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P Pannall

Publications and source records attributed to P Pannall.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

A strategy to promote the rational use of laboratory tests. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry.

These guidelines suggest how clinical chemists may promote rational laboratory use by critically evaluating the tests they offer. This may be done by documenting the clinical uses and limitations of tests in the same way that properly written up method descriptions outline analytical procedures in a particular laboratory. This information can then be promoted on result report forms, in discussion or through investigational protocols or clinical guidelines. For these to be of value they should be the result of clinical and laboratory input reflecting the local practice and facilities. They should be clearly written, easily accessible to the users and updated whenever there is a change of methodology or clinical practice. Much can be achieved by applying common sense to common knowledge and laboratories of all sizes can prepare their own material. However, national scientific societies and other professional organisations can assist local endeavour by avoiding and disseminating educational material on test evaluation, selection and use.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1996

A strategy to promote the rational use of laboratory tests. IFCC Education and Management Division Committee on Rational Laboratory Use. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry.

The following guidelines suggest ways in which clinical chemists can promote rational laboratory use by critically evaluating the tests they offer. This may be done by documenting the clinical uses and limitations of tests in the same way that clearly written method descriptions outline analytical procedures in a particular laboratory. This information can then be disseminated on result report forms, during discussion, or through investigational protocols or clinical guidelines. For the information to be of value, it should be the result of clinical and laboratory input reflecting the local practice and facilities. The material should be clearly written, easily accessible to the users, and updated whenever there is a change in methodology or clinical practice. Much can be achieved by applying common sense to common knowledge, and laboratories of all sizes can prepare their own material. In addition, national scientific societies and other professional organizations can assist local endeavors by providing educational material on test evaluation, selection, and use.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1995

Metabolic approaches to the subclassification of polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between various hormonal and metabolic variables in a large group of women with unequivocal evidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) to dissect out the metabolic heterogeneity of this condition. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study of PCOS (n = 122) and non-PCOS (n = 26) subjects. SETTING: Reproductive medicine unit in a tertiary teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Subjects with presumed PCOS were recruited from the Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecological Clinics and later confirmed as PCOS with recognized criteria. Several other subjects were identified through recruiting reference subjects. The PCOS population consisted of 122 patients. Reference subjects were recruited from partners of male factor infertility patients in the clinics and from the general population (n = 27). INTERVENTIONS: A 75 g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was performed on all subjects in their midluteal phase. Blood was taken at fasting and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio, levels of integrated glucose and insulin, concentrations of maximum insulin, sex hormone-binding globulin, T, triglyceride, apolipoproteins (Apo A1, B), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC). RESULTS: Five clusters could be identified. They are characterized as a nonobese group, a moderately obese group, and three very obese groups. The nonobese group (n = 41, BMI = 24.1) exhibited the lowest level of integrated insulin (236.4 mIU/L or microU/mL) and concentration of serum T (5.5 nmol/L). The moderately obese group had the second lowest level of integrated insulin (497.1 mIU/L) whereas the three very obese groups (n = 15, 13, and 5, respectively) had significantly higher but different levels of integrated insulin (group 3: 850.8 mIU/L; group 4: 1,131.5 mIU/L; and group 5: 1,531.9 mIU/L), triglyceride (group 3: 1.39 mmol/L; group 4: 1.76 mmol/L; and group 5: 2.78 mmol/L [1 mmol/L = 88mg/mL]), Apo B (group 3: 1.18 g/L; group 4: 1.08 g/L; and group 5: 1.55 g/L) and LDLC (group 3: 3.81 mmol/L; group 4: 3.05 mmol/L; and group 5: 5.06 mmol/L [1 mmol/L = 38.6 mg/100 mL]). CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic heterogeneity of the PCOS population is reflected at least partly in patients' levels of insulin, lipids, and lipoproteins, dependent and independent of BMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Blood analysis of mice born following single-cell embryo biopsy.

Single-cell embryo biopsy is an important technique in preimplantation diagnosis. The development of the mouse embryo and fetus, and the results of some analyses after birth following embryo biopsy, have been demonstrated to be normal. Histopathological analysis of mice born following single-cell embryo biopsy with a physical method (zona puncture) also showed normal organ and cell structure, thus demonstrating the safety of embryo biopsy. This experiment analysed the parameters of blood cells and the blood chemistry of 28 mice born following single-cell embryo biopsy. White cell count, red cell count, haemoglobin level and platelet count of the blood, and plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, glucose, albumin, protein, creatinine, urea, bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase of the blood were not significantly different between the mice from the biopsied and the control embryo groups, which again demonstrated the safety of single-cell embryo biopsy. The remaining totipotent cells in the biopsied embryos would thus be expected to develop to the correct cell counts and normal organic functions according to the intact hereditary messages. Further studies on the safety of embryo biopsy (including long-term observation after birth) and the improvement of the different biopsy techniques and skills for preimplantation diagnosis are necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Estimation of phenolic conjugation by colonic mucosa.

Conjugation of phenol by the colonic mucosa was assessed in vivo using dialysis tubing containing 1.5 ml of 1 mmol/l acetaminophen (paracetamol) and 10 mmol/l butyrate. These were allowed to equilibrate in the rectum for one hour. The glucuronidated and sulphated conjugates of acetaminophen were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography and bicarbonate concentrations by gas analysis. In 21 subjects without colonic disease sulphate conjugation was observed in all cases, with a mean (SE) of 3.86 (0.66) nmol/hour, while glucuronide conjugation was found in seven of 21 cases. Mean (SE) bicarbonate output of 42.9 (3.9) mumol/hour (n = 21) indicated healthy colonic mucosal metabolism and phenolic sulphation in dialysate and agreed with published sulphation rates obtained with cultured cells of colonic epithelium. Acetaminophen sulphation suggests that the colonic mucosa has an important role in the conjugation of phenols, and the method reported here would be useful in assessing the detoxification capacity of the colonic mucosa in diseases of the rectal mucosa.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1985

Hypophosphatemic rickets, hyperparathyroidism, and hyperthyroidism with hypercalcemia.

We describe a case of hypophosphatemic rickets in which hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia developed and were possibly secondary to co-existent hyperthyroidism. During the period of hypercalcemia with high immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels the serum inorganic phosphorus level became, and remained, normal. This supports the concept that renal tubular phosphate absorption may be sensitive to calcium.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The selection of healthy volunteers for clinical investigation: the case for volunteer pools.

Discussions on the healthy volunteer in clinical investigation do not attempt to define normality. In 34 healthy volunteers, 1653 biochemical and haematological tests were performed. The incidence of abnormal results was 11%. Only 4 subjects had all tests within normal limits and when these repeated only 1 subject still had all results within normal limits. The authors recommend that a stable volunteer pool, with regular physical examinations and blood tests, would provide a large, serial data base for use in subject selection for clinical trials. Attention should be given to human error. Protocols should be realistic, while ensuring the safety of volunteers.

Adult↗