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Biomedical subjects

P R Patel

Publications and source records attributed to P R Patel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Trauma care systems in India.

Trauma-care systems in India are at a nascent stage of development. Industrialised cities, rural towns and villages coexist, with almost complete lack of organised trauma care. There is gross disparity between trauma services available in various parts of the country. Rural India has inefficient services for trauma care, due to the varied topography, financial constraints and lack of appropriate health infrastructure. There is no national lead agency to co-ordinate various components of a trauma system. No mechanism for accreditation of trauma centres and professionals exists. Education in trauma life-support (TLS) skills has only recently become available. A nation-wide survey encompassing various facilities has demonstrated significant deficiencies in current trauma systems.Although injury is a major public-health problem, the Government of India has failed to recognise it as a priority. Significant efforts to develop trauma-care systems across the country are seen mainly in the private sector. New initiatives under National Health Policy 2002 are expected to result in improvement in the systems, but the allocation of funds remains grossly inadequate for any significant impact on the outcome.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1999

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication of organ transplantation, with multiple factors being implicated in its pathogenesis. The clinical presentation of PTLD is atypical, therefore imaging and tissue biopsy are essential for diagnosis. Treatment requires drug combinations that are appropriate to the PTLD. Four patients with PTLD who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation are documented, and their clinical characteristics and management described. These case histories identify neutropenia to be a problem and show that age does not seem to influence prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Quantitative anthropometry of the subatlantal cervical longitudinal ligaments.

STUDY DESIGN: The quantitative anthropometry of the cervical longitudinal ligaments was determined in 20 human cadaveric subatlantal cervical spines at the limits of flexion and extension. OBJECTIVES: To provide measurements of cervical anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament lengths, widths, and cross-sectional areas at segmental levels. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although mathematical models of the cervical spine require specific data to predict kinematics, the anthropometry of the cervical spine has not been examined in detail. The dimensional changes of ligaments in physiologic motion are not well characterized. METHODS: Segmental lengths and widths of the cervical longitudinal ligaments were measured in sagittal plane flexion and extension, using a three-dimensional electromagnetic digitizer. The cross-sectional areas of the ligaments at resting length were measured with a laser micrometer system. Comparisons between anterior and posterior location and among segmental levels were made. Several ligaments were examined histologically to determine the insertion sites and, thus, to define the segmental length. RESULTS: The anterior longitudinal ligaments were shorter in flexion than in extension. In extension, they were longer than the posterior longitudinal ligaments in flexion. The resting isolated ligaments were longer than the longest in situ lengths at several vertebral levels. The anterior longitudinal ligaments were wider at the disc than at the body. The cross-sectional area at C2-C3 was smaller than at subaxial levels. The longitudinal ligaments were observed to insert along the entire underlying vertebral body. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative anthropometry of the cervical longitudinal ligaments is important in the development of accurate mathematical models of the cervical spine. The in situ ligaments may not be under tension in the physiologic range of motion.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Stability of meropenem in intravenous solutions.

The stability of meropenem in various i.v. fluids stored in various containers for i.v. use was studied. Solutions of meropenem were prepared in a variety of i.v. diluents in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags, glass vials, and commercial easy-to-prepare infusion systems. Solutions for storage in PVC bags were prepared with meropenem concentrations of 1 and 20 mg/mL; in glass vials, 2.5 and 50 mg/mL; and in commercial easy-to-prepare infusion systems, 2.5 and 20 mg/mL (Baxter Minibag Plus system) and 1, 5, and 20 mg/mL (ADD-Vantage system, Abbott). The solutions were stored for up to 48 hours at 4-5 or 21-26 degrees C. Meropenem concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The stability of meropenem was influenced by the drug concentration; the drug was stable for a longer time in the 1-mg/mL solution than in the 20- and 50-mg/mL solutions. Stability was also influenced by storage temperature; the drug was stable for a longer time in solutions stored at 4-5 degrees C than in solutions stored at 21-26 degrees C. Meropenem was stable for the longest time in sterile water for injection and in 0.9% sodium chloride injection. The stability of meropenem in solutions in PVC bags, glass vials, Baxter Minibag Plus containers, and ADD-Vantage bags was influenced by the i.v. fluid used to reconstitute the drug, the concentration of the final solution, and the storage temperature.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1997

The role of human papillomavirus in the development of pyogenic granulomas.

BACKGROUND: Pyogenic granulomas (lobular capillary hemangiomas) and condyloma acuminata share similar locations and risk factors. Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 are commonly associated with condyloma acuminata, but their association with pyogenic granulomas has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pyogenic granulomas contain evidence of infection with condyloma-producing HPVs. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction assays for the E6 and E7 gene sequences of HPV types 6 and 11 and another assay for the E7 region of HPV types 16, 31, 33, 35, 42, and 58 were used to evaluate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from archival pyogenic granuloma biopsies taken from cutaneous and oral epithelium. RESULTS: Neither cutaneous nor oral pyogenic granulomas contain amplifiable E6 or E7 sequences from any of these viruses. CONCLUSIONS: Pyogenic granulomas are not caused by HPV 6, 11, 16, 31, 33, 35, 42, or 58. This study does not exclude the possibility that other viruses may be responsible for these tumors.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Human anterior and posterior cervical longitudinal ligaments possess similar tensile properties.

