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Biomedical subjects

P Odenrick

Publications and source records attributed to P Odenrick.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Evaluation of a workplace redesign of a grocery checkout system.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on the working postures and movements of a cashier when two different locations of the scales (one to the left of the cashier, the other under the conveyer belt in front of the cashier) were used in a grocery checkout system. Two cashiers (of average stature and short stature) were videotaped while working, in both sitting and standing working positions. Analysis of the video tapes was performed using the WOPALAS method and video observations. The results of the study show that the design of the checkout system with the scales under the conveyer belt provides a more favourable working position for both the taller and the shorter cashier. Additionally, the results indicate that a standing position is more favourable than a sitting one for the taller cashier while for the shorter cashier the sitting position is better.

Ergonomics↗
PubMed1994

Head posture measurements among work vehicle drivers and implications for work and workplace design.

An increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders, e.g. from the neck region, has been found among professional drivers of work vehicles. The purpose of this study was to identify causes of postural load and implications for vehicle design and work tasks. A second purpose was to develop the methods for measurement and analysis of head postures. Field measurements of head postures for drivers of fork lift trucks, forestry machines, and cranes were carried out. The equipment used was an electric goniometer measurement system, containing a mechanical transmission between the head and the upper trunk. Methods for data presentation and quantification were developed. The results showed that rotatable and movable driver cabins improved head postures and viewing angles substantially. Narrow window frame structures and large, optimally-placed windows were also advantageous. The steering wheel, controls, and a high backrest restricted shoulder rotation, which increased head rotation in unfavourable viewing angles. Improved workspace layouts and work organization factors such as job enlargement decreased the influence of strenuous postures. The results also showed that head postures should be analysed in two or three dimensions simultaneously, otherwise the postures taken will be underestimated in relation to the maximal voluntary movement.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Isometric muscle force and anthropometric values in normal children aged between 3.5 and 15 years.

Isometric muscle force was measured in 217 normal children aged 3.5-15 years. The standard error of a single determination made by the same observer was ca. 9% of the muscle force. When two measurements were made by different observers the standard error of the difference was estimated at ca. 17%. Reference values for isometric force are given for boys and girls separately. With regard to 7 of the 10 muscle groups tested the force was significantly greater in boys than in girls as early as at ca. 10 years of age. Age and weight were the most important predictors of muscle force.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Postural control in single-limb stance.

Postural control in single-limb stance has previously been shown to be impaired among soccer players with functional instability (FI) of the ankle joint. The aim of the present study was to further study the role of the ankle in postural control. A dynamic method was used involving optoelectronic movement recordings of body segments and force-plate recordings of the reaction ground force. Surface electromyography was recorded for the peroneus longus muscle. Thirty physically active men were selected. Fifteen of them had FI of the ankle chosen for recording. The results show that different patterns exist for maintaining equilibrium in single-limb stance. The ankle has a central role for postural corrections. The position of center of pressure is highly correlated to the position of the ankle and peroneal muscle activity. When the body was in disequilibrium, corrections were made at the hip. It is proposed that a change from an inverted pendulum model to a multisegmental chain model takes place when adjustments at the ankle joint no longer suffice to maintain postural control. The men with FI showed impaired postural control associated with increased upper segmental corrections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of ankle disk training on postural control in patients with functional instability of the ankle joint.

The postural control of ten male soccer players with functional instability (FI) of the ankle joint, i.e., recurrent sprains and/or a feeling of giving way, was studied before and after ankle disk training. Postural control was studied by means of stabilometry and an optoelectronic movement recording system. In the present study, we found increased postural sway in men with functional instability, which is in line with previous studies. We found improved postural control after ankle disk training as shown by stabilometry. Postural correction patterns were restored, and segmental displacement amplitudes reached even supranormal values. A subgroup of players with unilateral FI also decreased postural sway when standing on the non-symptomatic, untrained foot after ankle disk training. This bilateral improvement and the restored postural correction pattern do not tally with Freemans proprioceptive theory for postural control, but stresses the importance of central motor programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Stabilometry recordings in functional and mechanical instability of the ankle joint.

Functional instability, i.e. recurrent sprains or a feeling of giving way in the joint, is common after ankle sprain. Using stabilometry, an objective and quantitative method for studying postural control, we earlier showed that soccer players with pathological stabilometric results are at risk for ankle joint injury. In the present study we found that the ability to maintain postural equilibrium as demonstrated by stabilometry was reduced among players with functional instability, but was not affected by mechanical instability. The results indicate that coordination and postural control are important for functional instability of the ankle.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1984

Postural sway and gait of children with convergent strabismus.

Postural sway and gait of 35 children with convergent strabismus were tested and compared with those of a control group. They were found to have a short stride-length and single-limb support time in walking, particularly at slow speeds. The girls had a large postural sway, but not the boys. The results suggest a common visuomotor disturbance of eye and limb motor-control.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Development of postural sway in the normal child.

The postural sway was examined in 64 healthy children, aged 3.5 to 17 years. The recordings were done in ordinary standing posture on a force platform, with eyes open and closed. For children younger than 10 years, boys swayed more than girls. The sway amplitude decreased with age for boys, but not for girls. The decrease in sway was equally pronounced in sagittal and lateral direction. The amplitude of sway was higher in sagittal than in lateral direction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Development of gait in the normal child.

Gait patterns of 230 normal children, 3 to 16 years old, were studied with the aid of footswitches. They walked in three different requested velocities. Velocity, stride length, cadence, and the temporal phases of the stride were recorded along with leg length of the subjects. These gait parameters change with age, and the changes are most pronounced up to 8 to 10 years. Thereafter, only minor changes take place and leg length becomes the dominating factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The phases of the stride and their interaction in human gait.

The temporal relations between the phases of the stride have been investigated in 23 subjects of both sexes and with an age from 20 to 70 years. They were requested to walk freely in five different speeds from very slow to very fast. Equations defining the relations between the different phases of the stride have been set up as well as equations of regression for stride length and cadence versus velocity, for cadence versus stride length and for the phases of the stride versus stride duration. The equations may be used to predict expected values from known velocities and stride durations in pathological cases and help to explain the interaction between different phases of the stride. In pathological cases they may therefore be used for a better understanding of the dynamic relations between the primary disturbance and the compensating postural reactions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of gait in spastic children with cerebral palsy.

The gait of 50 spastic children 3-16 years old was recorded and analyzed. All children showed abnormal values of both basal parameters and phases of the stride. In gait velocity and stride length, their values were lower than normal, but they increased with age, with stride length increasing in parallel with normal values. Stride frequency showed a decrease with age, the reverse of normal. Stance and swing, when normalized with regard to stride duration, showed no change with age in spastic children. Also, stance was longer than in normal children, the same tendency as shown by double support. Hemiplegic children showed clearly asymmetric phases. The decreasing stride frequency with increasing age indicates a relative slowing of movements. Most changes with age were, however, the same as in normal children. The prolonged stance and double support suggest deteriorated postural control, resulting in an increased need of support.

Adolescent↗