Biomedical subjects

P O Osterlind

Publications and source records attributed to P O Osterlind.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

How people with stroke and healthy older people experience the eating process.

The aim of this study was to describe the process of eating, experiences of eating and oral functions. Participants consisted of 30 people with first stroke and localization of the damage verified by computer topography (CT), and 15 healthy older people. All were observed during test-meals, interviewed about eating, and oral functions were tested. The results demonstrated that most (21) people with stroke had some difficulties in eating and expressed feelings of fear and shame about eating and changed physical and social appearance, mainly related to difficulties in preparing and transporting food to the mouth as well as swallowing deficits.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1998

In-patient rehabilitation after stroke: outcome and factors associated with improvement.

A study aimed at examining the outcome of activities of daily living (ADL) of patients undergoing geriatric stroke rehabilitation was performed. Background and admission data of 99 patients surviving the acute phase and needing further hospital rehabilitation were registered. Forty per cent of the patients improved their ADL ability. The logistic regression modelling with the dichotomous dependent variable improvement versus no improvement showed the following factors associated with improvement: a diagnosis of intracerebral haemorrhage, male sex, high postural stability score at the admission and cohabitation. In conclusion, the most severely affected stroke patients, especially patients with intracerebral haemorrhage, have a great potential for improving their ADL. The results of the logistic regression model can serve as a useful guide when it comes to identifying patients that stand a fair chance of improving during their rehabilitation stay. Equally important, patients with a poor rehabilitation prognosis who may need intensified rehabilitation efforts to achieve optimum improvement can now be identified.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1995

A comparison of oral health in 70-year-old city cohorts in Umeå northern Sweden in 1981 and 1990: oral problems, dental and periodontal status.

A comparison of oral health in two different samples of 70-year-old men and women living in the city of Umeå in 1981 and 1990 showed that a higher frequency of dental visits among men could be expected in the city population in 1990 (95% CI). The frequency and pattern of reported oral problems was similar in 1981 and 1990. Total edentulousness among men and women in 1981/1990 was 31.3/21.4 and 53.5/35.7% respectively. The lower frequency in 1990 was not statistically significant on the population level. The mean number of teeth was lower in dentated men (12.8 +/- 6.0 V.S. 17.4 +/- 5.4) (p < 0.05) and women (16.9 +/- 6.3 V.S. 13.9 +/- 8.4) (n.s.) in 1990 compared with in 1981 and the functional index according to Eichner showed no difference. Thus, the lower frequency of edentulousness in 1990 mainly seemed to be the result of another distribution of about the same total amount of teeth, on more people. The bleeding index showed values around 30% in both cohorts. Both men and women showed less recurrent caries in 1990 (p < or = 0.05). Men showed a higher number of missing teeth (p < or = 0.01) and of decayed root surfaces (p < or = 0.05) in 1990. The latter might be explained by a larger exposed root surface area which was indicated by a higher frequency (n.s.) of surfaces with an attachment level > 3 mm in the cohort examined in 1990. Although, the compared 70-year-old city cohorts in Umeå examined in 1981 and 199 showed a higher frequency of dental visits and of dentated subjects, no improvement in reported oral health or dental status could be found in the 70-year-old in Umeå in 1990.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Memory improvement at different stages of Alzheimer's disease.

Three groups of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (mildly, moderately and severely demented) and two groups of healthy older adults (73 and 82 yr old) were examined on free and cued recall of subject-performed tasks (SPTs) or verbally presented sentences depicting the same verbal information as the SPTs. Results indicated that all groups examined performed better on SPTs than on the verbal task. In addition, for all groups cuing effects were greater in the SPT task than in the verbal task.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Twenty-four-hour electrocardiography in a healthy elderly population.

