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Biomedical subjects

P Nicoletti

Publications and source records attributed to P Nicoletti.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Antibodies in calves on feed supplemented with chlortetracycline after vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19.

Twenty dairy heifers each consumed 350 mg of chlortetracycline/day in their feed. Four tests were performed on serum specimens from these and 20 control calves after vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19. The numbers of positive test results on the card test and mean titers on the tube and rivanol agglutination and complement-fixation tests were compared in the 2 groups. Using the rivanol and complement-fixation tests, there were differences in the mean titers at weeks 5 and 6 after vaccination, but by week 10, differences were not found. The results suggest that addition of low concentration of chlortetracycline in feeds have minimal effects on postvaccinal serologic reactions determined after strain-19 inoculation.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1987

Comparative in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin against resistant clinical isolates.

The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of three new quinolones, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin, was compared against 194 recent clinical isolates, 50 S. aureus, 50 E. coli, 45 E. cloacae and 49 P. aeruginosa. About half of the strains were resistant to a standard reference antibiotic like oxacillin (S. aureus), ampicillin (E. coli), gentamicin (E. cloacae) and amikacin (P. aeruginosa). The resistant selected strains were less susceptible to the three fluoroquinolones tested than the parent isolates, but, except for pefloxacin against E. cloacae and P. aeruginosa, the decrease in susceptibility was relatively low and MICs remained below the resistance break-point.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Ciprofloxacin inhibition of cefoxitin betalactamase induction in an Enterobacter cloacae strain.

The betalactamase activity of an Enterobacter cloacae strain was measured using subinhibitory concentrations of cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin respectively as enzyme inducer and induction inhibitor. Cultures of this strain were also exposed to different ceftriaxone concentrations either alone or in the presence of cefoxitin and/or ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin at subinhibitory concentrations does not interfere with ceftriaxone's activity and is capable of neutralizing the antagonistic effect of cefoxitin on ceftriaxone. The enzyme assay and MS-2 System demonstrate ciprofloxacin's partial suppression of cefoxitin betalactamase induction in the E. cloacae strain tested.

Cefoxitin↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the results of card, rivanol, complement-fixation, and milk ring tests with the isolation rate of Brucella abortus from cattle.

Specimens from 4,553 cows were examined by card, Rivanol, and complement-fixation (CF) tests and bacteriologic culture. A ring test was performed on milk from 1,003 of these cows. The isolation rate of Brucella abortus correlated directly with antibody titers, and the field strain predominated in adult-vaccinated cows when the Rivanol test titer was greater than + 100 and the CF test titer was greater than 4 + 40. The CF test had the best balance of sensitivity and specificity in adult-vaccinated cows. The false-negative rate for the Rivanol and CF tests was higher in nonadult-vaccinated cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the susceptibility of Brucella abortus isolates obtained before and after cows were treated with oxytetracycline and streptomycin.

Eight isolates of Brucella abortus were obtained from cows before and after they were treated with oxytetracycline and streptomycin. The susceptibility to these antibiotics was determined by broth-dilution minimal inhibitory and minimal lethal concentrations. Differences were not found in the minimal lethal concentrations of oxytetracycline or streptomycin in isolates obtained from cows before and after they were treated. This indicates that treatment failures in the cows were not the result of development of resistance to the antibiotics by B abortus.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Frequency of isolation and drug resistance of bacterial strains from urine samples tested in the Bacteriology and Virology Laboratory of the U.S.L. 10/D in Florence].

Two thousand five hundred and sixty-eight positive monomicrobic urine samples (from general practice and hospital wards) were examined and isolated strains were tested against various antimicrobial drugs. Our findings showed that urinary-tract infections caused by Escherichia coli were the most common in females, whereas those by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus rettgeri, Enterobacter species, other difficult Gram-negative rods and Streptococcus faecalis were in total the most common in males. If we compare the strains isolated from general practice with those from the hospital, no significant differences were observed. E. coli strains were the most susceptible to the tested drugs; cefotaxime, amikacin, cefuroxime and ceftazidime were the most effective drugs against Enterobacter species, Ps. aeruginosa, P. rettgeri and Proteus mirabilis. P. mirabilis and Str. faecalis strains isolated in the hospital were more chemo-resistant than those isolated in general practice. Ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole were less active against E. coli strains isolated from children's departments in comparison with the others.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of long-acting oxytetracycline alone or combined with streptomycin in the treatment of bovine brucellosis.

Twenty-nine Brucella abortus culture-positive cows were treated with a long-acting oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg of body weight, IM) alone or combined with streptomycin (25 mg/kg, IM or IV) or were re-treated with the same product. There appeared to be a synergism by the 2 drugs. Of 21 courses of treatment with the combined antibiotics, 14 (67%) were considered successful. Only 3 of 14 (21%) were successful using oxytetracycline alone. The period from onset of therapy to cessation of shedding in udder secretions was variable. Four cows that ceased shedding were culture-positive in tissues taken at slaughter. The titers on tube agglutination and complement-fixation tests were of limited value in short-term evaluations of therapeutic regimens.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Comparative in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of flurithromycin by means of the MS-2 Abbott Research System.

