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Biomedical subjects

P P Gontijo Filho

Publications and source records attributed to P P Gontijo Filho.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

An outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Brazilian newborn intensive care unit.

We report an outbreak of conjunctivitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa involving seven infants admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Uberlândial Federal University Hospital between March and September 2001. Three infants developed systemic complications (01 sepsis and 02 pneumonias). Ten isolates were obtained from conjunctival cultures and all were resistant to ceftazidime and aminoglycosides. Fast identification of the organism and treatment with imipenem were important in containing the outbreak of P. aeruginosa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Typing of Staphylococcus aureus from surgical site infections: comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and PCR technique using repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) and Tn916-Shine-Dalgarno (TnSD) target sequences.

Staphylococcus aureus continues to be the main cause of surgical site infections. DNA typing is useful for studying this type of infection and establishing control programs within hospitals. In this study 19 S. aureus strains were isolated from surgical site infections of 19 patients, between August and December 1994 at the Rio de Janeiro University Hospital. The strains were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and by two polymerase chain reaction techniques targeting the repetitive extragenic palindromic and Tn916-Shine Dalgarno sequences. Analysis of the PFGE patterns divided the collection into 15 types, while PCR techniques identified 11 distinct strain patterns. There were two clusters, 1 of four strains and 1 of two strains with related PFGE and PCR patterns. Of the remaining strains, 10 were clustered in 5 PCR patterns but their PFGE patterns showed 4 to 6 different bands, and they were considered to be possibly related. The comparison of the S. aureus typing systems in the present study indicated that the PCR methods are useful for initial screening of genetically related isolates, but strains with identical PCR fingerprint need to be typed with PFGE for detailed strain differentiation.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2000

Risk factors for methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection in a Brazilian university hospital.

Two hundred three isolates of S. aureus were collected from 140 patients during a 1 year period in our hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Of these patients, 102 acquired the infection in the hospital (nosocomial) and are the subject of this report. Fifty-seven patients had Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains identified, and 45 had Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. The most common sites of clinical infections by S. aureus were bloodstream (bacteremia), surgical/skin wounds and lung (pneumonia). The patients with MRSA infections were most likely to be in the surgical and clinical wards, but those with MSSA infections were most likely to be in the neonatal and emergency units. By univariate analysis, we found several factors associated with an increased risk of MRSA infections: age, mean preinfections and total duration of hospital stay, use of 3 or more antimicrobials, presence of 3 or more indwelling devices (mainly vascular and urinary catheters). Colonization (67.6% x 27.8%; p<0.05) and multicolonization (89% x 11.0%; p<0.05) were more associated with MRSA infection. Of the total of 203 isolates, 110 MRSA were found to be multiresistant, with 106 showing resistance to 5 or more antibiotics, compared to 15/93 (16%) of the MSSA isolates. The most serious cases and higher colonization rates of MRSA occurred in elderly patients. The presence of nosocomial MRSA is a serious medical problem which requires continued attention to care in the overuse of antibiotics and indwelling devices in hospitals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Survey of the knowledge and practice of infection control among dental practitioners.

A survey on various aspects of infection control (overall knowledge/problem recognition, formal polices/reducing risk, and willingness to obtain additional education) was conducted among dental professionals and dental students. The survey was administered by a questionnaire at the offices of dental practitioners in Uberlândia and among dentistry students at the Federal University of Uberlândia. The two groups (professional dentists and students) differed significantly (P<0.0001) regarding recognition and reduction of the problem, but they were similarly willing to improve their knowledge of infection control. Dentists scored significantly higher than dental students on questions of recognition and reduction. A high proportion of students reported a lack of concern regarding routine handwashing before and after patient care (28.9% gave wrong answers). Of the dentists, only 8.8% reported a lack of knowledge about this matter. A higher proportion (P<0.0001) of dentists reported glove use and other basic barrier precautions (97.1% versus 51.9% among the students). However, the proportion of dentists who reported that they were aware of HBV vaccination was lower than among the students (81.5% versus 92.0%, p=0.0037). Additional education is required to promote a more realistic perception of the risks for HIV, HBV, and HCV transmission in dental offices and among dental students, and the use of all recommended infection control practices.

Brazil↗
PubMed1999

DNA typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: isolates and factors associated with nosocomial acquisition in two Brazilian university hospitals.

