PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Pettersson

Publications and source records attributed to P Pettersson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

One-year prognosis in patients hospitalized with a history of unstable angina pectoris.

The prognosis during 1 year of follow-up in 715 patients admitted to one single hospital due to suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a history of unstable angina pectoris immediately preceding hospitalization is described. AMI developed in 192 patients (27%) during the first three days and in 255 patients (38%) during the first year. The mortality during hospitalization was 7% (50 patients) and during 1 year 19% (130 patients). Of the nonsurvivors, 54% died of AMI, 28% of congestive heart failure, and 20% of cardiogenic shock. Based on simple clinical parameters on admission to the emergency room, risk indicators for death during the following year could be identified as follows, in the order of significance: high age (p < 0.001), ST-segment depression on admission (p < 0.001), and a history of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05). At admission to the emergency room, risk indicators for development of AMI during the following year were as follows: initial degree of suspicion of AMI (p < 0.001), electrocardiographic signs of acute ischemia on admission (p < 0.001), ST-segment elevation on admission (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.05), and lack of a previous history of chronic stable angina pectoris (p < 0.05). We conclude that, among patients admitted to hospital due to suspected AMI with a history of unstable angina pectoris immediately preceding hospitalization, 38% developed a confirmed infarction and 19% died during the following year.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Distribution of adipose tissue and muscle mass in alcoholic men.

An elevated waist to hip ratio (WHR) has been found to be a predictor for several prevalent diseases. To examine the potential role of alcohol in the elevation of WHR, established alcoholic men without severe liver damage who were in adequate nutritional condition were compared with organized teetotalers matched for age, height, and body weight; the groups had similar total body fat content and lean body mass. Computed tomographic (CT) measurements at thigh and trunk levels showed a significant increase in the visceral adipose tissue (AT) areas and a slight decrease of muscle areas in the gluteal and femoral regions of the alcoholics. The alcoholic men had 48% of their AT areas of trunk scans localized retroperitoneally and intraperitoneally compared with 38% for the teetotalers (P < .01). The difference seemed to be more marked for retroperitoneal than for intraperitoneal AT (97 v 60 cm2, P < .01). The elevated visceral AT areas seemed to be independent of smoking. It was concluded that the increased WHR of alcoholics may include not only changes in AT, but also in muscle tissue distribution.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

A 3-year follow-up study on single implant treatment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate restorative and postinsertion problems in patients provided with single implant supported restorations. Fifty consecutive single implant patients were reviewed over a period of 3 years following placement of artificial crowns. One (1.4%) of the 70 inserted implants was lost during the follow-up period, which gives a cumulative success rate of 98.5%. The most frequent complication was loosening of the single tooth abutment screw. This problem was associated with fistulas during the first year of clinical service. A more severe complication was that three adjacent teeth had to be endodontically treated due to accidental devitalization from surgical trauma during implant insertion. The mean marginal bone level adjacent to the implants was reduced 0.5 mm from crown insertion to the third annual review.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Body fat distribution and left ventricular morphology and function in obese females.

OBJECTIVE: To study left ventricular function and morphology in non-hypertensive obese females and to relate the findings to body mass index (BMI) and to an index of body fat distribution (waist:hip ratio). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Obesity unit in city hospital. SUBJECTS: Healthy obese females (n = 22) with BMI > 25 and < 40 kg/m2 and a non-obese, age-matched control group (n = 20) with BMI < 25 kg/m2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood pressure and non-invasive indices of left ventricular morphology and diastolic and systolic function. RESULTS: The obese group had significantly higher blood pressure, larger left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, greater left ventricular mass; larger left atrial size, signs of decreased left ventricular distensibility and prolonged left ventricular relaxation time index, and signs of supernormal systolic left ventricular function (as judged from the relationship between fractional shortening and end-systolic wall stress) than the non-obese controls. The results also indicated that left ventricular wall thickness and mass were well adapted to the increase in afterload, as judged by analyses of end-systolic wall tension and end-systolic wall stress. CONCLUSION: In confirmation of several previous studies, obesity was closely associated with an increase in blood pressure and left ventricular mass, and with early signs of disturbed left ventricular diastolic function. Left ventricular wall thickness and mass were well adapted to the increase in afterload; thus, we could not identify any non-afterload-dependent effect of an increase in BMI or waist:hip ratio on left ventricular hypertrophy.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Characteristics and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction in relation to whether they were treated in the coronary care unit or in another ward.

