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P Pizzolato

Publications and source records attributed to P Pizzolato.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Elastin VIII. A correlative study of the aging elastica of arteries and skin.

Nigrosin base in an acid alcohol solution and Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin gave excellent staining of the elastic fibers in the arteries and skin regardless of age. Neutral hydroalcohol solutions of alcohol soluble nigrosin stained the elastic fibers in the arteries and skin of humans above age 20. Clara's neutral hematoxylin stained the arterial elastica of children less than 10 years of age, but did not color the elastic fibers of the skin. By these staining procedures, it may be possible to obtain information about arterial elastica by a skin biopsy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Elastin VII: aging effects on vascular elastica staining by oil soluble nigrosin dyes.

Neutral hydroalcoholic stains with spirit soluble nigrosin (C.I. 50415) and nigrosin base (C.I. 50415B) were applied to a series of human arteries from individuals ranging from newborn to 82 years of age for the demonstration of the selective staining by these dyes of the aging change in their elastica described by Lillie, Pizzolato and Donaldson (1974). The staining is absent in infants and children. It first appears in slight grade in some individuals at age 18. It increases in frequency and intensity with advancing age. It is often seen without obvious other histologic lesion and is regularly present when fibrous and fibroatheromatous plaques appear. In this series it was studied in the aorta of children and in grossly relatively normal areas of the superior mesenteric artery which was selected for the survey because of its usual rather slight involvement in arteriosclerosis. The intensity of the neutral nigrosin staining of the elastica of this artery appeared to be uninfluenced by the extent or severity of aortic lesions in the same individual. This nigrosinophilia appears to be an integral early phase in the development of the arteriosclerotic process and may precede appearance of fibrous or fibroatheromatous plaques by some years. The nigrosinophilia has been assigned (1974) to a lipoprotein alteration of arterial elastica. Prolonged storage in formol in plastic bags induced a strong neutral Solvent black 5 and 7 staining of arotic elastica in the normally negative 10-20 year age group. This reaction is presently considered artifactual, but is being studied further experimentally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Nuclear stains with soluble metachrome metal mordant dye lakes. The effect of chemical endgroup blocking reactions and the artificial introduction of acid groups into tissues.

Following our study on the effect of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction on nuclear staining with soluble metal mordant dye lakes covering 29 dye lakes we chose a series of lakes representing the three groups: (1) readily prevented by DNA removal, (2) weakened by DNA extraction but not prevented, (3) unaffected by DNA removal, for application of other endgroup blockade reactions. The lakes selected were alum and iron hematoxylins, iron alum and ferrous sulfate galleins, Fe2+ gallo blue E, iron alum celestin blue B, iron alum fluorone black and the phenocyanin TC-FeSO4 sequence. Azure A with and without an eosin B neutral stain, was used as a simple cationic (and anionic) dye control. Methylation was less effective than with simple cationic dyes, but did weaken celestin blue, gallo blue E and phenocyanin Fe2+ nuclear stains. These dyes also demonstrate other acid groups: acid mucins, cartilage matrix, mast cells, central nervous corpora amylacea and artificially introduced carboxyl, sulfuric and sulfonic acid groups. Alum hematoxylin stained cartilage weakly and demonstrated sulfation and sulfonation sites. The iron galleins, iron fluorone black and acid iron hematoxylin do not. A pH 4 iron alum hematoxylin gave no staining of these sites; an alum hematoxylin acidified with 1% 12 N HCl gave weaker results. Deamination prevented eosin and orange G counterstains but did not impair nuclear stains with any of the mordant dye lakes. The simple acetylations likewise did not alter mordant dye nuclear staining, the Skraup reagent gave its usual sulfation effect on other tissue elements, but did not alter nuclear stains by mordant dyes. The mordant dyes do not bind to periodic acid engendered aldehyde sites and p-toluidine/acetic acid and borohydride aldehyde blockades did not alter mordant dye lake nuclear staining. Nitration by tetranitromethane, which blocks azo coupling of tyrosine residues, did not alter nuclear staining by the mordant dye lakes. Benzil at pH 13, which prevents the beta-naphthoquinone-4-Na sulfonate (NQS) arginine reaction and the Fullmer reaction of basic nucleoprotein, did not affect iron gallein, iron or alum hematoxylin stains of nuclei or lingual keratohyalin.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1976

The effect of graded 60 degrees C 1N nitric acid extraction and of deoxyribonuclease digestion on nuclear staining by metachrome mordant dye metal salt mixtures.

We can divide metachrome mordant staining of nuclei after graded 60 degrees C 1 N nitric acid extraction into three groups. The Feulgen nucleal reaction and dilute cationic dye staining of nuclei are abolished in about 30 minutes. With one group of metachrome dyes nuclear staining is lost with acid exposures of one hour or less. In a second group nuclear staining is weakened by 30-60 minute extractions, but persists in recognizable grade for 4-6 hours. In the third group nuclear staining remains almost unimpaired for 4-6 hours. In the first group the nuclear staining seems clearly assignable to the nucleic acids and to DNA in particular. In the second group loss of part of the reactivity on short exposure indicates some participation of DNA in the control staining result, as well as participation of basic nucleoprotein. In the third group staining seems assignable largely to basic nucleoprotein. The five gallocyanin group dyes, all in group 1, all possess a dialkylamino group, probably functioning as an ammonium chloride.Hematoxylin, the flurone blacks and gallein all present an o-hydroxysemiquinone group which probably acts as a weak acid, in addition to the carboxyl group of gallein which gives the strongest staining of nuclei at the longest acid exposure. Deoxyribonuclease digestion (2 hours, 37 degrees C) separated sharply a class in which nuclear staining failed completely, a class in which nuclear staining was fully equal to that in the control preparations and an intermediate group in which slight, moderate, or severa impairment was present. Generally there was good agreement between the two methods of nucleic acid removal, despite the fixation difference. In each case, however, the extraction procedure was one worked out for the fixation on which it was used.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1976

Mesothelioma of spermatic cord: electron microscopic and histochemical characteristics of its mucopolysaccharides.