Control and prevention of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections should include early identification of patients at higher risk of MRSA acquisition and analysis of isolates by discriminatory bacterial DNA typing methods. One hundred and three MRSA isolates cultured between Sept. 1994 and Sept. 1995 from 62 patients in two teaching hospitals (hospital 1, in Rio de Janeiro; hospital 2, in Minas Gerais) were tested for antimicrobial resistance and genomic DNA was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Ten profiles were identified: A, B, C, I and J in hospital 1 and A, B, D, E, F, G and H in hospital 2. PFGE patterns A and B were isolated at both hospitals. The majority (80%) of isolates had similar PFGE patterns (type A). Subtype A1 was isolated at both hospitals, but was more frequent in hospital 2 (54%), while subtype A2 predominated in hospital 1 (63%). MRSA isolates were resistant to the majority of antimicrobial agents tested. However, susceptibility to vancomycin alone was found in 32% of the isolates at hospital 1, whereas 48% of isolates from hospital 2 were susceptible to both vancomycin and mupirocin, and 34% demonstrated susceptibility to vancomycin, mupirocin and chloramphenicol. Thirty-nine percent of all isolates were mupirocin-resistant, with 90% of these belonging to PFGE pattern A. Four main risk factors were associated with MRSA infection or colonisation which may be useful in the early identification of patients at risk: >7 days hospitalisation (95%), very dependent patients (84%), invasive procedures (79%) and recent antimicrobial therapy (79%). The data demonstrate that PFGE pattern A is disseminated in both hospitals. However, at both hospitals subtypes of pattern A and the other PFGE types were associated with different antibiotic resistance patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Incidence surveillance of wound infection in hernia surgery during hospitalization and after discharge in a university hospital.

A six-month prospective incidence surveillance of wound infection was conducted in the department of general surgery of the Rio de Janeiro University Hospital. Postoperative infections were classified according to Centers for Disease Control criteria. This study reports a rate of 14.04% in surgical infections limited to herniorrhaphy and detected by surveillance. The majority (87.50%) of them were only apparent after hospital discharge. Fourteen out of 16 patients (88.60%) were not deemed to be at risk for surgical infections. Staphylococcus aureus was the most important pathogen associated with infection. This report shows that community surveillance is necessary to determine accurate rates of hospital-acquired infection and will help establish prevention and control policies in Brazil.

Brazil↗
PubMed1996

Emergence of high-level mupirocin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Brazilian university hospitals.

Surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was implemented in Rio de Janeiro and Uberlândia University Hospitals, which had different policies on use of mupirocin. One hundred fourteen multiresistant MRSA strains were isolated from 62 patients. Mupirocin resistance was observed in 63% of strains in Rio de Janeiro, where there was extensive use of topical mupirocin, and 6.1% in Uberlândia, where its use was rare.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Vegetables as a source of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a University and Oncology Hospital of Rio de Janeiro.

Samples of fresh vegetables fed to patients in an Oncology and a University Hospital were examined for frequency of recovery and counts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thirty-eight isolates from vegetables as well as 98 clinical isolates recovered during the same period of vegetable collection were serotyped and assayed for pyocin production in order to evaluate the role of vegetables as a source of microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from 19.0% of the vegetable samples. Although 1% hypochlorite solution was used as a sanitizer, 50% of the positive samples were found to harbour more than 100 colony-forming units (cfu) g-1. Lettuce, chicory and watercress yielded the highest frequencies of isolation (P less than 0.05). The pyocin typing and serotyping of clinical strains revealed some types identical to those recovered from vegetables. Among those found in the University Hospital, serotype O4 and pyocin type PT10/b were detected in vegetables and in clinical specimens whereas types O1-PT22/e, O2a-PT10/a, O2a-PT10/b, O4-PT10/a, O11-PT10/a and O11-PT10/b were common in both groups of strains isolated in the Oncology Hospital. Our results strongly suggest that vegetables represent a source of endemic infection with P. aeruginosa for hospitalized patients.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Lyme disease.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[An evaluation of the sterilizing activity of paraformaldehyde].

Sporocidal activity of paraformaldehyde tablets was assessed by means of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists technic which is required in Brazil to register this class of sanitizing substances by the Health Ministery. According to this methodology paraformaldehyde showed sterilizing activity at the 3% (3.0 g/cm3) concentration in 3 hour exposure period at 50 degrees C in the presence of relative humidity.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1985

Survival of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria artificially applied on the hands.

We evaluated the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, derived from either hospitalized patients or culture collections, on the fingertips of human volunteers. Over 99% of the bacteria died within 2 min of the application, and about 10(5) cells remained on the fingers for up to 90 min.

Bacteria↗