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Biomedical subjects

P Papanagiotou

Publications and source records attributed to P Papanagiotou.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Imaging cervical myelo- and radiculopathy].

PURPOSE: This article gives an overview of the diagnostic possibilities available in the diagnosis of cervical myelo- and radiculopathy. We compared conventional myelography, CTM, and MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with clinical evidence of cervical myelo- or radiculopathy were included. Sagittal and transverse T1-weighted (T1w) TSE and T2-weighted (T2w) TSE sequences were compared with myelography and CTM. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon's -test. RESULTS: Disc herniation could be depicted in CTM as well as in MRI. The extent of herniation did not differ between CTM and T1w. The extent of herniation seemed higher on T2w than on T1w (p <0.001). Foraminal encroachment was easier to diagnose in CTM. When regarding transverse T1w and T2w images simultaneously, a missing root in MRI corresponded to a missing root in CTM and conventional myelography and vice versa. Our data demonstrated the relative inability of MRI to determine whether the compression is by soft tissue or bony structures. CONCLUSION: The present study proposes that MRI, when available, should be the imaging method of first choice in patients with suspected radiculo- and myelopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Vascular anomalies of the cerebellopontine angle].

Vascular anomalies of the cerebellopontine angle are rare compared to tumors in this area. Irritation of the trigeminal, facial, or vestibulocochlear nerve may cause trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm and vertigo, or tinnitus accordingly. Vessel loops in the cerebellopontine cisterns may cause compression at the root entry or exit zone of the cranial nerves V, VII, and VIII, a phenomenon which is called "vascular loop syndrome." Megadolichobasilar artery and aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system can also lead to dislocation and compression of the cranial nerves and brain stem. Three-dimensional CISS MR imaging and MR angiography are useful in the detection of neurovascular compression. Microvascular decompression is an effective surgical procedure in the management of compression syndromes of the cranial nerves V, VII, and VIII.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle].

The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is an anatomically complex region of the brain. In this article we describe the anatomy of the CPA cisterns, of the internal auditory canal, the topography of the cerebellum and brainstem, and the neurovascular structures of this area.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed2006

[Postoperative syndrome after spine surgery].

Postoperative syndrome after spine surgery, i.e., symptoms or syndromes caused by complications or procedure-related consequences, is gaining more and more importance. Due to great improvements concerning imaging and operative techniques (microsurgery, instrumentation) the total number of spinal surgeries as well as their related complications are increasing. Procedure-related postoperative complications including neurological deficit syndromes can occur acutely or at a later date. Concerning imaging techniques for postoperative evaluation after spinal surgery there are several modalities available. Their indications depend on complex factors including initial pathology the surgery was performed for, kind of surgical technique (surgical approach, instrumentation), anatomy of the patient as well as the time between onset of symptoms and surgery. In cases of ambiguous findings, the combination of different imaging techniques can be instrumental.

Back Pain↗
PubMed2006

[Spinal infections].

Regardless of the compartment involved, imaging of spinal infections and other spinal inflammatory diseases must be performed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This allows early detection of changes in disk space or vertebral bodies. Associated paraspinal and epidural masses are depicted. However, in spinal cord inflammation MRI has a very limited specificity and cannot usually differentiate between the wide array of possible causes of intramedullary lesions. This article covers a spectrum of inflammatory lesions of the spinal cord.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Thrombolysis of the basilar artery: 5-year results from the Saarland stroke registry].

Acute thrombosis of the basilar artery has a fatal outcome if left untreated. The relatively good prognosis with intra-arterial thrombolysis makes it the therapy of choice for acute basilar thrombosis. In the Saarland stroke registry, we analyzed 47 patients with angiographically proven basilar artery thrombosis within the last 5 years. We observed a better outcome in patients with good income, with recanalization, and a short time between onset of symptoms and start of thrombolysis. The complications, such as intracerebral bleedings, occurred only in the group treated with rt-PA. Intra-arterial thrombolysis with urokinase or rt-PA is a relatively safe therapy, but should be performed in neuroradiological centers. With progressing symptoms the therapeutic window can be stretched up to 12 h, but coma lasting for more than 4 h is related to a bad outcome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

[Moyamoya disease].

Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic progressive vasculopathy characterized by slowly progressive narrowing involving the distal internal carotid artery and the proximal circle of Willis. Collateral vessels develop to compensate for the slowly progressive stenosis. These enlarged collaterals appear as a "puff of smoke" on angiography, which gives the disease its name. This review discusses the clinical manifestation, imaging findings, and angiographic features.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed2005

[Imaging of the temporal bone. An overview].

Diseases of the temporal bone should be diagnosed by high resolution computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Because of the excellent imaging of bony structures, CT is the method of choice for diagnosing pathologies of the external auditory channel, middle ear, and mastoid. Imaging of trauma is performed with CT. For examining the labyrinth system and interior auditory channel, MRI is the method of choice. This article gives an overview of the anatomy of the temporal bone and describes the most important pathologies.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2004

Scaphoid nonunions treated with vascularised bone grafts: MRI assessment.

