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Biomedical subjects

P Peltokallio

Publications and source records attributed to P Peltokallio.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Ultrasonographic possibilities and findings in most common sports injuries.

It is known that sports, especially competitive sports, can cause different kinds of injuries, which can be fractures and/or dislocations of joints, but more often soft tissue lesions. As a rule it is difficult to establish clinically the character and/or size of the sports lesion, but nowadays we have methods to examine soft tissues. The most modern method is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), but the cheaper one is ultrasound examination, which is some years old but has been developed continually. Recent studies have shown that soft tissue sports injuries can be diagnosed quite easily. The lesions can be localized and their size determined, parametres especially useful if surgery is required. We conclude from our studies that ultrasonic soft tissue examination improves diagnostic accuracy of sports injuries. Recovery is faster thanks to correct diagnosis and treatment. The healing process can also be followed up by ultrasonography.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Ultrasonography of jumper's knee.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of ultrasonography (US) in the management of jumper's knees. Sixty-two cases of clinically suggested jumper's knees, 52 asymptomatic contralateral knees and 100 asymptomatic knees of healthy middle aged men were examined. In the symptomatic group US was normal in 25 cases, all recovered with conservative therapy. In 31 symptomatic knees the findings were consistent with jumper's knee as a hypoechoic lesion located in the upper insertion of the patellar tendon in 23 cases and in the distal insertion in one case. In 7 cases the lesion was situated in the insertion of the quadriceps tendon. Surgery was performed on 20 knees and in all of them there was a lesion matching the lesion detected by US. In 6 cases US findings were pathologic, but different from jumper's knee. US findings consistent with jumper's knee could not be detected in the asymptomatic group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Long-term survival in male breast cancer.

A total of 42 male breast cancer patients (mean and median age 66 years), were followed up for over 25 years or until death. In 24/42 patients (57%) radical surgery and radiotherapy was carried out, surgery alone in 11 patients (26%), and radiotherapy alone in 3 patients (7%). Of the patients 23 died of mammary cancer, 74% of them in five years after primary treatment; 9% of the patients survived 10 years and 7% for 20 years. If only deaths related to breast cancer were included, the 20-year survival was 45%.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ultrasound in the evaluation of the knee and patellar regions.

Studies were carried out in 25 patients (mean age, 34.2 years) with knee or patellar problems, using a real-time scanner. The contralateral leg, which was asymptomatic, was used as a control. Identification of the patellar bone and the area of insertion of the infrapatellar tendon was not difficult. The area of insertion was less echogenic than other parts of the tendon. Patchy, partial, or total ruptures could be identified using ultrasound. Sonolucent structures in cases of Baker's cyst were easily identified. The study revealed three partial suprapatellar tendon ruptures, three partial infrapatellar tendon ruptures, six old injuries of the infrapatellar tendon with fibrosis and scar tissue, one case of prepatellar bursitis, one parapatellar (cartilaginous) loose body, two intraarticular loose bodies (bony), and four cases of Baker's cyst, of which one was found to be ruptured. The differences in echogenicity of the tendons and surrounding soft tissues were more conspicuous using interposed Kiteko than with direct skin contact.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ultrasonography as a differential diagnostic aid in achillodynia.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the usefulness of soft-tissue real-time ultrasonography (US) for diagnosing sports injuries of the Achilles region. Thirty-eight patients (mean age, 39.9 years) with Achilles tendon problems were studied at Helsinki University Central Hospital. Six patients underwent surgery following ultrasonographic examination. All operative findings corresponded closely with those of ultrasonography. Partial ruptures were found in 11 cases, total tendon rupture in three cases, subachilles bursitis in 11 cases, and peritendinitis in 16 cases. The study showed that real-time ultrasonography can be used reliably for examination of both tendoneal and peritendoneal injuries. The technique is recommended as a routine examination before instigating any specific treatment and for monitoring Achilles tendon injuries.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1986

A suggested follow-up time for breast cancer patients.

The data for this study, consisting of 300 females treated for breast cancer in 1951-1961, were evaluated in order to ascertain when excess mortality from breast cancer disappears and what would be an appropriate follow-up period for investigational purposes. The clinical stages of the patients were classified as follows: 23.3%, stage I; 49%, stage II; 20.3%, stage III and 7.3%, stage IV. Halsted's radical mastectomy was performed in 79.7% of the cases. Every patient was given radiotherapy. Two hundred and ninety-eight patients could be followed until death or up to the present. Forty-five patients (16%) were still alive. The survival rate over a 20-year period for the various stages was as follows: stage I, 46.1%; stage II, 22.7% and stage III, 10.9%. Only 26% of the patients with stage I died of breast cancer, while the respective figures for stage II were 57% and stage III, 70%. The death rate from the cancer diminished with time in every stage especially 10 years after primary treatment. After this the observed survival rate curves were almost parallel with the expected curves. Our data show that for follow-up studies a 5-year follow-up is good and a 10-year follow-up is very good to show the trend in the treatment of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cancer family syndrome. Genetic analysis of 22 Finnish kindreds.

