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Biomedical subjects

P Pfister

Publications and source records attributed to P Pfister.

43 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Lethality and danger of 14 types of purulent meningitis in the pre-ampicillin and in the ampicillin period. Synoptic overview of an epidemiologic study].

UNLABELLED: Based on epidemiological data in the western literature, the lethality of purulent meningitis over the last 32 years has been assessed. 14 types of meningitis (11 with frequent, 3 with rare etiologic agents) were investigated, and the results of the pre-ampicillin period (1948-1962) compared with the post-ampicillin period (1963-1979). RESULTS: during the ampicillin period lethality decreased significantly in patients aged below 60 years. For meningitis caused by salmonellae and certain strains of streptococci, the decrease was not statistically significant. In the population over 60, however, no significant decrease occurred, and the lethality of meningococcal meningitis even increased significantly. Presentation in graph form shows these findings very clearly, and comparison with the lethality of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis serves to express the potential danger of all these meningitis types numerically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[The drinking patterns of professionally working women of an industrial enterprise in an urban agglomeration of the north-western part of Switzerland, and its relationship to socioeconomic variables, a pilot study (author's transl)].

In the frame of a pilot-study, a statistically non-representative group of 436 women, employed in an industrial enterprise of north-western Switzerland, were questioned on normal drinking habits with regard to alcoholic beverages. The extent of the consumption and the preferences of different types of alcoholic beverages were correlated with socioeconomic variables. The authors point out that, due to the lower average weight by women and to a possibly different distributive factor and therefore a differing blood-alcohol-concentration, the extent of alcohol consumption has to be scaled differently than by men. Women older than 35 years indicate significantly more often a considerable consumption (p less than 0,02). Significant correlation is given between a higher social status of these women and high consumption, be it in connection with the level of professional training (p less than 0,05), the income (p less than 0,001), or the social class of their fathers. No relationships could be found between consumption and marital status or consumption and place of origin. When high consumption is in evidence, there is a significant correlation with the preference for wine (p less than 0,02), beer (p less than 0,005) or aperitifs (p less than 0,05). The different age-groups show only tendencies to prefer the different types of alcoholic beverages. Although wine is the most popular beverage for all the women examined, it is significantly more often mentioned by women over 35 years, followed by aperitifs, beer and hard liquors. Younger women prefer hard liquors (p less than 0,05), older ones more often choose medicated wine (p less than 0,05). There are also correlations to be found between the preference for an alcoholic beverage and professional status as well as the levels of social status of the fathers and income. Wine is preferred by women with a higher income (p less than 0,01), hard liquors by those from a higher social level of origin (p less than 0,05). These results differ from those out of other inquiries in men and women insofar, as the women in this pilot-study drink less and not as often as men. The correlations with regard to the level of professional training, professional status and income are the same as those described with regard to men. Differences however exist when the beverages preferred by women are examined, since the latter more often prefer wine and less often hard liquors than described when men and women are questioned together.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Similar bronchodilation with formoterol delivered by aerolizer or turbuhaler.

BACKGROUND: In many countries, two dry powder formulations of inhaled formoterol are available for clinical use; one uses a single-dose device (Foradil, Aerolizer), and the other uses a multiple-dose device (Oxis, Turbuhaler). OBJECTIVES: To study the bronchodilating effect of formoterol 12 mg when delivered via the Aerolizer and Turbuhaler devices over 12 h. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was monitored during a 12 h period. PATIENTS: Nineteen nonsmoking asthma patients were included in the trial on the basis of reversibility of symptoms in response to inhaled salbutamol (either 200 or 400 mg given cumulatively; minimum reversibility 15%). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two dry powder devices regarding the change from baseline of FEV1 over 12 h, the area under the curve of FEV1 over 12 h or the maximum value of FEV1. The improvement in FEV1 with formoterol 12 mg versus placebo was highly significant for both devices. CONCLUSIONS: Formoterol is similarly effective when used as a dry powder when given by either Aerolizer or the Turbuhaler.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[One-year assessment of the cholera epidemic in Madagascar, from March 1999 to March 2000].

The seventh cholera pandemic reached Madagascar in March 1999, 30 years after its appearance in East Africa. Two waves of infection were observed during the first year. The second wave was the stronger of the two. It occurred in the warm rainy season and spread over six provinces of the country. The incidence of cholera was from 0.1% to 2% and the hospital case fatality rate was between less than 2% and 6%, depending on the geographical area and the period. This outbreak has raised the awareness of communities and their leaders with respect to the environmental, practical and cultural factors that increase the risk of diseases transmitted by feces.

Adolescent↗