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Biomedical subjects

P P Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to P P Phillips.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The effect of arachidonic acid metabolites on the ciliary beat frequency of human nasal mucosa in vitro.

Using computerized microphotometry, we studied the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the prostacyclin analog Iloprost, and the thromboxane A2 analog U46619 on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human nasal mucosa. Thirty-two normal subjects underwent nasal cytologic brushing of the inferior meatus to obtain ciliary samples, and a total of 5,640 ciliated cell clusters were analyzed. Each subject served as their own control. PGE2, 10(-10) to 10(-6) M, produced a significant dose dependent increase in CBF of up to 12% versus control. This increase was not significantly inhibited by the addition of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10(-6) M). Iloprost, 10(-12) to 10(-6) M, also significantly increased CBF by 12.7% at 10(-8) M. This ciliostimulatory effect, however, was abolished by indomethacin. The thromboxane A2 analog, 10(-10) to 10(-6) M, did not significantly effect CBF. The present study demonstrates that a thromboxane A2 analog has no effect on ciliary motility, PGE2 has a direct ciliostimulatory effect, and a prostacyclin analog has a ciliostimulatory effect likely mediated by stimulation of the cyclooxygenase pathway within human cells.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of human nasal ciliary motility using computerized microphotometry.

A new computerized technique for the assessment of human nasal ciliary beat frequency is described. Thirty normal volunteers underwent nasal cytologic brushing to obtain ciliary samples. In each subject, 150 ciliary beats were analyzed from each of 50 separate ciliated cell clusters. The ciliary beat frequency for each area was determined with fast Fourier transformation. The results were plotted on a histogram to determine the ciliary beat distribution. The mean frequency for these samples was 11.29 Hz, with a standard deviation of 0.96 Hz. The median frequency for these samples was 11.25 Hz. These results show a marked improvement over hand-counting microphotometry techniques because of the much larger sampling size and elimination of much human error. We believe this method of ciliary analysis represents a significant advancement in the evaluation of ciliary function and should assist in the diagnosis of patients with congenital and acquired forms of ciliary dysmotility.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1990

Third place--Resident Clinical Science Award 1990. The in vivo and in vitro effect of phenylephrine (Neo Synephrine) on nasal ciliary beat frequency and mucociliary transport.

Twenty volunteers with normal noses were studied to determine the effect of phenylephrine on nasal ciliary function. In vivo study of this drug was performed in 15 patients and revealed a significant increase in their ciliary beat frequency from a control of 11 Hz to 12.03 Hz (p = 0.001). Mucociliary transit times in these volunteers were also studied, revealing a mean of 9.9 minutes prestimulation and 10.2 minutes poststimulation, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.77). Five additional subjects donated ciliated mucosal samples for in vitro analysis of varying concentrations of this agent that showed a significant ciliostimulatory effect at lower concentrations (0.01%), with a progressive cilioinhibitory effect at higher concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%). The 0.05% concentration showed no significant change in ciliary activity compared to control measurements. These data demonstrate that phenylephrine has a ciliostimulatory effect in vivo, as well as in appropriate concentrations in vitro, and should be safe and relatively nontoxic to the mucociliary apparatus for short-term use.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed1990

The clinical behavior of inverting papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses: report of 112 cases and review of the literature.

Between 1944 and 1987, 112 patients with inverting papilloma of the nasal cavity were treated. The average duration of follow-up for this population was 6.2 years. The most common symptoms were nasal obstruction and history of previous surgery for nasal "polyps". Recurrence rates were lower when treatment consisted of lateral rhinotomy with medial maxillectomy (14%) vs. transnasal operation with a sinus procedure (35%) or transnasal operation alone (58%). Recurrence rates between men and women were not significantly different when treatment methods were analyzed; however, a higher-than-expected association with tobacco usage was noted. Eight (7%) of the 112 patients had associated nasal carcinoma. Current treatment is lateral rhinotomy with medial maxillectomy to prevent troublesome and potentially malignant recurrent disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Language impairment evaluation in aphasic patients: developing more efficient measures.

Two short forms of the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA) were derived using data from 50 adult aphasic patients. Subtest, modality and overall intercorrelations, internal consistency reliability estimates, means and standard deviations were computed for both forms and full-length test. Results indicate that the short forms are equivalent. Further, they seem to be measuring the same traits as the long form, have only slightly lower reliability, and have practically identical means and standard deviations across all subtest, modality and overall scores.

Adult↗