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Biomedical subjects

P Remes

Publications and source records attributed to P Remes.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Voluntary counseling and HIV testing for pregnant women in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana: is couple counseling the way forward?

This study reports the results of a cross-sectional questionnaire survey undertaken in the Kassena-Nankana district of Ghana to assess the perception and attitude of 270 antenatal clinic attendants towards voluntary counseling and HIV testing. It was found that although 92.6% (95% CI 88.8-95.4) of respondents indicated a willingness to get tested, only 51% (95% CI 45.0-57.2) considered HIV testing for pregnant women to be useful. Most (93.6%) indicated they would like their husbands (partners) to know the result of the test and 52.2% indicated that their husbands would be willing to accompany them to antenatal clinic (ANC) at least once during the pregnancy. The perception of the usefulness of HIV testing (OR = 8.5, 95% CI 1.8-40.0), the willingness to disclose test result to the husband (OR = 13.3, 95% CI 4.0-44.5) and perceived willingness of husband to accompany wife to antenatal clinic (OR = 5.2, 95% CI 1.4-19.8) were found to be independent predictors of a woman's willingness to get tested. The willingness to disclose test result to husband (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-10.5) and knowledge of at least one mode of MTCT HIV transmission (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.6) were found to be independent predictors of a woman's perception that getting tested was useful. The results suggest that for pregnant women in this district, the willingness to get tested for HIV does not equate with the perception of the test's usefulness, and that spouses are likely to exert strong influence on the attitude of pregnant women towards VCT. Couple counseling facilitated through couple-friendly ANC services should be explored as strategy for the intended VCT program in this district.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effect of increased depletion of copper, supplementary cholesterol diet and stress on the cholesterol concentration in wall of rat thoracic aorta.

The effects of experimental copper deficiency by itself, and in combination with other factor resulting in ischaemic heart diseases (IHD), were investigated on the lipid composition and copper status of serum and aortic wall in rat. The depletion of absorbed copper was raised by complex formation (D-penicillamine-treatment). This provoked secondary copper deficiency was combined with a dietary cholesterol- and stress-loading. After treatment the levels of triglyceride (Tg), total cholesterol (Chol), HDL-cholesterol (HDL) (HDL = high density lipoprotein) and HDL2-cholesterol (HDL2) as well as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the serum and in aortic wall were measured by chemical analysis. It was pointed out, that increase in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were promoted by the provoked copper deficiency in the serum and in the wall of the thoracic aorta. In combination with other risk factors it caused an increase in the elevation of Tg and Chol concentrations and has reduced the level of HDL2, significantly.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The 3'-->5' exonuclease associated with HeLa DNA polymerase epsilon.

The 3'-->5' exonuclease activity of highly purified large form of human DNA polymerase epsilon was studied. The activity removes mononucleotides from the 3' end of an oligonucleotide with a non-processive mechanism and leaves 5'-terminal trinucleotide non-hydrolyzed. This is the case both with single-stranded oligonucleotides and with oligonucleotides annealed to complementary regions of M13DNA. However, the reaction rates with single-stranded oligonucleotides are at least ten-fold when compared to those with completely base-paired oligonucleotides. Conceivably, mismatched 3' end of an oligonucleotide annealed to M13DNA is rapidly removed and the hydrolysis is slowed down when double-stranded region is reached. The preferential removal of a non-complementary 3' end and the nonprocessive mechanism are consistent with anticipated proofreading function. In addition to the 3'-->5' exonuclease activity, an 5'-->3' exonuclease activity is often present even in relatively highly purified DNA polymerase epsilon preparates suggesting that such an activity may be an essential component for the action of this enzyme in vivo. Contrary to the 3'-->5' exonuclease activity, the 5'-->3' exonuclease is separable from the polymerase activity.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of chronic alcohol consumption on blood pressure].

In 1984, a hypertension screening programme was carried out on 13,772 adult subjects in conjunction with a radiological tuberculosis project in the Hungarian town of Csongrád. Among other factors, the effects of a long-lasting and heavy alcohol intake on blood pressure levels were investigated. 21.4% of the men and 2.3% of women admitted to being regular alcohol consumers. Direct and significant relationships were found between the quantity of alcohol consumed and both the systolic (p less than 0.001) and diastolic (p less than 0.05) blood pressures. The prevalence of hypertension (WHO criteria) was higher in heavy drinkers (29.9%) than in abstinent subjects (20.5%, p less than 0.001). When participants were subgrouped according to age groups only the men provided sufficient data. The systolic blood pressure of heavy drinkers was elevated as compared with that of non-drinkers.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1989

Locomotor problems of supersonic aviation and astronautics.

Modern high-speed aviation and space flight are fraught with many problems and require a high standard of health and fitness. Those responsible for the health of pilots must appreciate the importance of early diagnosis even before symptoms appear. This is particularly true in terms of preventing spinal injuries where even a single Schmorl's node may make a pilot unfit for high-speed flying. Spinal fractures are frequent during emergency ejection and landing. Helicopter crews are particularly prone to spinal disc degeneration due to vibration. By effective lowering of vibration by changes in the seats, a reduction in such lesions is possible. The osteoporosis and muscle atrophy occurring among astronauts subjected to prolonged weightlessness can be prevented by regular physical exercises.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1986

Acute leukemia after treatment for ovarian cancer. Report of four cases and review of the literature.

Four cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) following ovarian cancer are reported. All patients received alkylating agents and had a preleukemic phase. Seventy-nine additional cases of ANLL following therapy found in the literature are also reviewed. All but 2 patients received alkylating or alkylating-related agents alone or in combination. Mean duration of chemotherapy was 31.4 +/- 19.4 months. Eighty-eight percent of the patients presented with preleukemia with a mean duration of 10 +/- 10 months. Mean interval between cancer and ANLL was 57.3 +/- 26 months. Cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 71% among patients who had a karyotype. Long-term alkylating agent therapy seems to have a significant role in the development of ANLL and should be avoided in ovarian cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Modern method and instrument for measuring psychic performance.

This paper shows that cortical processing of information quantity can be given in bits, while speed of information processing can be given in bit/sec; therefore the information processing ability can be denoted in algebraical expression. Changes of emotional tension can be objectified by galvanic skin reflex and pulse reaction. This method and device is suitable to measure psychic state of space station personnel and to predict psychic activity.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1978

The influence of GABA on discharges of cortical epileptogenic focus.

GABA, when applied locally, acted similarly on both primary and mirror cortical focus: the negative component of the spike discharge was suppressed or inverted in polarity, whereas the late slow negative wave was strongly potentiated. Recordings from deep cortical layers suggested a different origin of these 2 surface-negative components of focal discharges.

Action Potentials↗