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Biomedical subjects

P Ray

Publications and source records attributed to P Ray.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Theophylline treatment in the extubation of infants weighing less than 1,250 grams: a controlled trial.

The role of theophylline in weaning infants weighing less than 1,250 g at birth from mechanical ventilation was evaluated. Infants were randomized into control or theophylline treatment groups when they required minimal ventilatory support (peak inspiratory pressure 12 cm H2O, positive end-expiratory pressure 2 cm H2O, rate 12 breaths per minute, and FiO2 less than 0.3), and they were extubated 24 hours later. Infants required reintubation if they had (1) PaCO2 greater than 55 mm Hg and pH less than 7.20, (2) FiO2 greater than 0.5, or (3) apnea associated with a heart rate less than 100 beats per minute that required frequent stimulation (more than 20 episodes during a 16-hour period). Among 32 infants (birth weight less than 1,000 g) who reached minimal ventilatory support before seven days after delivery, 13 of 18 (72%) control infants required reintubation, whereas only four of 14 (28%) theophylline-treated infants required reintubation. On the other hand, among infants (birth weight less than 1,000 g) who reached minimal ventilatory support after seven days following delivery, only one of six (17%) of the control group required reintubation and no improvement could be seen with theophylline treatment. Similarly, among control infants (birth weight 1,001 to 1,250 g), only ten of 45 (23%) required reintubation after reaching low intermittent manditory ventilation settings. In summary, most infants recovering from respiratory distress syndrome who had birth weights (1) greater than 1,000 g or (2) less than 1,000 g and who were older than seven days could be successfully extubated from minimal ventilatory support without theophylline treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Apnea↗
PubMed1987

Techniques in the fine needle aspiration biopsy of the prostate.

In general, aspiration cytology of the prostate has not been a frequently used technique, in part because all too often there has been a poor yield of cells for cytologic evaluation. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate various needle designs and techniques for obtaining specimens and making slides. Cadaver prostates and surgical specimens were used to evaluate a series of 22 gauge aspiration needles. Cytology slides were fixed and stained with either Papanicolaou or hematoxylin and eosin stain. Coded slides were assigned a score representing the number of fields (magnification X 40) covered. The angle of the bevel or the size of the side-port (0.030 inch long and 0.01 inch deep or 0.045 inch long and 0.01 inch deep) did not significantly affect the results. However, the presence of the side-eye on a control spinal needle or an existing Franzen aspiration needle significantly improved the yield of cells (P less than .05). Frosted and non-frosted slides were evaluated as well as other techniques for making smears. In conclusion, an outline for making cytologic slides for aspirations of the prostate is presented.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1986

A physical map of 4 million bp around the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene on the human X-chromosome.

Employing pulsed field gradient electrophoresis, we constructed a 4.5 million bp (Mb) Sfil restriction map of the human X-chromosomal region p21, harboring genes for Duchenne (DMD) and Becker Muscular Dystrophy. In a DMD patient with additional chronic granulomatosis and retinitis pigmentosa, the proximal 3.5 Mb is deleted. Another DMD patient, with additional glycerol kinase deficiency and adrenal hypoplasia, lacks at least 3.3 Mb in the middle region, including marker C7 but not B24, placing C7 closer to DMD. Another DMD patient has a partial pERT-87 deletion of minimally 140 kb. Truncated Sfil fragments in a female X:21 translocation patient place the junction probe XJ1.1 115 kb from the distal end of the normal fragment. Probe pERT-84 maps to the same fragment, within 750 kb of XJ1.1.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1986

Signal peptidases.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Safety and efficacy of intravesical aminocaproic acid for bleeding after transurethral resection of prostate.

There appears to be no clinically significant difference in blood loss or transfusion requirements after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) when intravesical 0.5% aminocaproic acid is compared with 0.9% sodium chloride irrigation in patients during the first three days after surgery. This is probably because early post-TURP bleeding is due to inadequate hemostasis or perforation of the prostatic capsule, and not excessive local or systemic fibrinolysis. However, we suggest that intravesical aminocaproic acid might be a useful alternative to systemic antifibrinolytic therapy in patients with delayed, recurrent, excessive post-prostatectomy bleeding, which is thought to be due to fibrinolysis. Since aminocaproic acid is not systemically absorbed after bladder instillation, intravesical administration causes few side effects and does not necessitate screening patients for disseminated intravascular coagulation prior to treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Carbon tetrachloride-induced release of calcium from isolated hepatocytes.

