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Biomedical subjects

P P Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to P P Kumar.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Metastases to bones of the hands and feet.

Although metastases to bones from solid tumors are very common, involvement of small bones of the hands and feet is extremely rare. One half of the cases reported in literature resulted from a primary tumor in the lung. Four cases seen over the last four years with metastases to bones of the hand and one case with metastases to foot bones are discussed. None of these patients had a lung primary tumor. Three of the four patients who had metastases to hand bones had the disease on the right side.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

The role of radiotherapy in management of metastatic bone disease.

Pain relief from bone metastases is achieved in 80 percent of patients by local irradiation. Response to local irradiation is much faster in metastases from breast and lung than in prostate bone metastases. Local irradiation is also very effective in preventing pathological fractures in lytic bone lesions, and healing of the pathological fractures by new bone formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Early experience in using and 18 Me V linear accelerator for mycosis fungoides at Howard University Hospital.

This paper describes the problems and solutions in using 18 MeV linear accelerator, with minimum 6 MeV electron capability, for total skin irradiation for mycosis fungoides. The 6 MeV electron energy can be degraded to acceptable electron energy of 3.2 MeV by interposing a plexiglass sheet of 9.6 mm in the beam. To minimize the bremsstrahlung, the degrading plexiglass should be kept away from the machine head. A wide area with uniform dose distribution over single plane can be achieved by using dual fields but homogenous dose distribution over irregular body surface cannot be achieved mainly because of self-shielding. The nails and the ocular lens can be easily shielded from the low energy electrons with 1.5 mm lead shield.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Five years' experience with the gold button technique for intraoral interstitial implants with iridium-192 seeds.

To simulate crossing of the ends in standard removable interstitial implants, we used the loop technique for intraoral tumors when treating them with afterloading interstitial removable implants. Because of technical problems, we changed to a straight tube method with heavy end-loading to compensate for the uncrossed ends. High doses to the normal mucosa close to heavy end-loading is reduced 2.5 times by the use of gold buttons in place of standard stainless steel buttons, thus decreasing unnecessary mucosal reactions and morbidity.

Dental Implantation↗
PubMed1977

Problems and solutions in achieving uniform dose distribution in superficial total body electron therapy.

In treating mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome patients with electron beam, the entire thickness and the area of the skin from crown to sole should be irradiated uniformly. To achieve irradiation of the entire thickness of the skin, electron beams of 3 - 4 MeV energy with 80 percent depth dose at 6 mm is sufficient. This unique property of limited penetration of electron beam does not cause any systemic toxicity during or after total body electron therapy. However, this property of limited penetration of electrons poses the problem of self-shielding in the curvaceous human body. The optic lens, which is within the range of penetrability of electron beam energy used for total body electron therapy, is to be shielded artificially.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problems of self and artificial shielding in the superficial total body electron therapy for MF and Sezary syndrome.

Dermatitis, Exfoliative↗
PubMed1977

Technique of locoregional irradiation in breast cancer.

In medicine, one modality of treatment cannot be replaced by another unless the new method is equal, if not superior, to the existing one. Currently, much is heard about using irradiation alone for the treatment of early breast cancer. Uniform irradiation of the breast, underlying chest wall, and the regional lymph nodes is a complex procedure and unless done properly, a geographical miss of the tumor and/or unnecessary irradiation of adjacent normal structures can occur, leading to inferiority of the treatment method.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

The gold button technique for intraoral interstitial implants with iridium-192 seeds.

The higher the radiation dose, the better is tumor control. High tumor doses are feasible only by interstitial irradiation. To achieve uniform dose distribution throughout the area or volume of implant, one has to use established distribution rules. In straight tube technique we have to use heavy endloading to compensate for uncrossed ends. In implants for intraoral lesions, heavy endloading gives a high dose to the opposing normal mucosa. The new gold button technique considerably reduces the dose to the normal mucosa, thus minimizing the morbidity.

Dental Implantation↗
PubMed1977

Role of radiotherapy in the management of breast cancer.

There is no subject as controversial as the treatment of early breast cancer in spite of 90,000 new cases per year and more than 30,000 deaths per year in the USA alone. Radical mastectomy has been in practice for over 80 years. Radiotherapy, alone, was used 50 years ago. Today, however, we are unable to state which is the method of choice in the management of early breast cancer. Radiotherapy did not become popular as the primary treatment modality during the radium and orthovoltage era because of technical problems. These technical problems have been overcome during the afterloading and supervoltage era. Unfortunately, we do not have a large series in radiotherapy to compare with those of 80 years of radical mastectomies. Until such time, radiotherapy will play an adjuvant and palliative role in the management of breast cancer patients.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of hospital morbidity, mortality and quality of life following coronary artery bypass surgery in a UK Indo-Asian population.

To survey the in-hospital morbidity, mortality, length of stay in the intensive therapy unit (ITU) and hospital and quality of life in patients of Indo-Asian origin following coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery, 345 consecutive patients (mean age 58 years; SD 8.9; range 32-88 years) undergoing primary, isolated CABG were studied. Non-elective CABG was undertaken in 41% of patients. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was grafted in 89%, although in 30% of these the internal mammary artery (IMA) was not used. Following CABG, the hospital morbidity and mortality was within the expected range, although there was a trend towards higher in-hospital mortality in the Parsonnet low risk group of patients. The length of ITU and hospital stay was not prolonged. Using the SF-36 questionnaire in postoperative patients, low quality of life scores were obtained for six of the eight modalities tested including physical functioning, bodily pain and general health perception. The low quality of life scores and IMA usage in Indo-Asians needs to be addressed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast carcinoma en cuirasse: pathophysiology and rotational subtotal skin electron beam therapy (SSEBT), a new technique.

Carcinoma en cuirasse of the breast, which invades the skin via lymphatics and may encase the entire thorax and abdomen, is poorly controlled by surgery, chemotherapy, or conventional irradiation. Palliation of patients with breast carcinoma en cuirasse is a difficult clinical problem which must be effectively managed over extended periods due to the indolent nature of this disease. The management of three cases is reported, and the new technique of rotational subtotal skin electron-beam therapy (SSEBT) is presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retreatment of recurrent pelvic tumors with iodine-125.

We describe our experience with successful retreatment of common pelvic tumors including recurrent cervical and endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, and soft tissue sarcomas. Two different permanent interstitial 125iodine (125I) endocurietherapy (ECT) techniques were employed. The first technique, percutaneous transperineal template 125I ECT, was used in the retreatment of recurrent tumors located within the true pelvis. The second technique, implantation of 125I in Vicryl carrier following celiotomy, was used for retreatment of recurrent tumors located outside the true pelvis within the false pelvis.

Adult↗