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P Poll

Publications and source records attributed to P Poll.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Screening for uterine cervix cancer in Storstrøm, Vestsjaelland and Bornholm counties during 1979-1989].

We studied the use of Pap smears in three counties in Denmark, where the screening activity has been organized in different ways. The county of Storstrøm had an organized screening programme in 1979-82. Women aged 30-50 years were invited personally, and 91% participated. The same response rate is seen in the county of Bornholm today, where women aged 25-54 years are invited. No invitations are sent in the counties of Storstøm and Vestsjaelland today, and only 66%-69% of the 30-50 year old women are screened. The Danish National Board of Health recommends commencement of screening at the age of 23 years. However, 53%-57% of the women aged 15-22 years are screened in Storstrøm and Vestsjaelland counties today. The percentages of women screened in the older age groups are, on the other hand, low. Only 10%-17% of women aged 60-75 years were screened in 1985-89. The Danish National Board of Health recommends that women aged 23-75 years should be screened once every third year and that positive, atypical and unqualified smears should be followed-up. The county of Bornholm has an organized screening programme, but 21% of the Pap smears are nevertheless used outside the national recommendations. The county of Vestsjaelland has no organized screening programme and 42% of the Pap smear are used outside the national recommendations. It would be possible to screen a considerably higher percentage of the women aged 23-75 years if the screening activity was well organized.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Status of preventive examinations against uterine cervix cancer in Denmark].

In 1986, The Danish National Board of Health published guidelines for cervical cancer screening. These guidelines recommend organized screening with personal invitations every three years to women in the age group 23-59 years, and in the years to come also invitations to women aged 60-74 years. Five years have now elapsed since publication of these guidelines, and we have therefore studied the present organization of cervical cancer screening in Danish counties. Organized screening programmes are now, medio 1991, running in 11 out of the 16 "counties" (this includes the municipalities of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg). One county follows the national guidelines entirely. Six counties follow these guidelines in general, but they do not invite women over the age of 60 years. In all, 45% of women aged 25-74 years are at present invited for cervical cancer screening in Denmark. Two counties have decided to start organized screening programmes in 1992.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Risk factors for cervical human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus infections in Greenland and Denmark: a population-based study.

Risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6/11 and 16/18 and any HPV type as well as for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections were investigated in a population-based study of 1,600 randomly selected women (20-39 years) from Godthåb (native, Nuuk), Greenland, and Nykøbing Falster, Denmark. A total of 586 Greenlandic women and 661 Danish women were included, respectively. They all had a personal interview and a gynecologic examination with cervical smear and swab for HPV analysis (filter in situ hybridization). Moreover, a blood sample was obtained for analysis for HSV-2 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In view of the general concept of HPV as a sexually transmitted virus, it is unexpected that women with "multiple" partners revealed a significantly lower risk for all types of HPV than did women with "few" partners, the odds ratio (OR) being 40-60% decreased in women with greater than or equal to 30 partners compared with women who had 0-4 sexual partners. In contrast, the risk for HSV-2 infection was significantly increased among women with early age at first sexual intercourse (OR = 2.9 for age less than or equal to 13 vs. 14-16 years) and multiple partners (OR = 2.6 for greater than or equal to 20 vs. 0-4 partners) (hereafter referred to as "high sexual activity" as well as with an increasing number of sexually active years with an unprotected cervix (i.e., without the use of barrier contraceptives) (OR = 2.0 for greater than or equal to 15 vs. 0-9 years). The results of this study thus demonstrate a surprising risk pattern for HPV types 6/11 and 16/18, but a pattern for HSV-2 in line with that to be expected for a sexually transmitted virus. This could indicate the existence of factors, especially in women with high sexual activity, which interfere with the expression of HPV or with the ability to detect it and/or that HPV may be transmitted by means other than sexual contact.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Abnormal Papanicolaou smear. A population-based study of risk factors in Greenlandic and Danish women.

Possible risk factors for abnormal Papanicolaou smear were investigated in a population-based cross-sectional study. From Nuuk (Greenland) and Nykøbing Falster (Denmark), random samples of 800 women aged 20-39 years were drawn. Totals of 586 and 661 women were included in Greenland and Denmark, respectively. All women went through a personal interview, and had a gynecologic examination including a PAP smear and cervical swab for HPV analysis. A blood sample was taken for analysis of HSV type specific antibodies. Multiple sexual partners was the most important risk factor for abnormal cervical cytology (OR = 4.2). An infectious etiology was also indirectly supported by a relatively protective effect of barrier contraceptive methods (OR = 0.6). The simultaneous finding of HPV 16/18 as a significant risk factor (OR = 2.4) cannot be taken uncritically as support for a causal effect of this HPV type, since such a relationship between cytological changes of the cervix and HPV infection could also emerge if the positive PAP smear was not just a measure of intra-epithelial neoplasia but also an expression of the infection itself on the cervix.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Risk factors for cervical cancer in Greenland and Denmark: a population-based cross-sectional study.