Studies have shown that CCl4 administration to rats inhibits endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump activity and reduces the amount of calcium associated with subsequently isolated microsomal subcellular fractions. This report confirms that exposure of isolated hepatocytes to CCl4 rapidly produces these effects in isolated parenchymal cells and demonstrates that when isolated hepatocytes are exposed to CCl4, calcium is rapidly released from cells. This release can be detected with a calcium ion-selective electrode when cells are incubated in a medium with low extracellular calcium. Calcium released from an intracellular pool(s) may initiate hepatotoxic changes in liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The screening of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients for submicroscopic deletions.

We have probed the DNA of 156 Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, representing 140 kindreds, with cloned DNA sequences derived from Xp21 and known to show deletions in some DMD patients. Sixteen cases showed a deletion, as defined by lack of hybridisation to one or more of the four probes used. However, two of these cases were brothers, so 15 independent deletions (10.7%) are represented. The deletion map is compatible with the suggested order for the sites of the probes used in the study, that is, telomere----pERT87.15----pERT87.8----pERT87.1----pX J1.1----754----centromere. Further mapping of these deletions and characterisation of the deletion breakpoints should facilitate more accurate molecular localisation of the gene or genes which, when mutated, are responsible for causing DMD.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1985

Characterization and physical map of choleraphage phi 149 DNA.

Choleraphage phi 149 DNA is a linear double-stranded molecule 69 X 10(6) Da or 104 kilobase pairs (kbp). From restriction enzyme analysis, it has been concluded that the DNA is circularly permuted. There are at least three S1 nuclease-sensitive sites along the length of the molecule. These sites represent single-strand interruptions repairable by T4 DNA ligase. A physical map of the DNA has been constructed using the restriction endonucleases BamH1 and BglII.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of leuprolide and diethylstilbestrol for stage D2 adenocarcinoma of prostate.

In a controlled, prospective, randomized clinical trial, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of leuprolide, a superactive analog of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, given in a single subcutaneous injection dose of 1 mg per day, versus diethylstilbestrol (DES) 3 mg per day by mouth in patients with previously untreated Stage D2 prostatic adenocarcinoma. Eleven leuprolide patients and 10 DES patients were evaluated for therapeutic response. Eighty per cent of patients in each group experienced subjective improvement in bone pain and urinary obstructive signs and symptoms. Although the pooled percentages of complete, partial, and stable objective responses were greater for the leuprolide group than the DES group, the sums of the percentages of complete and partial objective responses were comparable for both treatment groups during the first forty-eight and sixty weeks of the study, respectively. In addition, patients not responding to leuprolide generally experienced no benefit with crossover to DES, and vice versa. Serious adverse reactions were more common in the DES group and included fatal myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, deep venous thrombosis, and gynecomastia. Vasomotor flushing, disease flare, and injection site irritation occurred most often in leuprolide patients, but did not require modification or discontinuation of treatment.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

New bovine adrenal medullary peptide and its precursor.

We have isolated a previously unknown peptide and its precursor from bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin granules. The peptide sequence is Leu-Pro-Val-Asn-Ser-Pro-Met-Asn-Lys-Gly-Asn-Glu-Val-Met-Lys. The peptide is cleaved from the precursor at a Lys site. The sequence shows no homology to any known protein in the largest sequence data bank available.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1985

Immunobiology of the Dunning R-3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma sublines: plasma and tumor effusion prostaglandins.

