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Biomedical subjects

P Pialoux

Publications and source records attributed to P Pialoux.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Analytic study of noise].

This analysis examines the definition, origin, category, acoustic and psycho-acoustic properties and the quantitative and qualitative measurements of noise, allowing one to delineate the problems associated with such a disturbance. There are several definitions of sound, depending on the angle at which one considers the phenomenon: social, acoustic, psycho-acoustic or medical. The acoustic aspect determines its physical characteristics; the psycho-acoustic aspect deals specifically with its effect on the human ear. Noise assumes very different aspects: ambient, stable, fluctuating, intermittent, pulsing. It presents a disturbance depending on different factors: intensity, frequency, length of exposure, mode of arrival, evolution in time, acoustic characteristics. Over and above all these is added a factor of personal sensitivity, varying from one individual to another. Measurement of noise is performed with the help of an instrument called a sonometer, which records the level of the acoustic pressure, i.e. intensity. From this point, one can evaluate the magnitude of auditive disturbance, Leq. Measurement of human hearing has also been established. This is called audiometry. It allows one to assess the auditive value by drawing a graph: the audiogram. AFNOR has established a classification of noises to be found related to social life. Two broad categories: indoor noises, related to the activity in an apartment building and within the lives of its inhabitants, and outdoor noises, linked to traffic noise and its different forms, and to economic and social activity and noise produced by recreational pursuits.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1979

[Rebound nystagmus: a new cerebellar sign (author's transl)].

Rebound nystagmus is a special type of nystagmus provoked by excentration of gaze of a sight (gaze nystagmus). Gaze nystagmus is absent when looking straight ahead, and is already clearly evident after excentration of gaze of less than 20 degrees. It beats in the direction of the excentration. The first special feature of rebound nystagmus is the fact that it disappears in 10 to 20 seconds. Its diagnostic significance could be based upon this feature alone, as was though up to now. However, its second original feature is fundamental. After excentration, gaze is brought back to the primary position (straight ahead). As confirmed by all the literature its value is of being pathognomic of a lesion of the cerebellar pathways. It is of the greatest simplicity, and it is sough by asking the subject to follow the finger of the examiner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Evoked brain stem potentials. Study of their adaptation in multiple sclerosis].

This study of the Brainstem evoked Response has been done to try to find the exact location of neurologic disorders. The authors wanted to see if there were differences between normal subjects and patients with multilocular sclerosis, when the auditory stimulus in increasing from 10 pps to 50 pps. From 15 normal subjects (30 ears) the results have been compared to those obtained from 6 patients. The findings were: -- there is no adaptation phenomenon in the Brainstem (the conduction time in the Brainstem is absolutely constant). -- there is an adaptation which occurs before the first peak, happening later at 50 pps than at 10 pps. -- in the multilocular sclerosis the findings were: augmentation of the peak to peak delay no synchronisation of the peaks so that is very difficult to recognize each peaks. And the peaks are easier to recognize at 50 pps than at 10 pps which fact unexpectable. This dyssynchronisation at the compression and rarefaction click is for the authors an important factor for the multilocular sclerosis diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[A proposal of a T.N.M. type of classification of the ear. O.P.A.C. classification of chronic surgical otitis].

With the advent of modern otology, cophosurgeons anxious to compare their results soon became aware of the need for a "T.N.M" type of classification for the ear. The classification described here by the authors is, in principle, a classification of the "T.N.M" type: that is, a purely descriptive classification without prognostic, pathogenetic or therapeutic pretensions. This "O.P.A.C." classification is based on a description of 4 main characteristics: 1) the existence and characteristics of potential otorrhoea, described under the letter C; 2) the characteristics of potential perforation of the tympanum, described under the letter P; 3) the appearance of the middle ear, excluding the ossicular chain, described under the letter A; 4) the condition of the ossicular chain when the surgeon has completed his exploration of the lesions, described under the letter C. Two years experience seems to have proved the convenience and usefulness of this purely clinical classification, providing otologists with a common language. While they are aware of the objections and criticisms to which it may give rise, the authors hope, on time, to improve in this classification.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea↗
PubMed1976

Vestibular habituation in flightcrew.

Vestibular habituation is a general reaction to any repetitive sensory stimulation. It can be characterized by four main features: acquisition, retention, loss or dishabituation, and transfer. This study concerns three groups of subjects: The first group consists of a) 27 pilots at present serving in the French Air Force, b) 12 pilots at present serving in the major civil airlines, c) 8 navigators, radio-navigators, and crew mechanics, some of whom are flying club pilots, and d) 3 professional pilots trained in flying clubs. All of these subjects had more than 2000 h flying time. They were from 27 to 50 years old. The second group consists of airline stewards. The third group consists of trainee pilots still in flying school. All of these subjects were examined for their suitability, in particular undergoing a damped swing test. The first oscillation was in an anticlockwise direction and the damping extended over 20 periods. The following parametre was measured: the ratio of total left nystagmus frequency to total right nystagmus frequency. In "normal" control subjects the ratio is greater than 1. The results were: The first group: In 41 out of 50 subjects, the ratio of left tremors frequency to right tremors frequency was less than or approximately equal to 1. In the second group: The results showed no significant differences in comparison with a control group of subjects. In the third group: Zero flying time--the results were identical with those of control subjects; 40 h flying time--the ratio approached 1; 100 h flying time--the ratio was less than 1. Vestibular habituation, that is inversion of the preponderance of the total number of left tremors over the total number of right tremors, was observed in the technical flightcrew. The appearance of this inversion during the pilots' training was studied and its retention tested. This test for showing vestibular habituation may be of use for monitoring the function of equilibrium and the development of habituation during flight training. In this report, we shall first review the definition and characteristics of vestibular habituation, and the main body of recent work on this phenomenon in flightcrew. Our own findings will be then presented.

Aerospace Medicine↗