The incidence of cervical cancer in Greenlandic women aged 20-39 years is nearly 6 times higher than in Danish women of the same age. Possible determinants of cervical cancer incidence were investigated in a population-based cross-sectional study. From Nuuk (Greenland) and Nykøbing Falster (Denmark) a sample of 800 women aged 20-39 years was drawn at random. A total of 586 and 661 women were studied in Greenland and Denmark, respectively. All underwent a personal interview. In Greenland, 13% of the women reported first intercourse before the age of 14 in contrast to 3.5% in Denmark, and nearly 85% of the Greenlanders had their sexual debut before the end of the 16th year of age whereas this applied to only 45% of the Danish women. The prevalence of women with 0-1 lifetime sexual partner was 20.4% in Denmark, and only 1.7% in Greenland. In contrast, 53.2% of the Greenlandic women reported more than 20 partners and 22.4% more than 40 partners. The corresponding figures for Denmark were 3.6% and 0.3%, respectively. In Greenland the most common contraceptive method was the use of intra-uterine devices (73.6%), whereas, in Denmark, oral contraceptive use was most frequent (87.9%). Few Greenlanders had ever used "barrier" contraceptives (diaphragm: 1.4%; condom: 18.1%) compared to Denmark (diaphragm: 10.1%; condom: 53.9%). As many as 87.4% were current smokers in Greenland (Denmark: 53.6%) and 5.6% claimed to have never smoked, whereas this applied to 35.3% in Denmark. The indications of a higher sexual activity (multiple partners, early age at first intercourse) in Greenland compared to Denmark are in line with the observed higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases and with the hypothesis that differences in cervical cancer incidence between Greenland and Denmark are determined by aspects of sexual background.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus and cervical cancer incidence in Greenland and Denmark. A population-based cross-sectional study.

In Greenland, the incidence of cervical cancer is 5.7 times higher than in Denmark among women aged 20-39. From Nuuk (Greenland) and Nykøbing Falster (Denmark) a sample of 800 women aged 20-39 years was drawn at random. A total of 586 and 661 women were investigated in Greenland and Denmark respectively. All women had a gynecological examination including a PAP-smear and cervical scrape for HPV-analysis (filter in situ hybridization). A blood sample was taken for analysis of HSV type-specific antibodies (ELISA). The percentage of normal smears was identical in the 2 areas (95%). The total HPV 16/18 infection rate was 13% in Denmark and 8.8% in Greenland, and the age-adjusted prevalence rate in Greenland was only 67% of that in Denmark (95% CI: 0.05-0.89). The proportion of HPV 6/11 positivity was the same in Greenland and in Denmark (6.7% vs. 7.5%). A significantly higher proportion of the Greenlandic women had HSV-2 antibodies (68.2%) in comparison with Danish women (30.9%) (p less than 0.01). The prevalence of HSV-1 was also higher in Greenland, especially in women aged 20 to 24. Our finding of a higher HPV infection rate in Denmark than in Greenland, opposed to cervical cancer rates, does not support a role for these viruses as determinants of cervical cancer incidence. In contrast, the rate of HSV-2 infection co-varies with the observed incidence of cervical cancer. This is in line with the notion that differences in cervical cancer incidence between Denmark and Greenland are determined by aspects of sexual behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Incidence of cervical cancer following negative smear. A cohort study from Maribo County, Denmark.

In order to estimate the risk of developing cervical cancer among women who originally had cytologically normal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears, information has been collected on all Pap smears taken in Maribo County, Denmark in 1966-1982 among women born 1918-1952. A total of 27,811 women are included in the study, and cases of invasive cervical cancer developed in the study population have been identified from the local department of pathology and from the Danish Cancer Registry. The incidence of cervical cancer has been tabulated by number of previous negative smears and by time elapsed since last negative smear. Women with one previous negative smear have a zero risk of developing cervical cancer during the first year following the negative smear. The incidence among these women increases with length of time since the negative smear and reaches the level of unscreened women during the fifth year of follow-up. Women with 2-4 previous negative smears also have a negligible risk of developing cervical cancer during the first two years following the last negative smear. The incidence among these women increases less over time than the incidence for women with one previous negative smear. No cases of cervical cancer were observed among 7,716 women with 5+ previous negative smears. The study indicates that the 5-year risk of developing cervical cancer is 48% lower in women with one previous negative smear than in an unselected population of unscreened women. The 5-year risk for women with 2-4 previous negative smears is 69% lower than that for unscreened women.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Risk of cervical cancer following negative smears in Maribo County, Denmark, 1966-1982.

In order to estimate the risk of developing cervical cancer among women who had originally had cytologically normal smears, information has been collected on all smears taken in Maribo County, Denmark, in the years 1966-1982, among women born between 1918 and 1952. A total of 27,811 women are included in the study, and cases of invasive cervical cancer developing in the study population have been identified from the local department of pathology and from the National Cancer Registry. The incidence of cervical cancer has been tabulated by number of previous negative smears and by time elapsed since last negative smear. Women with one previous negative smear have a zero risk of developing cervical cancer during the first year following the negative smear. The incidence among these women increases with length of time since the negative smear and reaches the same level as that of unscreened women during the fifth year of follow-up. Women with two to four previous negative smears also have a negligible risk of developing cervical cancer during the first two years following the last negative smear. The incidence among these women increases less over time than the incidence for women with one previous negative smear. No case of cervical cancer was observed among 7716 women with five or more previous negative smears. The study indicates that the five-year risk of developing cervical cancer is 48% lower in women with one previous negative smear than in an unselected population of unscreened women. The five-year risk for women with two previous negative smears is 62% lower than that for unscreened women.

Adolescent↗