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Biomedical subjects

P Radford

Publications and source records attributed to P Radford.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Asthma in children.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Pyrrolidinoöxazolidine alkaloids from two species of ladybird beetles.

From the mixture of alkaloids obtained from adults of two species of ladybird beetles, Epilachna varivestis and Epilachna borealis, a novel bicyclic alkaloid, 5-(12'-aminotridecyl)pyrrolidinoöxazolidine [(5 alpha, 7 a beta)-hexahydro-alpha-methylpyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazole-5-dodecaneami ne] (2) was characterized on the basis of spectrometric and synthetic investigations. This new alkaloid is related structurally to a monocyclic congener 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(12'-aminotridecyl)pyrrolidine (1), previously characterized from E. varivestis. Two additional alkaloids (lower homologs of 1 and 2) from E. borealis were characterized as 5-(10'-aminoündecyl)pyrrolidinoöxazolidine [(5 alpha,-7 a beta)-hexahydro-alpha-methylpyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazole-5-decaneamine ] (7) and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(10'-aminoündecyl)pyrrolidine (8), on the basis of their mass spectra.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1997

The effect of a toothguard on the difficulty of intubation.

Dental damage is the most common reason for complaints against anaesthetists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the common belief that the use of a toothguard at the time of intubation causes intubation to be more difficult. We studied 80 patients, half of whom were intubated with a toothguard in situ and the other half intubated without a toothguard. The time taken from mouth opening to successful passage of the tracheal tube through the vocal cords was measured. In the toothguard group, the recorded time also included the time taken to insert the toothguard. The median time to intubation in the group with a toothguard was 24 s and the median time to intubation in the group without a toothguard was 17 s. The difference of 7 s in the time to intubation was statistically significant (p = 0.0003). As the recorded times also included the time taken to insert the toothguard, we do not regard this result to be clinically significant and believe that anaesthetists should think carefully before disregarding this simple protective device.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The effect of needle size and type in paediatric caudal analgesia.

A randomized prospective study compared three types of needle for caudal analgesia in 623 children. Inadvertent vascular puncture (bloody tap) was more likely if a child weighed more than 15 kg. There were no significant differences in respect to success or complication rate between the needle types (21 g and 23 g standard bevelled intramuscular (i.m.) needles and 22 g short bevelled 'regional block' needle).

Analgesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1996

Ketamine: the forgotten anaesthetic?

Ketamine has many properties that are advantageous to the practitioner in a rural setting, particularly if solo. The personal experience of the author is recounted, and a technique for using ketamine is outlined.

Anesthetics, Dissociative↗
PubMed1995

Local anesthesia for postoperative pain relief after foot surgery: a prospective clinical trial.

A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was set up to test whether the addition of ankle block to general anesthesia was useful in providing postoperative pain relief following forefoot surgery. Forty feet (20 treatment, 20 control) were entered into the trial and all underwent bony operations on the first ray. Pain was assessed at fixed times following the operation using pain analog scales. Analgesic consumption and wound healing were also assessed. A significant difference was found between the pain scores in the two groups at the 6-hr stage, but there was no difference in any of the other assessments. It is concluded that ankle block is a useful addition to general anesthesia for this type of surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Genetic differences affecting the potency of stereoisomers of halothane.

The mechanism of action of volatile anesthetics is the subject of some debate. Much of the controversy has centered on whether the site of such actions is purely lipid in nature or may contain a protein target. This report studies the interaction of stereoisomers of halothane on the wild type and on a variety of genetic mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans. The mutants studied have previously been shown to have altered sensitivities to volatile anesthetics. In one mutant, fc34, (R)-halothane [the (+) isomer] was 3 times more potent than its S (-) isomer. Other mutants and wild-type animals displayed more modest differences in sensitivity to the enantiomers. The results indicate that a genetic pathway exists in C. elegans controlling sensitivity to halothane and that both lipid and protein targets may mediate halothane's effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Preoperative traction for hip fractures in the elderly: a clinical trial.

A consecutive series of 100 patients with femoral neck fractures were assessed by a mental test score on admission. The 67 scoring within the normal range were randomly assigned to skin traction or no traction between admission and operation. Using pain assessment scales and records of analgesic consumption, there was found to be little difference between the two groups. The conclusion was that skin traction offered no benefits in pain control for the patient and therefore should not be used routinely.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Association of MS Pi phenotype with airway hyperresponsiveness.

Asthmatic families (AFs) and normal families (NFs) were studied to determine the relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and alpha 1-antitrypsin protease inhibitor phenotype. We studied IgE levels, skin test scores, and methacholine sensitivity. In both the AF and NF groups, the subjects with the MS phenotype had significantly greater methacholine-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness sensitivity than the MM and MZ subjects. These findings suggest that the S allele may be associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Induction dose of propofol in children.

In a study of 144 children aged 1-12 years, attempts were made to assess the ED50 and ED90 of the intravenous induction agent, propofol. The doses required for loss of eyelash reflex and tolerance of facemask, in 50% of unpremedicated children, were 1.6 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg respectively. In children premedicated with oral trimeprazine the corresponding values of ED50 were 1.1 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg. Doses of 2.8 mg/kg in unpremedicated and 2.0 mg/kg for those who received trimeprazine were required for loss of eyelash reflex in 90% of children. This probably corresponds to an effective induction dose. Pain and movement on induction were common; the incidence was 27% and 21.5% respectively.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