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Biomedical subjects

P Novelli

Publications and source records attributed to P Novelli.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Treatment of epidemic and pandemic influenza with neuraminidase and M2 proton channel inhibitors.

A small armentarium of anti-influenza drugs now exists, and includes the M2 blockers (amantadine and rimantadine) and the neuraminidase inhibitors (Relenza and Tamiflu). The neuraminidase inhibitors have certain advantages, including a broader spectrum of antiviral activity, including influenza A and B viruses. On the other hand, there is now much clinical experience with the M2 blockers, and these drugs are inexpensive. It is clear that influenza in different community groups needs to be managed in specific and targeted ways. For example, in the over-65-years and at-risk groups, vaccination will remain a mainstay of disease prevention. However, up to 40% of those in these groups may fail to receive vaccine, and therefore the antivirals can be used therapeutically, or, in defined circumstances, as prophylactics. At present, influenza is hardly managed in the community. The infrequent global outbreaks, pandemics, present further problems. The more extensive use of the two classes of antivirals, and also vaccines, in the important interpandemic years will provide a very significant investment in health benefits in the face of a new pandemic virus in an otherwise completely vulnerable population.

Acetamides↗
PubMed2002

Construction and characterization of a full-length HIV-1(92UG001) subtype D infectious molecular clone.

Here we report the construction, sequencing, and biological characterization of a molecular clone of HIV-1(92UG001), a virus representative of subtype D strains circulating in Uganda. The virus produced by the clone has an aggressive syncytium-inducing phenotype, which matches that of the parental virus. This phenotype may be related to duplication of a binding site for a transcription factor, T cell factor 1alpha (TCF-1alpha), in the long terminal repeat of the virus.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Construction and biological characterization of an infectious molecular clone of HIV type 1GB8.

Here we report the construction, sequencing, and repair of a molecular clone of HIV-1GB8, a virus representative of HIV-1 subtype B strains circulating in the UK. The phenotype of virus produced by the clone matches that of the parental virus. The molecular clone will be used in the production of attenuated virus stocks for chemical inactivation to allow development of faccines based on killed whole virus preparations.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Effects of oral glucose administration on plasma growth hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity of GH secretion to the suppressive effect of oral glucose administration in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Comparison of the GH response to an oral glucose load in women with PCOS and in weight-matched normally menstruating women (controls). SETTING: Reproductive endocrinology unit. PATIENT(S): Eighteen obese and 11 nonobese patients and 10 obese and 10 nonobese controls. INTERVENTION(S): After an overnight fast, each woman underwent a 75-g, 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). MEAN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Growth hormone, glucose, and insulin responses to OGTT. RESULT(S): No significant differences in the glycemic and insulinemic responses were found between the patients and the weight-matched controls. No decrease in plasma GH was observed in both obese and nonobese patients and in obese controls during the OGTT, whereas a significant GH decrease occurred in nonobese controls 60 and 120 minutes after glucose intake. CONCLUSION(S): Oral glucose administration was unable to suppress GH levels in nonobese as well as in obese women with PCOS and in obese control women. These data suggest that both PCOS and obesity are associated with a reduced sensitivity of GH secretion to glucose suppression.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Polycystic ovaries and premature male pattern baldness are associated with one allele of the steroid metabolism gene CYP17.

Fourteen Caucasian families with 81 affected individuals have been assessed in which polycystic ovaries/male pattern baldness (PCO/MPB) segregates as an autosomal dominant phenotype (1). The gene CYP17, coding for P450c17 alpha (17 alpha-hydroxylase; 17/20 lyase) on chromosome 10q24.3 is the rate-limiting step in androgen biosynthesis. We have identified a new single base change in the 5' promoter region of CYP17 by heteroduplex analysis. This creates an additional SP1-type (CCACC box) promoter site, which may cause increased expression. This base change also creates a recognition site for the restriction enzyme MspA1 allowing a simple screening procedure. There is a significant association between the presence of this base change (A2) and the affected state for consecutively identified Caucasian women with PCO as compared either to consecutively matched controls (P = 0.03) with an odds ratio for those with at least one A2 allele of 3.57, or to a random population (P = 0.02) with an odds ratio of 2.50. Within the fourteen families, members with PCO or MPB have a significant association with the occurrence of at least one A2 allele compared to their normal relatives, with an odds ratio of 2.20 (P = 0.05). The base change does not cosegregate with the affected phenotype within the families showing association, demonstrating that this mutation of CYP17 does not cause PCO/MPB. Variation in the A2 allele of the CYP17 gene is a significant factor modifying the expression of PCO/MPB in families where it has been demonstrated to segregate as a single gene disorder, but it is excluded as the primary genetic defect.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Small urothelial carcinoma: diagnosis and treatment by cold forceps biopsy.

