Embracing diversity.
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Black or African American↗
Biomedical subjects
P Ohmans
Publications and source records attributed to P Ohmans.
Barriers to health care for immigrants and nonimmigrants: a comparative study.
A survey asked medical social workers and visiting public health nurses to identify health problems and to compare barriers to health care experienced by immigrants and nonimmigrants in the Twin Cities area. Respondents considered infectious diseases a more significant problem for immigrants; they saw alcohol and chemical dependency as more problematic for nonimmigrants. Survey respondents thought that both groups experienced many of the same logistical barriers, including inadequate insurance coverage, transportation, mental stress, time constraints, and distance to their health care facilities. They identified language barriers and the need for trained interpreters as barriers for immigrants only. The survey confirmed widely held assumptions that cultural barriers are more problematic for immigrants, although these barriers were also perceived for nonimmigrants. Participants identified 16 of 18 health services as more available for nonimmigrants. Emergency and obstetrical services are equally available to the two groups, according to survey respondents.
Acculturation↗
Cultural barriers to health care for refugees and immigrants. Providers' perceptions.
What are the barriers to good health care for immigrants who have come to the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area since the early 1980s? Why do immigrants often delay or avoid seeking mainstream health care services? The research described here examines these questions from the perspective of nonimmigrant health care providers in the Twin Cities. The 24 metropolitan health care providers interviewed in our study confirmed the existence of significant barriers to health care-barriers that probably differ from those experienced by nonimmigrant patients. Refugees and immigrants from other cultures had varying culturally based reactions to Western-style, allopathic medicine-some positive and many negative. Providers and administrators must consider these barriers when serving a growing population of immigrant patients.
Adult↗
Safer sex maintenance and reduction of unsafe sex among homosexually active men: a new therapeutic approach.
To date, publicly funded HIV/AIDS prevention efforts for homosexually active men have largely been limited to two traditional public health strategies: mass media information campaigns and HIV testing/contact notification programs. Health educators using either of these strategies have addressed the spread of HIV as they would many other infectious diseases and have relied heavily upon fear tactics or moral arguments to 'sell' the concept of safer sex. Grass-roots gay community efforts to prevent HIV transmission have also largely relied upon these two strategies, as well as upon more informal individual and group counseling activities. In general, however, strategies used by the gay community have tried to present more positive approaches to AIDS prevention, including eroticizing safer sex practices. This article reviews the efficacy of traditional public health approaches as well as the educational models underlying them, and argues that a major shift in focus is needed. A comprehensive health care and sexuality education model for homosexually active men based on the 'PLISSIST' sex therapy model is described and advocated. This model is presented as a more useful one for identifying populations at risk, reducing unsafe sexual behavior and promoting safer sex maintenance. The model identifies five sub-populations among homosexually active men and recommends specialized interventions appropriate to each. Adequate funding for the services included in this model is also advocated.
Community Networks↗