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Biomedical subjects

P Oian

Publications and source records attributed to P Oian.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Pregnancy, essential hypertension and chronic renal disease].

Women with chronic hypertension or renal disease are at a particular high risk of developing pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is associated with an increased risk of fetomaternal complications. In women with uncomplicated mild and moderate hypertension, pregnancy is usually normal. Treatment of high blood pressure aims at reducing maternal cardio- and cerebrovascular catastrophies, and the benefit of the treatment must be weighed against possible harmful effects on the foetus. In some cases, antihypertensive treatment can be discontinued, or medication changed. Preconceptional counselling is important both for women with chronic hypertension and, even more so, for women with renal disease, since the outcome of the pregnancy may be affected by the underlying disease.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Smoking, hemoglobin concentration and pregnancy-induced hypertension.

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on first- to second-trimester change in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and the presence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). In smokers and non-smokers the mean difference between the first- and second-trimester Hb concentration was 1.5-1.6 and 1.3 g/dl, respectively (p < 0.0001). The incidence of PIH among smokers and non-smokers was 4.0 and 7.5%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The risk of PIH increased with increasing second-trimester Hb. After adjustment for factors including previous pregnancies, maternal age and weight gain by logistic regression analysis, the increased Hb declined and the decreased incidence of PIH in smokers persisted.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Capillary protein leak syndrome appears to explain fluid retention in cancer patients who receive docetaxel treatment.

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to elucidate whether the fluid retention syndrome induced by docetaxel is caused by capillary protein leakage or by other mechanisms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 23 patients) or metastatic head and neck cancer (one patient) were included on this prospective, nonrandomized trial. Docetaxel 100 mg/m2 was administered every 3 weeks with 5 days of dexamethasone prophylaxis to avoid hypersensitivity reactions and edema formation. Transcapillary forces, ie, colloid osmotic pressure of plasma (COPpl) and interstitial fluid (COPint) and interstitial hydrostatic pressure (Pint), were measured before the start of treatment and after total docetaxel doses of 200 and 500 mg/m2 by means of the well-documented wick and wick-in-needle methods. Body weight, degree of edema, blood pressure, and heart rate and hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and total protein values were registered in parallel. RESULTS: After a total docetaxel dose of 200 mg/m2, COPpl, COPint, and hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, and total protein values had decreased significantly; Pint and body weight were unchanged; and only mild edema was observed. These findings suggest a plasma volume increase followed by enhanced fluid filtration to the interstitium. After a cumulative docetaxel dose of 500 mg/m2, the COPpl continued to decrease significantly, but COPint remained unchanged despite a significant increase in mean body weight and edema formation. These observations support the theory of a capillary protein leakage. CONCLUSION: Docetaxel appears to induce an initial enhancement of fluid filtration followed by a capillary protein leakage that leads to edema formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Mutations in mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid genes in preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether maternally inherited mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid mutations could be associated with preeclampsia because mendelian models fail to explain all the aspects of inheritance in preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: In two families with a high occurrence of preeclampsia and eclampsia the 22 mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid genes were sequenced in eight and three women, respectively. RESULTS: An A-to-G mutation in transfer ribonucleic acidleu[UUR] at nucleotide 3243 was found in one family, and in the other there was an A-to-G mutation at nucleotide 12308 in transfer ribonucleic acidleu[CUN]. Mutations of mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid genes are generally considered to have systemic consequences, which might explain the multiorgan involvement seen in preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: We report for the first time mutations in mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid genes in two families with a high occurrence of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by point mutations of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid is maternally inherited, but in the case of mutations of nuclear genes mitochondrial dysfunction can be inherited as an autosomal recessive or dominant trait.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Laser doppler-recorded reactive hyperaemia in the forearm skin during the menstrual cycle.

OBJECTIVE: By means of laser Doppler flowmetry to describe the changes in resting microvascular perfusion and post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia in skin of the forearm and finger pulp throughout the menstrual cycle. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study. SETTING: University Hospital of Tromso, Norway. SAMPLE: Fifteen nonsmoking healthy women were studied in the follicular (days 2 to 7) and the luteal (days 19 to 24) phase of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Resting perfusion in forearm and finger pulp as well as post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia in finger pulp were unchanged from the follicular to the luteal phase. The peak perfusion value of the reactive hyperaemic response after 1 min of arterial occlusion was significantly reduced from the follicular to the luteal phase (P<0.01) in forearm skin. The repayment for the blood flow debt, which is the hyperaemic response in percentage of the ischaemic build-up, was also reduced (P<0.01). After 3 min of arterial occlusion, significant reductions in peak post-occlusive flow (P<0.01), recovery time, which is the total duration of the hyperaemic response (P<0.01), and the repayment (P<0.01) were observed. A significant correlation was found between the ratio serum oestradiol/progesterone and repayment after 3 min of arterial occlusion in forearm skin (r=0.71,P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Vascular reactivity is altered during the menstrual cycle. In the luteal phase, significant reductions in peak perfusion, repayment and recovery time were seen. The mechanisms behind these findings are unclear, but probably involve changes in both serum oestradiol and progesterone levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Pregnancy outcome after laser surgery for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

