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Biomedical subjects

P Reich

Publications and source records attributed to P Reich.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

SD-mice--an animal model for complex anorectal malformations.

Animal models for morphological investigations of anorectal malformations are barely known to pediatric surgeons. In this study the morphological characteristics of a spontaneous mutation of the house mouse, the so-called SD-mouse, are described. The semidominant gene SD exerts its influence on the anorectum, the urogenital system and the axial skeleton. Many heterozygous (SD/+) and all homozygous (SD/SD) animals die shortly after birth due to their malformations. Surviving heterozygotes, identified by their short and deformed tails, may be used for breeding purposes. According to Mendel's laws, mating of such heterozygous yields 75% more or less malformed animals which may be used for morphological investigations. The morphological features of these animals were investigated in 61 neonatal SD-mice (33 SD/SD, 28 SD/+) and in 10 normal controls by microdissection and in 49 animals (25 SD/SD, 20 SD/+ and four normal controls) by serial sections. Of these, all homozygous and 10 heterozygous SD mice had anorectal malformations. The spectrum of these malformations is wide: very complex malformations in SD/SD mice and high anorectal malformations in SD/+ mice. These are comparable to morphological features found in humans and piglets. Hence the SD mouse represents an animal model for morphologic and embryonic investigations of complex anorectal malformations.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1990

Nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernias in rats: an animal model.

In embryological terms, pathogenesis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) associated with pulmonary hypoplasia is still unclear. However, it is known since 1971 that Nitrofen (2,4-dichloro-phenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether) can induce anatomical malformations in rats including diaphragmatic hernias. On order to establish an animal model of the embryogenesis of CDH, the effect of Nitrofen on the developing diaphragm was studied. Thirty-three pregnant female rats were exposed to Nitrofen. Five unexposed pregnant rats served as controls. In the first set of experiments, single doses of Nitrofen were given between the 9th and 13th day of pregnancy. In the second set of experiments, dosages of 50, 100, and 150 mg per animal were given on day 11 of pregnancy only. Postnatally the litters (469 newborn rats) were dissected to record the incidence of diaphragmatic malformations. The results were: (1) most hernias occurred after administration of 100 mg Nitrofen on day 9 (42%) and 11 (59%); (2) left-sided hernias were observed only after exposure to Nitrofen on day 9; (3) after exposure on day 10 or later all hernias were on the right side; and (4) Fifty-nine percent of the newborn rats exposed on day 11 had CDH. These results show that this model is suitable for further embryological investigations on the development of CDH.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Memory impairment in multiple sclerosis.

We compared the performance of 50 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 35 normal controls on a variety of memory tasks to determine the nature and severity of memory deficits in the MS patients and the proportion of patients affected. We also determined the relationship between memory and other cognitive functions, demographic factors, disease characteristics, depression, and psychoactive medication. We found significant differences between patients and controls on almost all memory tests. Patterns of learning, effects of interference, and improvement with cuing were similar for both groups. Thirty percent of patients showed severe memory impairment, 30% were moderately impaired, and 40% were mildly or not impaired. Memory dysfunction was related to impairment of other cognitive functions, lower socioeconomic status, chronic progressive type of MS, and use of antianxiety medication, but not to severity of disability, duration of MS symptoms or depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The mesoduodenum].

In the present study an anatomical examination of ten bodies was made to describe the fixation of duodenum and pancreas to the posterior abdominal wall. It has become apparent that the shape of the posterior mesoduodenum of the first part of duodenum is rodlike. Due to the secondary retroperitoneal fixation between duodenum and pancreas a vascularized, wide-based borderline lamella remains in the area of second and third parts of the duodenum. The borderline lamella corresponds to the tela subserosa and strengthens Treitz fascia and Gerota fascia in the prerenal area. It covers the inferior vena cava, and is fixed to the adventitia of the abdominal aorta. The retroduodenopancreatical tissue forms a duodenopancreatical layer which contains its own vessels. Now it is possible to understand better the surgical importance of pancreatitis, retroduodenal haematoma and mobilization of duodenum and pancreas.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1988

Pathogenesis of hypospadias--more questions than answers.

Most researchers believe that hypospadias arises from malformation of the penile urethra. However, this concept has been recently rejected, and it has been suggested that the opening of the urethra is "pushed forward" by growth of the perineum. In order to obtain more information on the development of the urethra, late stages of phallic development were studied in 220 rat embryos with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In our study, signs of rupture of the urogenital membrane or fusion of the urethral folds could not be found. Therefore, we could not confirm the traditional concept for the development of the phallic urethra. A new concept of urethral development is suggested and the pathogenesis of hypospadias is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Colorectal carcinoma--intracavitary sonography].

Staging of rectal carcinoma effected in 32 patients via ultrasound was re-examined on the basis of histological findings. One patient was classified in T3 by ultrasound, although histologically he belonged to the T2 stage. In no case was the spread of the tumour underestimated. Other indications for endosonography of the rectum are: aftercare of patients subjected to deep resection, and diagnosis of extraluminal processes.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Depression in multiple sclerosis.

Standardized interview techniques, diagnostic criteria, and rating scales were used to assess 50 moderately disabled multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Fifty-four percent met lifetime Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depression, with a significant increase in the rate from before to after the onset of MS symptoms. The MS patients were significantly more depressed than other medical patients described in the literature. Major depressions were associated with steroid-treated exacerbations and a history of major depression. Symptoms of depression may be easily confused with those of MS, resulting in inadequate diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Psychological predisposition to life-threatening arrhythmias.

Studies of the circumstances preceding the onset of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias suggest that intense or unusual emotional states, often involving anger, are associated with arrhythmia onset in approximately 20% of the cases. These observations shed light on the possible role of psychological factors in the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Agitation observed during treatment with newer hypnotic drugs.

Side effects involving agitation, e.g., sleepwalking, anger, and panic, were observed in 10 insomniac patients treated with temazepam or triazolam but not other benzodiazepines. Each patient described these side effects as uncharacteristic. Milder agitation was observed in 2 cases. In 4 cases, these effects were doubted by the prescribing physician. This type of side effect has been only slowly recognized for other benzodiazepines and has not been much reported for these newer agents. Agitation observed during treatment with these agents may be related to their short elimination half-lives.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The influence of the psyche and the brain on immunity and disease susceptibility: a critical review.

In critically reviewing the sources of evidence connecting psyche and brain with the immune system, the authors include a brief review of current knowledge of the immune system, its interactions with the neuroendocrine system, and other factors influencing its regulation. These include developmental stages, aging, rhythmicity, and a variety of exogenous influences. The need for developing further information about normal base lines is emphasized. Against that background, many sources of data demonstrating connections between the central nervous system and the immune system are presented: indirect evidence from clinical and experimental illnesses involving the immune system, and direct changes in either humoral or cellular immunity after natural or experimental stress, conditioning, hypnosis, and direct brain stimulation. Possible mechanisms are discussed, as well as some important methodological issues for further research.

Age Factors↗