Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P R Chadwick.
We present the case of a patient with no pre-existing systemic or renal disease who developed multiple, bilateral renal abscesses caused by infection with Escherichia coli. In view of the diffuse nature of his lesions the patient was not a candidate for percutaneous drainage or surgery. He made a full recovery following conservative antibiotic therapy.
A patient with persistent dural fistula, CSF rhinorrhoea and a history of recurrent bacterial meningitis developed meningitis with a penicillin-resistant strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae while on prophylactic ampicillin. The microbiological aspects of management are discussed.
Tests were made to correlate the chemical content of mosquito coils with the knockdown and bite-inhibitory action of the smoke in the laboratory and with the protective effect in field use. Smoke from a blank coil, containing no pyrethroid, gave no knockdown, 10% inhibition of biting in the laboratory using Aedes aegypti, and 39% protection in field tests in village huts on the Kenyan coast with a mixed population of mosquitoes including 71% Anopheles gambiae. Coils containing low experimental contents of 0.044% and 0.099% Esbiothrin, an isomer blend rich in the D-allethrolone ester of D-trans-chrysanthemic acid, gave rapid knockdown in both small chamber and 25 m3 room tests, and 71% and 94% inhibition of biting respectively in the laboratory. In the field they gave 74% and 84% protection from mosquitoes alighting. Chemical content was therefore a good guide to knockdown and bite inhibition in the laboratory and also to the considerable protection found in the field.
A tissue culture model was developed in which enteroinvasive Escherichia coli invaded and survived within HEp-2 epithelial cells. The bacteria were shown to be intracellular by light and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. The model was then used to assess the ability of antimicrobial agents to penetrate into cells and alter the morphology of the bacteria. Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin penetrated more easily than beta-lactam antibiotics. Ampicillin and its derivatives penetrated more easily than cephalosporins, latamoxef or aztreonam. Only ciprofloxacin was able to kill intracellular bacteria.
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