A mesothelioma of the spermatic cord occurred at the site of multiple hernial repairs. The aggressive biologic behavior of this tumor is exhibited by its early lymph node invasion and extensive metastases to the pleural cavities, lungs, and spleen. These tumor cells contained a large amount of stable of stable glycogen-like carbohydrate insoluble in formalin and tolerating postmortem changes. Electron microscopy revealed features similar to those mesotheliomas arising from body cavities.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Hematoxylin substitutes: a survey of mordant dyes tested and consideration of the relation of their structure to performance as nuclear stains.

In the search for hematoxylin substitutes 26 dyes were more or less extensively tested for performance as nuclear stains, usually in combination with aluminum, chronic, ferrous and ferric salts. Reports from the literature on hematoxylin substitutes were also considered, and efforts were made to obtain samples of favorably reported dyes and test them. The reports on anthocyanins include isolated reports on several berry juices and a considerable number of studies on Sambucus niger and Vaccinium myrtillus. None of these have so far been tested by us. Otherwise favorable reports have appeared on eleven synthetic dyes and on carmine, brazilin, and hematin. Except for one of the synthetics, naphthazarin, which is no longer fractured, we had samples of all of these. In addition, more or less unsuccessful trials were made on twelve dyestuffs, some of which were new syntheses designed to combine chelating capacity with nucleophilia. Following Fyg's report of blue nuclear staining with chrome alum carmine, trial was made to change the red nuclear stain of kernechtrot by altering the metal mordant. The most successful dyes were phenocyanin TC, gallein, fluorone black, alizarin cyanin BB and alizarin blue S. Celestin blue B with an iron mordant is quite successful if properly handled to prevent gelling of solutions.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Iron and aluminum lakes of Gallo blue E as nuclear and metachromatic mucin stains.

Gallo blue E, C. I. No. 51040, Mordant Violet 54, furnishes a blue black nuclear stain when applied to tissue sections in the form of its moderately stable iron lakes. This coloring combined well with such counterstains as orange G and eosin B. The Van Gieson stain tends to decolorize mucins, cartilage, and mast cells previously stained with this dye. Its aluminum lake solutions tend to gel in a few minutes to 24 hours depending on the solvent used and the amount of Al3+ present. Aluminum lake solutions give a moderately good blue to dark blue nuclear stain and a brilliant purplish red to dark purple stain to a variety of epithelial and connective tissue mucins. Acid dye counterstains are poorly tolerated. With either lake, nuclear staining is abolished by deoxyribonuclease digestion or relatively short mineral acid extraction of DNA.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1976

Formalin pigment (acid hematin) and related pigments.

Black to brown amorphous to microcrystalline granules are encountered in histologic sections prepared from tissues fixed in formalin having a low pH. This pigment is produced by acid acting upon hemoglobin and is known as formalin pigment or acid hematin. A similar pigment is also observed in sites of bleeding ulcers in areas of acid production such as the stomach. These pigments exhibit many physical and histochemical properties similiar to pigments produced by some animal parasites as in malaria, schistosoma and pulmonary mites. These parasites disintegrate erythrocytes in an unknown manner, and liberate an acid hematin-like pigment which is phagocytized by the reticuloendothelial system. Since formalin pigment can be considered as an artifact, confusion with other pigments can be avoided by the use of neutral buffered formalin for the fixation of tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Indirect sulphonation of mucopolysaccharides and glycogen in tissue sections with the use of bisulphite or dithionite after periodic acid oxidation.

Tissue mucopolysaccharides and glycogen can be indirectly sulphated after being oxidized by periodic acid and treated with sodium bisulphite or dithionite in aqueous solution. The sulphated sites are darkly stained by Roluidine Blue and realted dyes at pH less than 1.0. The background is very pale or colourless. The stained sections resist extraction with 1% hydrochloric acid for 48 hr, but can be extracted by 5% ammonium hydroxide in ethanol in 1 hr. Other oxidizing agents cannot be substituted for periodic acid.

Dithionite↗
PubMed1975

Hematoxylin substitutes. A study of phenocyanin TC and the use of afterchrome mordanting in histology.

A practical, simple synthesis of the obsolete mordant dye, phenocyanin, was devised, proceding from gallocyanin and resorcinol with acid and heat. The dye gave promise of good performance in metachrome iron mixtures, but because of excessive precipitation, the practice of afterchroming was taken from textile dyeing usage, and proved very successful. Of a number of metallic salts tried, Fe II proved to be the best, then Cu II and Fe III. The stain acts as a cationic dye on nucleic acids and other acidic tissue components: acid mucins, cartilage, mast cells, corpora amylacea, etc. The afterchroming process renders the stain much more resistant to various extraction agents and even moderately resistant to acid alcohol. Color values are quite comparable to those obtained with hematoxylin-eosin when an eosin counterstain is used. Nuclei basophilic cytoplasm, Nissl granules, and bacteria color dark blue; cartilage, mast cells, and some acid mucins, deep violet. Staining with the 1% solution was essentially unaltered from neutrality down to 1.2 N HCl, pH 0.68, and dilution of the dye to 0.05% in 1% conc. HCl (pH 1.2) still gave excellent nuclear, RNA, and mast-cell staining. At 0.02% and pH 1.2, nuclear staining was distinctly weakened; mast cell granules were still dark violet.

Benzopyrans↗