Twenty-four hour electrocardiography was performed in fifteen 73-year-old and seventeen 82-year-old subjects without known cardiovascular disease. They were selected from a representative population of elderly people. All subjects showed supraventricular premature beats. Supraventricular tachycardia was seen in 63%. Eighty-four percent showed ventricular premature beats (VPBs), and more than two VPB configuration types were seen in 23% of the subjects. Episodes of intermittent atrial flutter and fibrillation, higher-degree atrioventricular blocks and ventricular tachycardia were absent or rare.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Dietary habits in the eighth decade of life.

Of a representative sample of 231 subjects (mean age 74.6 years) 89 women and 94 men were interviewed. The dietary history method was used and the calculated intake compared with Swedish recommendations (RDA-S). Mean intakes of energy and nutrients, except for vitamin D among women, were above the RDA-S. Intake of fat was above the RDA-S, and the proportion of energy intake from fat increased with age. Those who had three cooked meals per day had a higher nutrient density than those who ate one or two such meals. Although the RDA-S were the same for men and women, women had lower mean intakes and a higher proportion of subjects below the RDA-S for calcium, iron and vitamins C and D. More women had intakes of calcium and vitamin D simultaneously below the RDA-S. In most aspects the mean dietary intake was satisfactory according to current standards, but the RDA-S for calcium seems low. Fat intake was too extensive for both sexes and many women stood in risk of undernutrition.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Patterns of memory performance in young-old and old-old adults: a selective review.

Three experiments were discussed as a means of bridging the gap between biological and psychological data on aging and memory. Memory performances of young-old (73 year-old) and old-old (82 year-old) subjects were compared. The common denominator of these experiments was that contextual or cognitive support had been provided at study and/or test. The rationale behind discussing these experiments in the present context was that subjects should be able to use this support to focus attention on the critical aspects of the to-be-remembered information; thereby the subjects should be able to compensate for neurological degeneration pertinent to attentional difficulties. The nature of the differences between young-old and old-old subjects was found to vary among tasks. Study 1 demonstrated qualitative differences between young-old and old-old subjects, whereas Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated the differences to be merely quantitative in nature. Implications for memory training programs for the elderly were discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Health, disorders, and drug consumption in an elderly population in northern Sweden.

A population study of health state, care, and drug consumption among 187 70-, 75-, and 79-year-old persons in Umeå, Sweden, was performed. It was shown subsequently that women felt less healthy and had a higher drug consumption than men, while concerning definable diseases there was no sex difference. Only 13% of the subjects were considered medically healthy, i.e., without definable diseases. 69% had been hospitalized over the age of 60 years.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1984

Blood components in an elderly population.

The reference intervals of 18 blood components were established for an elderly population in the 8th decade of life. The most significant findings were a broader range of values for most of the components, lower values of plasma folate and plasma potassium and higher values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, plasma creatinine and serum cholesterol, the lattermost in women only, compared to younger people.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Drug consumption during the last decade among persons born in 1902 in Umeå, Sweden. A longitudinal population study.

A population study of drug consumption among people born in 1902 was performed in Umeå, Sweden. The cohort was followed between 79 and 88 years of age. The number of persons in the study varied between 124 and 72. Mean consumption increased from 2.5 to 5.2 drugs per man and from 3.3 to 5.3 per woman. The main correlate of this increase was shown to be the aging individuals' greater morbidity. Cardiovascular preparations, analgesics, psychoactive substances and drugs used to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common. At the age of 88 years, 45 to 55% of the individuals used drugs belonging to each one of these drug groups. Furthermore, during the 9 years of study there was a substantial increase in use of these drug groups except for the cardiovascular agents, of which the consumption was constant. The proportion of subjects on regular drugs increased from 82% at 79 years to 95% at 88 years of age. Benzodiazepines were, at 88 years, used by almost 40% of the population; at the same age, 43% were using laxatives and 37% diuretics. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) was the most common analgesic used. Total consumption of drugs prescribed for hypertension decreased considerably, from 23 to 10%, despite an increase in the use of loop diuretics and vasodilating agents.

Aged↗