Enhanced production of prostaglandins (PGs) by experimentally-induced and naturally occurring tumors and their effect on tumor growth and immunosurveillance have been noted. Directed toward further evaluation of the relationship between prostatic tumor growth and its milieu, i.e., microenvironment, we investigated the possible correlation between levels of PGs, tumor size, and metastatic potential. For this purpose, the levels of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in plasma and tumor effusions of three tumor sublines of the Dunning R-3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma were measured: R-3327H, well-differentiated, slow-growing, and poorly metastatic; R-3327G, poorly differentiated, fast-growing, and poorly metastatic; and R-3327 Mat LyLu, anaplastic, fast-growing, and highly metastatic. The level of PGF2 alpha was highly variable with no significant differences being noted between the tumor sublines. The mean values of PGF2 alpha were, however, higher, although not significantly so, in the smaller tumors within each of the sublines. The levels of PGE2 were significantly higher in Mat LyLu effusions than those from the nonmetastasizing R-3327G and H sublines. Evaluation and comparison of the relationship between tumor burden, i.e., size versus levels of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha showed no significant differences. A vasodilator and regulator of immunological responsiveness, PGE2, may function as a modulator of tumor metastases. In consonance with studies by others elevated levels of PGE2 may possibly serve as a prognostic marker for the high metastatic potential of neoplastic cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Purification and sequence of a novel ovine adrenal medullary peptide and its precursor.

A 24 amino acid polypeptide that does not originate from (pre)proenkephalin has been isolated from ovine adrenal chromaffin granules. Its sequence is: Arg-Leu-Pro-Gly-Glu-Leu-Arg-Asn-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Tyr-Gly-Glu-Glu-Val-Gly-Glu- Glu-Ala -Ala-Arg-Gly-Val. This peptide is generated from a precursor molecule that has also been purified and partially sequenced. The proteolytic cleavage occurs at a triple Arg site. A search of the available protein sequence data banks shows very little homology to any known protein.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1984

Phosphate repression of phage protein synthesis during infection by choleraphage phi 149.

A synthetic medium for choleraphage phi 149 growth, in which the concentration of phosphate ions plays a significant role, has been defined. Upon infection, choleraphage phi 149 DNA binds to the cell membrane at three to four sites. The host macromolecular syntheses are shut off by 10 min after infection and the synthesis of phage-specific DNA is detectable after 20 min of infection. The phage utilizes primarily the host DNA degradation products for its own DNA synthesis. When added during the first 20 min of infection both nalidixic acid and novobiocin inhibit phage growth. The effects of these antibiotics are not pronounced when added late during infection. Pulse labeling of ultraviolet-irradiated infected cells at different times during infection has allowed identification of about 50 phage-specific proteins of which 19 are structural proteins. These proteins appear during the infection cycle in two distinct phases, early and late. When infection is carried out in high-phosphate medium, none of the late proteins is synthesized. Eleven of the 26 early proteins detected are DNA-binding proteins.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1984

Purification and sequence of an opioid peptide derived from ovine proenkephalin.

An enkephalin-containing peptide originating from ovine adrenal proenkephalin has been purified and sequenced. The sequence of the peptide is: GLY-GLY-GLU-VAL-LEU-GLY-LYS-ARG-TYR-GLY-GLY-PHE-MET (preproenkephalin 128-140) which represents a portion of peptide F (preproenkephalin 107-140). This peptide has a sequence identical to that of bovine preproenkephalin 128-140 while it differs from the corresponding human sequence in positions 129, 131 and 133.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1984

Immunotherapy of prostate cancer: a review.

Tumors are antigenic and patients can mount an immune response against their tumors. Prostate cancer patients are sensitized to their malignancies and immunotherapeutic efforts have been successful. As with other tumors, it is unlikely that immunotherapy alone will be curative, but will play a role in combination therapy along with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. But before its rightful place can be delineated, additional clinical and laboratory studies must be completed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Adrenal medullary chromaffin granule peptides: two major ovine peptides and their precursor.

An octapeptide and decapeptide which are not derived from proenkephalin were isolated from ovine adrenal chromaffin granules. Their sequences are Asn-Leu-Asp -Pro-Lys-Leu-Asp-Leu and Val-Ala-Glu-Leu-Asp-Gln-Leu-Leu-His-Tyr. These two peptides were found to be derived from a single precursor peptide which has also been isolated and sequenced. The proteolytic cleavage occurs at a Lys-Arg site typical of prohormone to hormone cleavages.

Adrenal Medulla↗