The genetic properties and the frequency of cancer family syndrome (CFS) were evaluated on the basis of 22 kindreds identified in Finland by investigating the family histories of young patients with colorectal carcinoma. These families had 196 members with malignancies: 120 colorectal (61%), 30 undefined intraabdominal (15%), 20 endometrial (10%), 7 gastric (4%), 5 biliary tract (3%) adenocarcinomas, and 14 (7%) other cancers. The present CFS patients represented 0.4% of all colorectal cancers diagnosed in Finland during 1961-1980, and the estimated minimum frequency of CFS was 4-4.7 X 10(-5) (1 in 25,100-21,400). An autosomal dominant pattern of genetic transmission for colorectal cancer was demonstrated through two to four generations, but the trait was also transferred by mothers with uterine carcinoma. The highest incidence of colorectal carcinoma occurred between 40 and 49 yr of age (15% per decade), and the cumulative risk in the descendants increased to 50% at 69 yr. The penetrance of CFS was 0.5-0.9. The analysis suggest that heredity is more significant in the etiology of colorectal cancer than has been previously believed. Identification of CFS seems to provide a good opportunity for screening the descendants of affected patients for colorectal cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Stress fracture of the navicular bone. Nine cases in athletes.

Nine cases of stress fractures of the tarsal navicular bone were treated in athletes. The diagnosis was made with radiographs and bone scan within 6 months. Only two patients were treated surgically. The only poor result was seen in a patient in whom the fracture was only explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Capillary permeability and maximal blood flow in skeletal muscle in athletes and non-athletes measured by local clearances of 133Xe and 131I-.

The effect of heavy endurance training on capillary diffusion capacity (CDC) and maximal blood flow (MBF) in skeletal muscle was studied in eleven highly-trained athletes and ten sedentary adult volunteers. MBF was estimated from 133Xe clearance and CDCI from 133Xe and 131I- clearances in the anterior tibial muscle after ischaemic exercise. The athletes had a significantly greater MBF, 131I- clearance and CDCI than the control subjects (P less than 0.001). The average increment of MBF was 37% and that of CDCI 48%. Increase in CDC is considered to reflect an increase in capillary surface area due to physical training.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Solitary diverticulum of the caecum and its complications.

Solitary diverticulum of the caecum is very rare and assumes clinical interest only when inflamed. Preoperatively the condition is virtually impossible to distinguish from acute appendicitis, and even during operation its differentiation from carcinoma is difficult. It is also important to determine whether or not an underlying solitary diverticulum of the caecum is present. In the present series the symptoms and clinical examination as well as laboratory findings pointed to acute appendicitis, which was in fact the preoperative diagnosis in all our patients. In one case the operative findings were strongly suggestive of carcinoma, which was only excluded by inspection and histological examination of the specimen. The wall of the diverticulum was necrotic in all cases. It had already perforated in the previously mentioned case, and right hemicolectomy was performed. An inflamed, but recognizable, solitary diverticulum of the caecum was treated by excision, but the tumour-like mass produced by the diverticulum was removed by resection. In view of the considerable possibility of underlying carcinoma, the authors support an aggressive trend in the treatment of "inflammatory tumours" of the caecal wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The significance of thermography in the diagnosis of acute abdominal disease.

Thermography appears to be a useful supporting aid to classical methods of examination in the clarification of the problems of acute abdominal disease. In a study of 100 patients thermography was in support of the true diagnosis in acute appendicitis in 63 per cent, in acute biliary tract disease in 59 per cent, and, in an attempt to differentiate between tumor and periappendicular abscess, assistance was rendered by thermography in 53 per cent of patients. However, some uncertainty exists because carcinoma often produces in its environment an inflammatory reaction, which causes an increase of temperature visible in the thermogram. In the present series thermography produced a finding supporting the correct diagnosis in 59 per cent. Errors occurred most often in obese patients, who have thick abdominal covers. Thermography also has an obvious application in the localizing of postoperative suppurative foci.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1975

Yeast bezoar formation following gastric surgery.

Yeast bezoar seems to be a relatively common late complication after various gastric operations. The incidence of bezoar depends decisively on the nature of the operation. Vagotomy in particular is conducive to the formation of a bezoar. Vagotomy + Billroth I resection proveded the most propitious conditions for the growth of yeast, for every one-half of the patients in this group developed a bezoar. Yeast bezoars usually appear within a year of the operation. The majority disappear during the first follow-up year, many without any therapy. However, in some cases the bezoar was a rather inconvenient late complication of gastric surgery and one that gave symptoms. It is difficult to draw any definite conclusions concerning the effect of therapy on the disappearance of the bezoar. We used gastric lavage and antimycotics as well as substances that increase gastric acidity. There is still no known method of preventing the formation of yeast bezoars. In the present consensus, a change in the acid conditions and disturbed gastric motility postoperatively are conducive to the formation of a bezoar.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Vascular pattern in ileal Crohn's disease.

Angio-, histo- and microangiographic studies were performed on five operative specimens of chronic regional enteritis affecting the ileum. In every patient the vascular pattern differed greatly from that seen in normal ileum and the changes were similar in each investigation. The number of long vasa recta and short vasa recta were increased, but the hypereaemic reaction was limited to the submucosa and mucosa. The long vasa recta arising from the marginal artery arcades were three to five times as close together in the affected regions as normally but their calibre was smaller than normal. The vessels were evenly spaced and ran without variation in their calibre up to the antimesenteric border of the gut. The thicker the mesentery, the wider the angle where the long vasa recta divided to form an anterior and a posterior branch. When the wrapping phenomen occurred this angle exceeded 90 degrees. The short vasa recta branching from the long vasa recta formed a very thin vascular network and thus the affected part of the gut could be easily distinguished from the normal ileum. The vascular changes were limited to the regions that were macroscopically abnormal. The arteries were well organized, but in the most severe cases where the architecture of the gut was destroyed the vascular pattern was also confused. The vascular pattern differed from that seen in malignant disease in two respects: there were no clear changes in the vascular calibres even in the most severe cases and no evidence of open arteriovenous shunts. The vascular changes were regarded as secondary to the fibrotic reaction in chronic regional enteritis and accurately reflected the severity of this reaction.

Adult↗