BACKGROUND: Little is published about obstetrical problems after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with the C02-laser. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of low birth weight in the subsequent pregnancy after laser conization or vaporization in a follow-up study of women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods. Of 319 women treated for CIN with the C02-laser in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Tromsø, Norway and followed for pregnancy outcome, 87 women had given birth (after 24th week) four to nine years after treatment. Sixty-five women had undergone conization and 22 women had been treated with vaporization. For each delivery, two controls matched for parity, age (+/- 3 years) and place of delivery were identified. The material was analyzed as a matched cohort study. RESULTS: A strong relationship was found between conization and low birth weight. Mean birth weight after conization was 3185 g vs 3473 g,in the control women (p=0.03). Thirteen (20%) infants from women subject to conization had birth weight less than 2500 g. Relative risk of birth weight<2500 g was 2.2 (1.04-4.5) after conization, for<2000 g and< 1500 g the risk was 3.5 (1.02-12.0) and 10.0 (1.2-85.6), respectively. Four women (6.2%) with normal deliveries prior to conization experienced one or several stillbirths after treatment. No difference in birth weight was observed for women after vaporization compared to their controls. CONCLUSION: Excisional surgery on the cervix increases the risk for low birth weight in subsequent pregnancies. Pregnant women with prior conization need careful antenatal care.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Changes in blood flow distribution and capillary function after deep hypothermia in rat.

The present experiments were carried out in the rat to investigate the peripheral vascular function prior to the development of posthypothermic circulatory collapse. In the first study, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, regional blood flow, and plasma volume of hypothermic (4 h, 15-13 degrees C) and rewarmed rats were compared with normothermic controls. In response to hypothermia, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output declined markedly. After rewarming, arterial blood pressure and heart rate recovered fully, whereas cardiac output was only 33 +/- 7% of the control value (p < 0.025). Tissue blood flow was markedly depressed during hypothermia (p < 0.025), except for the abdominal skin. After rewarming, blood flow in skeletal muscle returned to within control levels, whereas blood flow in internal organs remained low (p < 0.025 vs. control). Posthypothermic plasma volume was 77 +/- 3% of control (p < 0.05). In the second study, the transcapillary colloid osmotic pressure gradient (COPp-COPi) was calculated following measurement of colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (COPp) and interstitium (COPi) in prehypothermic, hypothermic, and posthypothermic rats. The posthypothermic value of COPp-COPi was 76 +/- 4% of the prehypothermic value (p < 0.05). In conclusion this study demonstrates that the reduced cardiac output in rewarmed rats is associated with an altered regional blood flow distribution compared with that of normal rats. Capillary integrity also seemed perturbed. Thus, changes in both control and function of the peripheral vasculature are important mechanisms in the development of a posthypothermic circulatory collapse.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Monocyte-platelet function and protection against cardiovascular disease.

Observational studies reveal a cardioprotective effect of hormone replacement therapy. The precise mechanisms whereby this treatment influences disease risk are not fully understood. Much attention has been paid to changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, but this explains only part of the protective effect. In this short review, the roles of monocyte and platelet function in atherogenesis and thrombus formation are discussed. It is shown that hormone replacement therapy favourably down-regulates monocyte and platelet reactivity, which may be important in explaining the beneficial effect on the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Transcapillary forces of the subcutaneous tissue in patients treated with interleukin-2 and alpha-interferon: no capillary protein leak syndrome?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha-2a) causes protein leakage from plasma to the interstitium, leading to the so called 'capillary leak syndrome'. This syndrome is supposed to cause dose-limiting side effects such as weight gain, edema and pleural effusions. Seven patients with disseminated malignant melanoma or renal carcinoma were studied before and after 5 and 12 days of treatment. Transcapillary forces were studied by measuring colloid osmotic pressures in plasma and interstitial fluid (on the thorax and ankle) with a 'wick' method. The colloid osmotic pressure in plasma was reduced by 30-35% during treatment, but with corresponding reductions in the interstitium. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum albumin and total protein decreased, whereas moderate edemas and weight gain were observed. These results demonstrate that during treatment with IL-2 and IFN-alpha-2a there are both fluid retention and augmented filtration of fluid from the vascular to the interstitial compartment, but no indication for a capillary leak syndrome. This may explain many of the cardiovascular side effects observed during such treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hormone replacement therapy reduces the reactivity of monocytes and platelets in whole blood--a beneficial effect on atherogenesis and thrombus formation?

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the reactivity of monocytes and platelets in whole blood, measured by tissue factor activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and thromboxane B2. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-two women were randomized into either transdermal or oral combined hormone replacement therapy and underwent blood sampling before and after 3 and 12 months of treatment. The tissue factor activity in monocytes was measured both in unstimulated whole blood and after a weak lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and thromboxane B2 formation in plasma were measured after a weak lipopolysaccharide stimulation of whole blood. RESULTS: After 12 months of hormone replacement therapy there were significant reductions of tissue factor activity in both unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes (p < 0.001) and significant reductions in the formation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p < 0.03) and thromboxane B2 (p < 0.02). There were no differences in these parameters between the transdermal and the oral groups. No changes were observed after 3 months of therapy. CONCLUSION: Twelve months of hormone replacement therapy reduces cellular activation of blood monocytes and platelets; these changes may account for some of the beneficial effects in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Administration, Cutaneous↗