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Biomedical subjects

P Parquet

Publications and source records attributed to P Parquet.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Prevention and treatment of sleep disorders through regulation] of sleeping habits].

Healthy sleeping habits is a complex balance between behaviour, environment and circadian rhythm. The quality of sleep can be improved by behaviour, e.g. eating tryptophan and carbohydrate rich foods, physical exercise in the afternoon or a cold shower just before going to bed. Total sleep time is maximal in thermoneutrality and decreases above and below the thermoneutrality zone. Thermoneutrality is reached for an environmental temperature of 30-32 degrees C without night clothing or of 16-19 degrees with a pyjama and at least one sheet. Noise also modifies sleep structure and above 50dB shortens total sleeping time. Although subjects do become subjectively accustomed to noise, vegetative cardiovascular reactivity to environmental noise remains unchanged. The spontaneous circadian awake/sleep cycle is 25 hours, slightly longer than the body temperature cycle, but when subjects are exposed to environmental synchronization, the two cycles coincide. In individuals undergoing temporal isolation, the two rhythms become independent often leading to subjective discomfort and fatigue. Certain factors including age can favour internal desynchronization. Other factors may include social contact, stress due to mental work load, and constant lighting which could lengthen the awake/sleep cycle. Caffeine blocks the receptors of adenosine, and thus its effects of inhibiting neurotransmission. Intake 30 to 60 minutes before sleeping shortens total sleep time and increases the duration of stage 2 and shortens stage 3 and 4. Alcohol may act as a relaxing, sedative agent when consumed just before sleeping but can also lead to night-time awakening due to sympathetic activation which does not return to baseline levels until the blood alcohol levels have returned to 0. Nicotine has a biphasic effect on sleep: at low concentrations, it leads to relaxation and sedation and at high concentrations inhibits sleep. A careful study of sleeping habits is the first step in evaluating complains of insomnia or hypersomnia. Before relying on drugs, treatment should start with attention to the sleep environment and personal habits.

Caffeine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Predictive factors for patient maintenance on buprenorphine high dosage treatment: a naturalistic study in primary care].

High dosage buprenorphine is actually the principal treatment for substitution medication in France. Clinical trials have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of HD buprenorphine for narcotic addiction, but few data are published concerning the prognostic factors of treatment response in daily practice. A naturalistic study was performed in 1998. 200 generalist practitioners were recruited and 956 patients were included. Sociodemographic, medical and addiction history were collected. A quantitative socio-comportemental and medical indicator (SCMI) was performed. The psychometric properties of the SCMI were analyzed. Simple and multivariate analysis was performed. Patients with good social adjustment and past withdrawal are good responders to HD buprenorphine. Not treated psychiatric pathology was a prognostic factor associated with a relatively poor response to HD buprenorphine. A long duration of treatment (one year) and a clear therapeutic program were associated with good response.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and epidemiologic study of "generalized anxiety" in general practice].

Recent studies have shown that 16 to 43% of general practice attenders express minor psychiatric disorders (Barrett et al. 1988). The present survey was carried out among a sample of 1,177 patients seen by 121 private general practitioners through out France. Its purpose was: to rate the point-prevalence of general anxiety disorders (GAD) according to DSM III criteria, to evaluate sociodemographic and clinical status of patients with a GAD, to identify the anxiety symptoms that were the most frequently exhibited in a primary-care practice. 181 patients (15.4%) were assessed a GAD diagnosis. 217 patients (18.4%) were assessed a "secondary anxiety" diagnosis ie anxiety associated with an affective disorder (14.8%), phobia (2.5%), panic disorder (1%). Patients with a GAD were predominantly female, between the age of 35-50 years. They tended to be widowed, separated or divorced and of an average socio-economic level. They also had more previous psychiatric disorders. The GAD appeared to start at the middle age of the life (36 years), to be chronic (lasting over one year) in half of the cases, and to be recurrent. The somatic expression of anxiety was frequent (21%) but 34% of the patients expressed directly their psychological distress. Psychotropic drugs were prescribed to 75% of the subjects. Benzodiazepines were prescribed in 34% of the cases. More surprisingly, antidepressive drugs were prescribed more often when a GAD was diagnosed. This results confirm the high point-prevalence rate of anxiety disorders in general practice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