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Biomedical subjects

P P Griffin

Publications and source records attributed to P P Griffin.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Bladder carcinoma as a systemic disease.

Pne hundred and fifty-one patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who were evaluated by conventional means preoperatively underwent a radical cystectomy. They were then classified according to the highest known pathological stage, first site of postoperative metastasis and the temporal relationship of the cystectomy to the appearance of the metastasis. Fifty patients developed metastases, 80% of which were proven histologically. Thirty-nine of fifty patients (78%) who developed metastases did so within a year of cystectomy. Extent of local tumor was directly related to the incidence of positive pelvic nodes. Metastases occurred most commonly in lung and bone. Soft tissues of the pelvis were involved in thirteen (16%) of the patients who developed metastatic carcinoma and those patients with positive pelvic nodes were more likely to have these kinds of recurrent disease. These evaluations suggest that the metastases must be present at cystectomy or as a result of it. The data imply the existence of appreciable heterogeneity among patients and/or their invasive bladder carcinoma. Disseminated but silent metastases suggest that a relationship between the primary tumor and the occurrence of metastatic disease may exist. Knowledge of this relationship is very important in planning subsequent therapeutic strategies.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1979

Isometric muscle contraction response during recovery from reduced intramuscular temperature.

This study was done to determine the effects of a 30-minute cold water bath on intramuscular temperature and plantar flexion strength, immediately after treatment and during a 3-hour posttreatment recovery period. Twenty persons were tested twice, receiving treatment once and serving as controls once. Measurements were taken prior to the treatment period, immediately after treatment and then every 30 minutes for 3 hours. The dominant leg was submerged in water at 10 C for 30 minutes. Plantar flexion strength was measured with a cable tensiometer and intramuscular temperature was measured with a hypodermic thermistor probe. Intramuscular temperature significantly decreased immediately posttreatment on the experimental days and then increased significantly during the recovery period. Significant increases in strength were noted during the recovery period. A definite relationship exists between intramuscular temperature and plantar flexion strength.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Altered androgen metabolism in metastatic prostate cancer.

Admixture of androgen-sensitive elements from normal or hyperplastic prostatic tissue interferes with biochemical studies of prostate cancer in its primary site. Heterogeneity of cancer tissues, varying in stromal and epithelial elements, also complicates interpretation of data relating to androgen metabolism. Accordingly, we have compared metastatic deposits composed of epithelial cancer cells to the primary biopsies of 4 patients in respect to uptake of 3H-testosterone and its conversion to 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone during in vitro incubation. 3H-testosterone uptake was similar for both tissue sites but 3H-dihydrotestosterone formation was reduced by 76% in the metastases compared to primary tissues. This group was not large enough to show statistical significance, whereas a total of 11 such primary studies compared to 6 metastatic specimens was significant. When either primary or secondary tissue results were compared to 12 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia similarly studied the differences were highly significant. These results demonstrate a major impairment in the formation of dihydrotestosterone by metastatic prostatic cancer and a similar but less evident alteration in the primary site. This abnormality in testosterone metabolism is of major importance in the attempt to obtain effective hormonal control of human prostatic cancer.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1977

Habitual toe-walkers. A clinical and electromyographic gait analysis.

Six children who were habitual toe-walkers were studied using electromyographic techniques. In the initial gait evaluation, the muscle synergy pattern was found to be abnormal during the toe-toe gait as well as during the heel-toe gait. After treatment with casts, each patient had a normal electromyographic pattern during heel-toe gait.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Endocrine changes after diethylstilbestrol therapy. Effects on prostatic neoplasm and pituitary-gonadal axis.

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of DES (diethylstilbestrol) on prostatic neoplasms and of different dosage levels on the pituitary-gonadal axis. It is recommended that when DES is chosen for treatment plasma testosterone be monitored carefully and for long periods of time to evaluate the ability of the dose to achieve levels comparable to castration in each patient.

Diethylstilbestrol↗
PubMed1976

In vitro uptake of 3H testosterone and its conversion to dihydrotestosterone by prostatic carcinoma and other tissues.

Needle biopsies of normal, benign hyperplastic, neoplastic and metastatic prostatic tissues were used to study the uptake of 3H testosterone by these tissues and their ability to convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Histological quantification is important because stroma is active in both of these areas of biochemical activity. The 3H testosterone uptake by the tissues is relatively similar but benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal tissue consistently convert more testosterone to dihydrotestosterone than do neoplastic tissues. The least active in this regard are pure biopsies of neoplastic cells obtained from nodal metastases, suggesting extensive loss or repression of 5-alpha-reductase activity. Further, this defect is present in neoplastic tissues even if the patient has had an orchiectomy and/or received hormonal therapy. It is not known whether testosterone may substitute for dihydrotestosterone in the neoplastic nucleus. Our studies indicate that animal models that yield data on suppresion of 5-alpha-reductase activity by certain agents may have limited relevance to the tissues of human prostatic carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children.

Bryant's traction in children in whom the proper prerequisites are present, 90-90 traction for proximal third fractures in children over three, all shaft fractures in children between three and 10 years of age, and split Russell skeletal traction for those over 10 years of age are effective methods for treating femural fractures. Attention to detail is necessary to correct angulation and to obtain and maintain the appropriate amount of over-riding based upon age. Excessive over-riding, distraction, and unreasonable angulation cause functional disability that may require corrective surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Prostatic cancer and SCH-13521: II. Histological alterations and the pituitary gonadal axis.

We herein report on the results of treatment of 13 men with stage D prostatic carcinoma with a non-steroidal compound, SCH-13521 (flutamide). The dosage of the drug was 750 mg. in 3 divided doses daily and treatment extended for 2 to 20 months. Two patients failed to respond in any fashion, 7 had objective evidence of response and the others had varying degrees of subjective response. Plasma testosterone was never suppressed and sexual potency was not altered by the drug. Gynecomastia occurred in several patients, 1 patient had intractable vomiting and 2 had thromboembolic disease. In tissue biopsies after therapy, cytotoxic changes in some acinar cells were noted but healthy-appearing neoplastic cells were always abundant. These observations suggest the pre-treatment existence of autonomous cells that no conventional hormonal manipulation will succeed in destorying. However, the palliation that flutamide seems to afford makes it important to conduct an appropriately designed study that will compare it in a suitable fashion to the effectiveness of diethylstilbestrol.

Aged↗