PURPOSE: To assess the value of MR imaging (MRI) with regard to union, graft viability and proximal pole bone marrow status, after use of vascularized bone grafts for treating scaphoid nonunions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vascularized bone grafts from the distal radius were used to treat 47 scaphoid nonunions resulting from fractures or enchondromas. Clinical and imaging evaluation was used for the pre- and postoperative assessment of all patients. Apart of conventional radiographs obtained in all cases, 15 patients were also assessed postoperatively with MRI at 3 months. From these 15 patients, eight were assessed preoperatively with MRI whereas nine had serial MRI evaluations at 6 and 12 months. The clinical follow-up time of this subgroup of 15 patients ranged from 6 to 27 months. RESULTS: All patients showed clinical signs of union within 12 weeks form the procedure and at the latest follow-up they experienced complete (10 cases) or almost complete (five cases) relief from pain. Both plain and contrast-enhanced MRI obtained at 3 months showed viability of the bone graft in all cases. At 3 months union was established with plain radiographs in 12 patients at both sides of the graft and in three patients between the graft and proximal pole. At 3 months plain MRI showed nonunion in four patients (two between graft and proximal pole, two between graft and distal pole and one at both sides of the graft) whereas contrast-enhanced MRI revealed only one case of nonunion between graft and proximal pole. Four patients were considered to have osteonecrosis of the proximal pole intraoperatively. Two of them showed necrosis of the proximal pole with preoperative and postoperative plain radiographs and three of them with plain postoperative MRI. Contrast-enhanced MRI at 3 months showed postoperative reversal of necrotic changes in all four scaphoids. MRI also revealed bone marrow oedema of the carpal bones surrounding the scaphoid in 14 cases. Serial MRI at 6 and 12 months, obtained in nine patients, revealed resolution of the bone marrow oedema of the surrounding bones and full graft incorporation in all cases. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced MRI is able to demonstrate the early union after treatment of scaphoid nonunions with vascularised bone grafts allowing thus earlier mobilisation. In addition, MRI can assess the viability of the proximal pole and the graft as well as the postoperative bone marrow oedema-like lesions of the surrounding bones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Granulomatous cheilitis: a study of six cases.

OBJECTIVE: Granulomatous cheilitis (GC) is a very rare disorder of unknown etiology. Clinically, GC is characterised by recurrent swelling of the labial tissues, which may be followed by a permanent enlargement. Histologically, the typical form of GC is characterised by the formation of scattered aggregates of non-caseating granulomas. GC is the most frequent sign of orofacial granulomatosis, a disorder under which also encompasses sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, atypical tuberculosis, Anderson-Fabry disease, possibly some allergic reactions, and Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS). Some consider GC as an oligosymptomatic or monosymptomatic form of MRS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this study we examined the clinical records of six patients presenting with GC which were examined and treated in the Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology of the Dental School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece) during a 16-year period. In five of six patients a persistent swelling of the lower lip was recorded, one of whom also developed swelling in the upper lip. In one case the swelling was present in both lips and in another the GC was the only clinical finding, while in the other five cases it was accompanied by at least one other feature of MRS. In five cases, the histological picture revealed non-caseating granulomas. RESULTS: The treatment with the intralesional infusion of corticosteroids in three cases and the oral administration of corticosteroids in two cases was successful. One of the patients refused to be treated. This patient also presented later with permanent swelling of the upper lip.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laboratory technics for isolation and identification of the streptococci of the microbial flora of the mouth].

It is well known that many streptococcal species are members of the microbial flora of the mouth. We refer to the most important laboratory technics for collecting, transporting and storage, of streptococci, as well as to the manners of isolation, grouping and identification. We describe in detail the two newest of these methods that we use in our laboratory: a) The method "Streptex" by Wellcome Co., England, and b) The method "Api 20 Strep", by Api System S.A. France.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of the chronic irritation and pregnancy in the development of the pregnancy tumor. Experimental study in rats].

This study was undertaken in purpose to estimate the chronic irritation as an aetiological factor in the development of pregnancy tumor. Wire was attached around the first upper molar of 40 female rats, so that its free ends would irritate the mucosa of the cheek. The rats were divided in groups A, B and C. Group A contained 15 rats which were placed for fertilization 7 days after the irritation started. Group B contained 15 rats which were placed for fertilization immediately after the irritation started. Group C contained 10 rats which remained with the irritation. All rats were sacrificed 50 days after the experiment started and the irritated mucosa of the cheek was removed, fixed in formaline and examined histologically. In 11 rats of group A and in 7 of group B a small size tumor appeared in the irritated region. In the remaining rats, ulceration was present. The histological findings of the tumors were compatible with pregnancy tumors. Our results support that the hormonal changes during the pregnancy consist the primary aetiological factor in the development of pregnancy tumors and that the local chronic irritation acts as a secondary auxiliary factor.

Animals↗