The study reports the results of an in vitro comparative evaluation of flurithromycin by means of MS-2 research system analyzing the growth curve patterns of recently isolated strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. faecalis and H. influenzae. Flurithromycin is provided with superior activity to that of josamycin and practically superimposed on that of erythromycin. Of the 4 bacterial species studied, S. faecalis is the most sensitive, followed by Staphylococci and H. influenzae in decreasing order of sensitivity.

Enterococcus faecalis↗
PubMed1984

Vaccination of cattle with Brucella abortus strain 19 administered by differing routes and doses.

As a result of brucellosis control problems in large Florida dairy herds the use of Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccination has been re-examined. Cattle were vaccinated with different doses of Brucella abortus strain 19 administered by different routes. On the whole, the route of administration was found to have little influence on the efficacy of the vaccine, although the efficacy of vaccine administered orally was difficult to assess. The reduced doses given subcutaneously was selected as the preferred method for adult cattle vaccination.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime in coincidence for short-term antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery.

In 48 patients undergoing elective gynecological, urological and otorhinolaryngological surgery a pharmacokinetic study after 1 g dose of ceftriaxone or cefotaxime was done. Concentrations of the two antibiotics were studied in interstitial fluid with the suction blister technique and in some tissues collected during the operation. The mean tissue levels were generally higher after ceftriaxone administration than after cefotaxime and for both drugs they were lower than the contemporary drug levels in interstitial fluid. However at the concentrations found almost all aerobic and anaerobic bacteria causing postoperative wound infections are inhibited.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1984

Effectiveness of various therapeutic regimens for bovine brucellosis.

Various chemotherapeutic regimens were evaluated in 48 culture-positive dairy cows. Cessation of shedding of Brucella abortus from udder secretions and absence in selected tissues at necropsy were criteria of success. A combination of a long-acting oxytetracycline and streptomycin eliminated Brucella in 10 of 14 (71.4%) cows. Two cows that were retreated with the same regimen also became culture-negative. Other treatment regimens, including the use of liposome-encapsulated antibiotics, were less successful. Serotests were a poor criterion of effectiveness.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1984

The epidemiology of brucellosis in animals.

The Brucella spp. may infect a wide variety of both domesticated and feral animals. However, classic symptoms are usually limited to hosts typically associated with singular bacterial species. The host-parasite relationship is influenced by many factors such as age, gestation, virulence and number of bacteria. Environmental conditions such as animal density affect exposure to infection. A diagnosis of herd infection is usually simple, but individual diagnoses can be complicated. Influences such as incubation period, vaccine titers, and heterospecific antigenic stimuli must be considered. A wide variety of test methods is available. The control of animal brucellosis is affected by many factors and is made difficult by modern agricultural practices such as increases in herd size and commerce. These and ancient practices such as nomadism may limit the effectiveness of organized programs. The use of vaccines will continue to play a major role in control in most countries. Research will hopefully lead to the development of more accurate and simple diagnostic methods, improved vaccines, and a better understanding of the host-parasite compatibility. New delivery mechanisms may prove beneficial in chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The use of a brucella protein antigen in dermal hypersensitivity as an adjunct method to diagnose bovine brucellosis.

A total of 191 cows in 3 herds were injected with a brucella protein antigen in an effort to compare serologic and bacteriologic findings with delayed hypersensitivity and to possibly detect incubative brucellosis. Using cultural and serologic results, the responses to the BPA antigen were inferior to serologic tests in the diagnosis of infection. None of the 23 skin test positive/seronegative cows were positive on subsequent herd blood tests.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

Protection by oral administration of brucella abortus strain 19 against an oral challenge exposure with a pathogenic strain of Brucella.

Twenty heifers were vaccinated orally with Brucella abortus strain 19. These heifers and 21 control heifers were challenge exposed in midgestation with strain 2308 by the oral route. Ten of 19 pregnant control heifers aborted and 14 were culture positive. Two additional heifers were seropositive at slaughter. Strain 2308 was recovered from 4 vaccinates at slaughter; none of the vaccinates aborted. Titers after oral vaccination persisted for less than 82 days.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

[Use of the radiometric method in microbiological diagnosis].

The authors reported the results of a radiometric method (Bactec) on the detection of gentamicin serum levels, bacteriaemia and identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The serum gentamicin assay procedure proved to be sensitive, accurate, reliable and correlated well with radioimmunoassay (RIA). Positivity revelation of bacteriaemia, evaluated on simulated blood cultures, was much more sensitive than the Castaneda method. The radiometric method, performed on 14 recent isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gave perfect identification in all cases.

Carbon Dioxide↗