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Biomedical subjects

P O'Hanlon

Publications and source records attributed to P O'Hanlon.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Characterization of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus. II. Mechanism of inhibition by reaction intermediate and pseudomonic acid analogues studied using transient and steady-state kinetics.

The interactions of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS, E) from Staphylococcus aureus with both intermediate analogues and pseudomonic acid (PS-A) have been investigated using transient and steady-state techniques. Non-hydrolyzable analogues of isoleucyl-AMP (I) were simple competitive inhibitors (Ile-ol-AMP, Ki = 50 nM and Ile-NHSO2-AMP, Ki = 1 nM;). PS-A (J) inhibits IleRS via a slow-tight binding competitive mechanism where E.J (Kj = approximately 2 nM), undergoes an isomerization to form a stabilized E*.J complex (K*j = 50 pM). To overcome tight-binding artifacts when K*j << [E], K*j values were estimated from PPi/ATP exchange where [S] >> Km, thus raising K*j,app well above [E]. Using [3H]PS-A, it was confirmed that binding occurs with 1:1 stoichiometry and is reversible. Formation of inhibitor complexes was monitored directly through changes in enzyme tryptophan fluorescence. For Ile-ol-AMP and Ile-NHSO2-AMP, the fluorescence intensity of E.I was identical to that when E.Ile-AMP forms catalytically. Binding of PS-A induced only a small change in IleRS fluorescence that was characterized using transient kinetic competition. SB-205952, a PS-A analogue, produced a 37% quenching of IleRS fluorescence upon binding as a result of radiationless energy transfer. Inhibitor reversal rates were obtained by measuring relaxation between spectroscopically different complexes. Together, these data represent a comprehensive solution to the kinetics of inhibition by these compounds.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Lessons learned during the INSURRECT project (INteractive SURgical Teaching at REmote CeNtres).

The INSURRECT project began in 1993 as a collaboration between six UK universities in distance teaching of undergraduate surgery. The first year was spent in testing the network and preparing the course material. This was followed by a two-year pilot teaching course. During this phase, 108 teaching sessions were conducted, involving more than 1300 students in all. It was found that successful teaching depended on increasing the amount of audience interaction was much as possible and transmitting high-quality video pictures. Although the time taken to deliver material by interactive video was greater than for conventional lectures, both students and teachers responded favourably to the project.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1995

Broadband telemedicine: teaching on the information superhighway.

The INSURRECT project uses the SuperJANET network to link six sites in the UK for interactive teaching and learning in surgery, an area of higher education where visual information is critical to the learning process. Collaboration between the six universities allows students access to a larger pool of surgical expertise and case studies than any single institution could provide. The project expects to improve the time that medical students can devote to surgery by up to 50%, by providing both supervised and unsupervised access to important visual information and case studies. Finally, the reduction in student numbers in operating theatres should reduce the infection risk to patients. A key component of the project is the central image resource, located in London, but allowing students and surgeons access from anywhere on the network. This paper describes the development of the interactive surgical teaching system and our experience with it during the first 18 months. One subjective observation, noticed after just one term's teaching, was the improved quality of the teaching.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1983

Socioeconomic factors and dietary intake of elderly Missourians.

Nutrient intake of elderly persons as determined by dietary histories based on food frequencies was examined in relation to various socioeconomic factors. A significantly larger proportion of women than of men had inadequate intakes for energy, calcium, iron, thiamin, and riboflavin. Housing, education, marital status, and work experiences were significantly related to the intake of one or more nutrients. Dietary ratings based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances for nine nutrients indicated that women, persons living in high-rise apartments for the elderly, and individuals who had recently retired were more likely to have poor ratings.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Association of participation in a nutritional program for the elderly with nutritional status.

The nutritional status of 547 participants of the Title VII Nutrition Program for the Elderly was assessed by anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary means. The nutriture for vitamins A and C was positively associated with frequency of participation in the program using biochemical and dietary methods of assessment. A significant smaller percentage of persons who participated in the program on a regular basis had inadequate intakes of riboflavin and thiamin. Fewer persons had anemia and low serum iron concentrations than was reported in an earlier baseline study. However, in this group of persons frequency of participation was not associated with anemia or serum iron-concentrations. Participation in the program was not significantly related to the dietary intake of energy, saturated fat, and cholesterol or to the incidence of obesity when assessed using triceps skinfold thickness, ponderal index, body mass index, and percentage of desirable weight. It can be concluded that the Title VII Nutrition Program for the Elderly is associated with improvement in the nutritional status of the participants.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Title VII--Nutrition Program for the Elderly. II. Relationship of socioeconomic factors to one day's nutrient intake.

Food records from 466 participants in the Title VII Nutrition Program for the Elderly were analyzed to determine the relationship of eating at the program site to improvement in dietary intake and to socioeconomic factors. The subjects were divided into three groups: (a) Participants who ate at the meal site on the day of the food record, (b) participants who did not eat there on the day of the food record, and (c) non-participants. Eating at the meal site erased significant differences in dietary intake of nutrients consumed at home related to sex, education, and occupation. Seven nutrients and energy were significantly associated with these factors for both groups of persons not eating at the meal site on the day of the record. However, only sex was related to intake of nutrients (energy, protein, and thiamin) for those eating at the meal site. Women and the socioeconomically disadvantaged benefited the most from the program.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Dietary studies of older Americans.

Dietary surveys assessing the nutrient intake of older Americans have been briefly summarized to make information readily available to researchers, nutrition educators, and other interested persons. Calories and eight nutrients are discussed in terms of studies reporting means below the standards used, or at least one-third of the subjects with inadequate intakes. Food energy and calcium were the nutrients most frequently found to be below standards. The mean caloric intake was below the standards used in all large national surveys and a number of the smaller studies. Calcium was deficient in many of the studies, with more women likely to have an inadequate intake than men. Protein and niacin were the nutrients most often found to be sufficient. The mean intake of protein was adequate in all reviewed studies, with the exception of the Ten-State Survey, regardless of standard or dietary methodology used to estimate protein consumption. Nevertheless, several studies reported that at least one-third of their subjects fell below the standard used. The mean intake of niacin was inadequate in the Missouri Congregate Meals Program Survey and in two small studies. The Ten-State Nutrition Survey reported at least one-half the females and one-third the males with intakes less than 6.6 mg/1000 kcal.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Title VII--Nutrition Program for the Elderly. I. Contribution to one day's dietary intake.

Food records kept by 466 individuals participating in the federally funded Nutrition Program for the Elderly show that those eating at the meal site on the day of the food record consumed more energy, protein, and calcium than non-participants and participants who did not eat there on the day of the record. Dietary ratings, which included eight nutrients and energy, indicated they also had better overall diets than non-participants. Non-participants consumed more iron than participants. The daily intake of all nutrients, except calcium, of those eating at the meal site reflected what was offered. Between 40 and 50 per cent of the total daily intake was consumed at the meal center. Women consumed a significantly greater proportion of their daily intake of most nutrients from the food provided by program than the men. The desirability of providing a high proportion of the recommended allowances for protein and other nutrients through the meal program menus is emphasized. The results of the study demonstrated the importance of nutritionists in administrative roles at the state and area levels in determining the effectiveness of a meal program, since food intake reflected menu planning.

Aged↗