The characteristics and the prognosis in 921 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admitted to one single hospital are described and related to whether they were treated in the coronary care unit or not. Patients treated in the coronary care unit (n = 779) had a 1-year mortality rate of 26% as compared with 41% for patients treated in general wards (n = 115; p < 0.001) and 74% for patients treated in the intensive care unit (n = 27; p < 0.001). Patients treated outside the coronary care unit had a different risk factor pattern including a higher age and a higher prevalence of a previous cardiovascular disease. Independent clinical risk indicators for death among patients in the coronary care unit were in order of significance, high age (p < 0.001), arrhythmia on admission (p < 0.01), acute congestive heart failure on admission (p < 0.01) and a history of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05). In patients treated in general wards, the only risk indicator for death was a history of congestive heart failure.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Patients admitted to the emergency room with symptoms indicative of acute myocardial infarction.

All 7157 patients (55% men) admitted to the emergency room with chest pain or other symptoms indicative of acute myocardial infarction during a period of 21 months were registered consecutively. Chest pain was reported by 93% of the patients. On the basis of history, clinical examination, and electrocardiogram in the emergency room, all patients were prospectively classified in one of four categories: (i) obvious infarction (4% of all patients); (ii) strongly suspected infarction (20%); (iii) vague suspicion of infarction (35%); and (iv) no suspected infarction (41%). In patients with no suspected infarction (n = 2910), musculoskeletal (26%), obscure (21%) and psychogenic origins (16%) of the symptoms occurred most frequently. We conclude that few of the patients had an obvious infarction on admission, and that a musculoskeletal origin of the symptoms occurred most frequently in patients with no suspected infarction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The metabolism of ethyl esters of fatty acids in adipose tissue of rats chronically exposed to ethanol.

The concentration of ethyl esters of fatty acids as well as the activity of the enzyme synthesizing these esters (fatty acid ethyl ester synthase) were determined in adipose tissue of rats ingesting ethanol (9-16 g/kg body weight/day) for different periods of time. After 10 and 17 weeks of ethanol exposure about 300 nmol of ethyl esters of oleic, palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids were found per gram adipose tissue. The ethyl esters disappeared after 1 week of abstinence. Closer analyses, using radioactive ethanol, revealed a half-life of the esters of less than 24 hr. The bulk of the esters was found in a membrane preparation of isolated adipocytes. Hormone-sensitive lipase hydrolyzed emulsified ethyl oleate as efficiently as that of trioleoylglycerol, but in mixed ethyl oleate/trioleoyl glycerol particles the hydrolysis of ethyl oleate was slower, suggesting a decreased accessibility. Synthase activity was found in adipose tissue from rats not exposed to ethanol. It doubled after 10 and 17 weeks of ethanol and decreased with a half-life of at least a week after abstinence. It was concluded that ethyl esters of fatty acids are formed in rat adipose tissue as previously shown in other tissues. They seem to be stored mainly in membranous parts of the adipocytes. Synthase activity is induced by ethanol. The elevated activity has a longer half-life, and may be useful as an indicator of alcohol abuse.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1991

Prognosis in suspected acute myocardial infarction in relation to delay time between onset of symptoms and arrival in hospital.

During a 21-month period, the prognosis in all patients admitted to a hospital ward from the emergency room with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was prospectively recorded and related to the time between onset of symptoms and arrival in hospital. They were classified as early arrivers (less than or equal to 2 h), intermediate arrivers (2-8 h) and late arrivers (greater than 8 h). Among patients developing a confirmed AMI (n = 909) the 1-year mortality rate was 26.0% in early arrivers, 28.1% in intermediate arrivers and 32.6% in late arrivers. The corresponding figures for patients in whom AMI was ruled out (n = 2,035) were 15.2, 15.1 and 17.6%, respectively. In AMI patients, various morbidity aspects during hospitalization and 1 year of follow-up appeared mainly independent of delay time, whereas among those in whom AMI was ruled out congestive heart failure during hospitalization was most common in early arrivers. We conclude that patients with suspected AMI who do not arrive early in hospital have a high 1-year mortality rate regardless of whether they develop AMI or not. Whether their prognosis can be improved by shortening of delay time remains to be clarified.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Ultimate limits for the reaction flux and metabolite levels that may be evolutionarily reached in a linear metabolic pathway.

