adjust the dosage of fluoride accordingly to the GFR and BSA.
Adult↗
The in vivo systemic effect of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta on fibronectin in rats.
The in vivo systemic effect of interleukin (IL)-1 beta on plasma and cartilage fibronectin was studied in arthritic rats, as well as alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and albumin. Plasma fibronectin showed a 27% increase in the arthritic group, while alpha 1-acid glycoprotein increased 22-fold and albumin decreased by 46%. IL-1 effect depended on the administered dose. 2 micrograms injection significantly increased plasma fibronectin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. In cartilage, fibronectin was significantly modified in arthritic animals but increased in a dose-related manner after IL-1 treatment. As IL-1 increases fibronectin-degrading enzyme production and as some of these fragments can develop properties that do not possess the intact molecule, one can postulate a vicious circle in matrix degradation in the inflammatory process of the joint.
Animals↗
[Ankylosing spondylitis in monozygous twins. Study of HLA complex (author's transl)].
A study of HLA complex (HLA A, B, C, DRw, Bf, chiddo) in monozygous twins suffering from ankylosing spondylitis with different clinical courses. All the markers studied were identified. The results would tend to suggest that hereditary factors are not alone responsible in the course of ankylosing spondylitis. Furthermore, they are not the sole causative factor of the disease since the literature contains reports of discordant pairs of twins.
Adolescent↗
Bismuth-induced osteoarthropathies.
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Adult↗
Pharmacokinetics of salicylates in elderly.
In order to study changes in the pharmacokinetics of salicylates in old people, we used two groups of inpatients without hepatic or renal impairment: the first comprised 15 patients more than 65 years old, mean age 77 years; the second, 7 patients of mean age 21 years. Each patient was given 1 g of acetylsalicylic acid orally in the morning while fasting. Blood samples were subsequently taken after 30, 60 and 90 min and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h. Fluorimetric assay results were analyzed kinetically with a mathematical model corresponding to a single diffusion compartment model. The results showed only a slight increase in the absorption half-time in old subjects, and a marked increase in elimination half-time (3.71 and 2.38 h in old and young subjects, respectively; t = 2.33: p less than 0.05) and in the volume of distribution (5.51 and 3.83 liters respectively; t = 3.20: p less than 0.1). On the other hand, bioavailability varied little, as did metabolic clearance. This study confirms that intestinal absorption of this drug is not much impaired in old people, while hepatic and/or renal elimination functions are changed. This finding agrees with results found for aminopyrine, antipyrine, and digoxin.
Adult↗
Measurement of bismuth in bone by pulse polarography with anodic stripping voltammetry. Application to two cases of arthropathy.
Pulse polarography with anodic stripping has shown the presence of very high levels (2 005 microgram/kg and 6 760 microgram/kg) of bismuth in bone of two patients treated with bismuth, one parenterally and the other orally. The presence of high levels of bismuth in bone of these patients must be considered in the etiology of their athropathies. Pulse polarography with anodic stripping now permits very precise measurement of bismuth impregnating bones.
Aged↗
[Study of cellular elements in synovial fluid in scanning electron microscopy].
Scanning electron microscopy allows a tridimensional morphological study of the cellular elements of the pathological human synovial fluid. The cells are grouped into two populations: macrophage cells and round cells, whose differentiation is more difficult: polynuclears, lymphocytes and synovial cells. The combination of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction makes it possible to describe and indentify crystals of sodium urate and of triclinical, dehydrated calcium pyrophosphate.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
[Effect of diphenylhydantoin administered during gestation and lactation on the motor development and cerebellar histology of the young rat].
Rattus norvegicus females were treated by diphenylhydantoin (D.P.H.), all along pregnancy and lactation. 4 groups were constituted: a 100 mg DPH/kg/day group, a 50 mg DPH/kg/day group; a placebo group (treated with pure water), and control group. D.P.H. was given twice a day by a gastric tube. The cerebellar Purkinje cells studied through light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in young rats (25 days old) showed no visible alteration. 2 motorcoordination tests were applied to the young rats, during their 2nd and 3rd weeks of post-natal life. Young rats of DPH 100, DPH 50 and placebo groups showed a backwardness relatively to control. This backwardness may be attributed to the maternal forced feeding stress, but not to a specific action of the DPH.
Animals↗
[HLA DRw in ankylosing spondylitis].
The association of ankylosing spondylarthritis with the B locus and more specifically with the B 27 antigen, is the closet known for any illness. The absence of linkage with the DRw antigens studied during this project, in 50 patients, can give rise to the hypothesis that spondylarthritis is associated with determinants situated on the B lymphocytes, linked to the HLA-B locus.
Adult↗
[Scintigraphic characteristics of coxopathies: etiologic importance].
Morphological and quantitative studies of the uptake of diphosphonates labelled with technetium 99m were done on 179 pathological hips : 106 aseptic osteonecroses of the femoral head, including 20 at an early stage, 11 algodystrophias (transitory osteoporoses of the hip), 20 coxarthrosis, 16 cases of Paget's disease, 12 isolated malignant lesions of the femoral neck. The location, extent and intensity of the uptake are very variable and depend not only on the etiology of the lesions but also on their stage of evolution. Bone scintigraphy provides, for numerous pathological hips, pieces of information which complete the results of the clinical, radiological and biological study, with which it should always be compared. It can shed light on the etiologic diagnosis of a painful hip at the beginning of its evolution, before the appearance of rare x-ray signs, thanks to certain very precise characteristics of the labelling. This is the case for algdystrophias, osteonecroses, coxitis and strain fractures of the femoral neck.
Femur Head Necrosis↗
[Experimental psychophysiological studies on the effects of fenetylline and mefenorex].
16 male subjects were tested 1--7 h after the application of either 40 mg of the anorectic mefenorex, 50 mg of the stimulant fenetylline or a placebo by a battery of psychophysiological and psychological methods. Two problems of basic psychological interest were investigated: 1. covariation of appetite and central stimulation; 2. indicators of activation assessed by different parameters. The results concerning the first problem were inconclusive. The results with respect to the second show that pharmacological substances may cause dissociation of different indicators of activation.
Amphetamines↗
Urate crystals in gout.
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Crystallization↗
[Scanning electron microscopy study of the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis].
A comparative study under the scanning electron microscope of rheumatoid synovial membranes, 5 arthrosic synovial membranes, one tuberculous membrane, and 3 normal synovial membranes showed the pathological changes in the synovial membrane due to rheumatoid arthritis: Inflammatory aspect of the synovial fringes, surrounded by turgid and proliferative villous processes. Granular appearance of the endo-articular surface like a "pebble beach". Dome-shaped synoviocyte layer, standing out well above the subjacent intimal layer, associated with small round cells, also with a raised margin, covering most of the endo-articular surface. Plasma membrane of the superficial synovial cells, covered with numerous and various differentiations and abundant microvillous processes. Reticular deposits or layers, covering the apical poles of the synoviocytes.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
[Interpretation of and indications for bone scintiscans].
The interpretatiton of a bone radioisotope scan requires perfect knowledge of normal skeletal appearances, shadows outside the bones and the various methods of expression of bony lesions: generally hyperfixations but sometimes isofixations or even hypofixations. A bone scan permits one to make an overall assessment of multiple bony lesions, determine the extent of a lesion, detect bony complications of a disease or treatment and seek the bony origin of a pain.
Bone Diseases↗