From 1987 to 1988 we used cold biopsy forceps to remove completely 92 urothelial neoplasms ranging from 0.3 to 3 mm. Rigid biopsy forceps were used. The urologist usually treats these bladder neoplasms by diathermy coagulation, which obviously makes histological study impossible. On the other hand, due to the small size of these lesions even removal with the cutting loop inevitably causes deep regressive modifications that prevent accurate morphological evaluation. Histological examination of the neoplasms removed revealed the presence of low to medium grade (stage Ta, grades 1 to 2) noninfiltrating papillary carcinoma in 75 cases, high grade (stage Ta, grade 3) noninfiltrating papillary carcinoma in 9 and medium to high grade (stage T1, grades 2 to 3) infiltrating papillary carcinoma in 8, 1 of which had areas of squamous cell carcinoma. This method enabled us to study the morphology of the urothelial lesions in the initial phase. In our study population the number of high grade lesions and/or lesions with early signs of infiltration (17 of 92) appears to be noteworthy despite the small size of the tumors.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

[Non-specific solitary ulcer of the transverse colon (presentation of a case and review of the literature)].

In the light of findings emerging from a critical review of the literature, the Authors present a case of solitary non-specific ulcer of the transverse colon successfully treated by surgery. The various pathogenetic theories are examined, and the diagnostic work-up to which the patient must be subjected is discussed. The study concludes with a description of the choice of therapy.

Colonic Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Mediastinal large-cell lymphoma of B-type, with sclerosis: histopathological and immunohistochemical study of eight cases.

Eight cases of mediastinal non-lymphoblastic large-cell lymphoma have been studied by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. A common clinical, morphological and immunophenotypic pattern was identified. Six of eight cases proved to be of B-cell origin by the expression of B-associated antigens detected by specific monoclonal antibodies. Cells of large size with nuclei of varying morphology and a peculiar type of fine compartmentalizing fibrosis were observed in all specimens. Clinically the disease was characterized by the young age of the patients, primary mediastinal involvement, aggressive behaviour and spread to unusual sites (kidneys in four cases). This seems to be a hitherto unrecognized entity in the field of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, often misdiagnosed because of location and a morphology uncommon for B-cell malignancies. Immunohistochemical analysis on frozen tissue sections appears to be mandatory for a correct diagnosis. Nevertheless, this type of lymphoma could be suspected also on the basis of its peculiar clinicopathological characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Considerations regarding a case of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder.

In spite of its rarity, leiomyoma of the bladder deserves to be better known as its diagnosis is not always obvious, depending as it does mainly on urography confirmed by anatomo-pathological examination, and particularly because its treatment is simple and the prognosis always favourable, a fact worthy of note in dealing with a tumour of the bladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps of the colon. A histologic and histochemical study.

One hundred seventy-three hyperplastic polyps removed from the colon of 146 patients were carefully examined by light microscopy in order to evaluate the histologic variants. Seventy polyps were also studied histochemically in order to assess the mucin distribution. Seven polyps measured greater than 1 cm. The frequency of hyperplastic foci has been assessed in a review of 1000 colonic adenomas, 50 juvenile, 30 inflammatory, and six Peutz-Jeghers polyps. The vast majority of the hyperplastic polyps showed features similar to those of inflammatory and ischemic bowel mucosa, leading to the suggestion of an inflammatory-ischemic origin of the polyps. The frequent finding of dysplastic features within hyperplastic polyps greater than 1 cm suggests that at least the large polyps are dysplasia-prone.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

[Surgical treatment of anorectal melanoma (presentation of 2 cases)].

The Authors describe 2 cases of anorectal melanoma, which underwent operation in the Surgical Clinic of Verona in the years 1981-83. They review the literature confirming the high malignancy of this neoplasm, the poor prognosis forecasting a demolishing surgical treatment only. They, at last, once again affirm the principle whereby the results of such surgery are proportional to the stage of evolution the neoplasm is caught in, and the difficulty to reach a precocious diagnosis is therefore one of the main reasons for the scanty remote results of such surgery.

Adult↗