A relationship is derived for the maximum steady-state reaction rate that may be supported by an enzyme catalysing substrate/product interconversion by a generalized Michaelian mechanism for a single-substrate reaction. This relationship is used to characterize the ultimate kinetic and thermodynamic limits for the evolutionary improvement of a linear metabolic sequence of reactions catalysed by Michaelian enzymes in response to a selective pressure in the direction of increased reaction flux. A mathematical analysis is presented which provides explicit expressions for the maximum reaction flux and metabolite concentrations that can be evolutionarily reached in such a pathway. These expressions may be used to obtain information on the reaction steps that represent ultimate bottlenecks for the attainment of high reaction flux in a certain pathway and to identify the enzymes that ultimately are likely to exert main flux control.

Enzymes↗
PubMed1990

Fat distribution and steroid hormones in women with alcohol abuse.

Anthropometric, hormonal and liver function parameters were examined in 18 premenopausal women with a history of early alcohol abuse, and compared with the data for randomly selected controls of the same age. The alcoholic women showed slightly elevated levels of transaminases, but no clinical or laboratory signs of advanced liver damage. These women were characterized by an increased waist-to-hip ratio, due to enlarged waist circumference. Several endocrine abnormalities were found, including irregular or absent menses as well as low oestrogen, progesterone and delta-4-androstendione levels. The concentration of free testosterone was high and that of sex-hormone-binding globulin was low. These data suggest abdominal distribution of body fat, as well as hyperandrogenicity in alcoholic, premenopausal women. It is postulated that the endocrine abnormalities might be responsible for the abdominal fat distribution.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol consumption and synthesis of ethyl esters of fatty acids in adipose tissue.

Ethyl esters of fatty acids (EEFA) have been found to be formed during ethanol metabolism. Human adipose tissue contains high concentrations of free fatty acids, the substrate for EEFA synthesis, and might therefore be a tissue with great potential for EEFA formation. In order to explore their potential usefulness as markers of alcohol abuse, the EEFA concentration and the activity of EEFA-synthesizing enzyme were therefore determined in adipose tissue from men belonging to the following categories: teetotalers, social drinkers, alcoholics under treatment, or established alcoholics found to have died as a result of alcohol intoxication. In order to estimate the half-life of EEFA and the synthase activity induction, the alcoholics were examined after different time periods of abstinence from alcohol. Comparisons were also made with several established markers of alcohol abuse. EEFA were not found in teetotalers, and were found in low concentrations in some of the social drinkers. EEFA were found in several alcoholics, and the forensic cases had high concentrations. EEFA-synthesizing enzyme activity was found in all subjects, increasing from teetotalers to social drinkers, and being 2-fold higher in alcoholics and 5-fold higher in dead alcoholics. The induction of the enzyme after abstinence appeared to have a half-life of the order of several weeks. Correlations were found between EEFA synthase activity and previously established markers of alcohol abuse known to remain for a long time period after abstinence, such as mean erythrocyte corpuscular volume. This preliminary study suggests the possibility that EEFA synthase induction in adipose tissue might have a longer half-life than previously used markers of alcohol abuse. It is therefore suggested that the induction of EEFA synthase might be a potentially useful new marker for alcohol abuse because of its apparent proportionality to alcohol intake over a prolonged time period, its presumed specificity, and long-term elevation after alcohol abstinence. This potential marker should be analysed further.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1987

Studies on the chromatographic fractionation of metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene in faeces and urine from germfree and conventional rats.

Rats, germfree and conventional, were dosed with 14C-labelled benzo[a]pyrene. Faeces and urine were collected. Metabolites in faeces were effectively extracted with a new method using a combination of solvents and solid sorbents. Metabolites in urine were extracted with octadecylsilane-bonded silica. The metabolites were fractionated into groups by chromatography on a cation exchanger (SP-LH-20 or SP-Sephadex C-25) and an anion exchanger (TEAP-LH-20). Some of the groups were further purified by column chromatography and analysed by HPLC and TLC. The analyses show a complex pattern of metabolism. A large part of the metabolites (9-24% depending on animal type and route of excretion) had amphoteric properties, e.g. like glutathione and cysteine conjugates. The abundance of conjugates sensitive to beta-glucuronidase and sulphatase was low. The relative amount of acidic conjugates in faeces was much higher in the germfree than in the conventional rats indicating the influence of the intestinal flora on the metabolism. The results support the view that the mercapturic acid pathway is a quantitatively important metabolic route for benzo[a]pyrene in rats. The methods of extraction and group fractionation were designed to be generally applicable to the analysis of lipophilic xenobiotics and their metabolites.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Adipocyte precursor cells in obese and nonobese humans.