One hundred bone-ligament-bone complexes were isolated from the cervical spines of 20 fresh-frozen human cadavers and mechanically tested in uniaxial tension. Load-elongation curves representing the structural properties of the complex were obtained, and stiffness, ultimate load, energy at failure, and elongation were determined from the curves. Stress-strain curves representing the mechanical properties of the ligament substance were also obtained, and elastic modulus was determined from these curves. Comparisons were made between anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments and among cervical levels. The cross-sectional area of the anterior ligament was smaller at the C2-C3 level than at subaxial levels. There was a trend toward less stiffness but more energy at failure and greater elastic modulus for the anterior compared with the posterior ligaments at subaxial levels, although the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Trends in HIV seroprevalence in men who have sex with men: New York City Department of Health sexually transmitted disease clinics, 1988-1993.

OBJECTIVE: To measure HIV seroprevalence trends in a primarily non-white sample (n = 1618) of men who have sex with men (MSM). The MSM were sampled at New York City Department of Health (NYC-DOH) sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics during 1988-1993. DESIGN: Unlinked HIV-1 serosurvey using remnant serum originally drawn for routine syphilis screening. METHOD: Demographic, clinical and risk exposure data were abstracted from clinic charts. No other sources of data were used, and patients were not interviewed. RESULTS: HIV seroprevalence in the overall sample declined from 53 to 34% between 1988 and 1993. The most dramatic decline was observed in white MSM (from 47 to 17%; n = 457). Seroprevalence in black MSM also fell (from 60 to 45%; n = 691). Seroprevalence in Hispanic men (n = 332) showed no decline, starting and ending the 5-year period at 39%. Bisexual MSM, who comprised one-quarter of the sample, experienced a shallower decline than other MSM (from 41 to 33%). The magnitude of the decline decreased with increasing age--for example, seroprevalence in MSM aged 20-24 years dropped by 62% (from 39 to 15%), whereas seroprevalence in MSM aged 40-44 years dropped by 10% (from 48 to 43%)--up through age 45 years, at which point another dramatic decline (from 53 to 21%) was observed. There was no decline in the high seroprevalence associated with a discharge diagnosis of gonorrhea (58%) or any genital ulcer disease (GUD; e.g., primary or secondary syphilis, chancroid or genital herpes, 52%). The proportion of STD diagnoses attributed to GUD rose from 8 to 14%. CONCLUSION: A small number of MSM continued to present to NYC-DOH STD clinics and to leave with a diagnosed STD at a time when safe sex was aggressively promoted. The biological and behavioral associations between GUD and gonorrhea and HIV seroprevalence warrant continued investigation. Prevention programs targeted to young, minority and bisexual MSM are needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Maurice Klippel.

Maurice Klippel (1858-1942) was a turn-of-the-century French internist with a special interest in neurology and psychiatry. He authored numerous medical papers in these disciplines, but is best known to spine surgeons for his description, co-authored with Andre Feil, of a patient with congenital fusion of the cervical vertebrae, a condition now known as Klippel-Feil syndrome.

Eponyms↗
PubMed1990

The normal IVU: a trap for the unwary.

Intravenous urography (IVU) is considered to be a reliable means of investigating the urinary tract for renal pathology. We present two cases of patients who were investigated for loin pains. In both patients the IVU appearances were normal but the final diagnosis, as obtained by ultrasound, was renal cell carcinoma of the upper pole of the right kidney.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1987

Uptake of 99mTc-DTPA by a renal oncocytoma.

In a patient with a large vascular renal mass, a preoperative DTPA scan showed retention of the activity within the tumour. On histology, the tumour proved to be an oncocytoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

Dimensional changes of a high-tin content amalgam.

Amalgam made with Brewster Alloy (62% Ag, 33% Sn, 5% Cu, and 0.2% Zn) had little or no dimensional change during 24 h at 23 degrees C. Brewster amalgam stored for five yr in air expanded 186, 68, and 14 microns/cm at 60, 37, and 23 degrees C, respectively. Nearly "stable" conditions were approached at about 50 mo.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

Effect of residual mercury content on creep in dental amalgams.

For most of the tested amalgams, the increased mercury content caused by delayed compaction increases the flow or creep. The amalgams that had high creep values when packed early were decidedly affected by the increase in mercury content caused by delay in compaction. Amalgams made with Dispersalloy, Tytin, Sybraloy, and New True Dentalloy are not as sensitive to the mercury content as are some of the others tested. Tests for creep may be related more to clinical practice if they are performed on specimens compacted three minutes after trituration rather than on specimens compacted immediately (a half minute) after trituration. In clinical practice, small amounts of amalgam should be mixed and used immediately after trituration. If the delay between trituration and compaction is longer than three minutes, additional mixes are required. We therefore conclude that, in making a large amalgam restoration, many small mixes have superior results over one large mix.

Chemical Phenomena↗