Adipose precursors isolated from the stromal-vascular fraction of omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue, from defined hyperplastic obese and nonobese human adults were cultured in order to measure and compare replication rates. After multiplication to confluence these cells were also cultured in an enriched viscous suspension medium to optimize the expression of these cells to adipocytes, allowing an estimation of the number of cells having the ability to express an adipocyte phenotype. No difference in replication rate was seen between obese and nonobese donors or when adipocyte precursors from different depots were compared. When cells were allowed to develop fully in the enriched medium, approximately 6.5% of the original inoculated cell population exhibited an adipocyte morphology. Thus, these results suggest that environmental rather than genetic factors may be responsible for the hyperplasia seen in certain massively obese humans. Furthermore, the results indicate that fat-free cells found within the stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue have the ability to develop into adipocytes. However, it is suggested that the relatively low yield in obtaining fully differentiated fat cells under these conditions may be due to the heterogeneity of adipose related cells within the original stromal-vascular fraction from which these cultures were initially derived.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in the diagnosis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

Urine from a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) was extracted with a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and the extract was analysed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The spectra indicated the presence of glucuronidated bile alcohols with four to seven hydroxyl groups. The method is simple and rapid and is suggested as an aid in the diagnosis of CTX with possible application to prenatal diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Insulin binding in differentiating rat preadipocytes in culture.

Binding, degradation, and antilipolytic effect of insulin were studied during the differentiation of preadipocytes into unilocular adipocytes. The precursor cells were isolated from the stromal-vascular fraction of adult rat epididymal fat pads and were cultured according to methods previously described. Under appropriate conditions the cells attained full morphological maturation after 6 days. A gradual increase in insulin binding was found concomitant with the morphological development of the preadipocytes into adipocytes. This increase was due to an enhanced number of binding sites whether expressed per cell or per unit cell surface area. The presence of a high insulin concentration (1.67 micrograms/ml or 278 nM) in the culture medium did not prevent this effect. The receptor density, expressed per unit surface area, was higher in the newly developed univacuolar cells than in mature fat cells from the same rat. The increased receptor density was also reflected by a leftward shift in the dose-response curve for the antilipolytic effect of insulin. In parallel with the increased binding, insulin degradation also increased. The lipolytic response to catecholamine also showed a gradual increase with development. When expressed per unit surface area, newly formed cells exhibited a considerably greater response (approximately 3.4 times) than mature cells from the same animals. The maximal antilipolytic effect of insulin in new cells was of the same order as in old cells when the data were expressed per unit cell surface area. Thus, the data show that developing adipocyte precursors gain membrane properties similar to those of mature fat cells. This cell system may serve as a useful model for studying receptor formation and factors that regulate hormone responsiveness.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Cells in human adipose tissue developing into adipocytes.

Sedimentable cells from human adipose tissue of different origins were cultured under conditions when cell multiplication was prevented but lipid filling optimized (suspension culture). In this way an estimation was obtained of the number of in vivo determined adipose precursor cells (preadipocytes) which were not filled with lipid. Under these conditions no cells from adult, non-obese subjects developed to adipocytes. Cells developing to adipocytes constituted less than 0.02% and 1% of adipocytes in tissues from obese adults and from children, respectively. It was concluded that in vivo determined adipocyte precursor cells (preadipocytes, lipid-free fat cells) are not present in a significant number in human adipose tissue either from adults or from children as tested with the method employed, allowing detection of a large number of such cells in adipose tissue from small rats.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and characterization of endothelial cells from the epididymal fat pad of the rat.

Endothelial cells from rat epididymal fat pad capillaries were isolated from rats immediately after weaning. The cells were obtained after an initial brief incubation with collagenase under conditions of minimal breakage of cells. Adipocytes were removed by flotation and endothelial cells were then obtained as cell aggregates by fractional filtration procedures whereby intact tissue as well as free cells were removed. These aggregates were then dispersed and cultured in supplemented medium 199 whereby a monolayer of cells with a growth pattern, numerous pinocytotic vesicles, and intercellular junctions typical of endothelial cells were obtained. Minor contaminations of precursor cells to adipocytes were absent after one subculture. Here greater than 95% of the cells showed the presence of Factor VIII. Further subcultures produced nonhomogenous cells and decreasing rates of replication. The endothelial cells showed a very low rate of triglyceride synthesis and release, and collected no visible lipid upon prolonged cultures in the presence of an abundance of triglyceride substrate. They bound lipoprotein lipase from rat adipocytes, whereby the lipase was stabilized. This binding was released by heparin, and the cells did not synthesize the enzyme.

Adipose Tissue↗